Aggregh Erhowon Peter presented a seminar on the potential of using bio waste to enhance bioremediation as a green technology. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to degrade pollutants like crude oil spills. While natural bioremediation is inefficient, bio waste amendments can stimulate microbes by providing nutrients. The presentation outlined factors influencing bioremediation success, challenges with inorganic fertilizers, sources of bio waste, and mechanisms of oil biodegradation. It concluded that bio waste can improve microbial growth, biotechnology is safe, and inorganic fertilizers should be avoided to promote effective bioremediation as a sustainable clean-up technique.

1. UNIVERSITY OF PORTHARCOURT
FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
A SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON:
POTENTIAL OF BIO WASTE IN ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION: A GREEN
TECHNOLOGY.
BY
AGGREH, ERHOVWON PETER
(U2011/5555010)
MCB 409.2
SUPERVISOR: DR (MRS). CHIOMA BLAISE CHIKERE.
CO-ODINATOR: DR O.C ERUTEYA
OCTOBER, 2015.

2. OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
 RESEARCH FOCUS
 BIOREMEDIATION AS A CLEAN UP TECHNIQUE
 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BIOREMEDIATION SUCCESS.
 CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION
 BIOLOGICAL WASTE AS AMENDMENTS FOR ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION
 WHY GREEN TECHNOLOGY?
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Pollution
 Crude oil
 Bio waste
 Green technology
 Bioremediation

4. LITERATURE REVIEW
TABLE 1. A LIST OF SOME OF THE ARTICLES USED IN THIS PRESENTATION
S/N TITLE OF ARTICLE YEAR OF PUBLICATION AUTHOR(S)
1 Bioremediation : A new
horizon for environmental
clean-up
2012 Pandey, B. et al
2 Bioremediation: Features,
Strategies and applications
2012 Sharma S.
3 Culture dependent
characterization of
hydrocarbon utilizing
bacteria in selected crude
oil- impacted sites in Bodo,
Ogoni land, Nigeria.
2014 Chikere, B. C. et al

5. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
 The after effect of the application of inorganic fertilizer
to the environment.
 The inefficiency of natural attenuation to meet up the
restoration of an oil spilled environment.
 The destruction of the ecosystem due to crude oil
pollution
 When an oil spill occurs, there is complete depletion of
nutrients.

6. RESEARCH FOCUS
 To evaluate the proficiency of bio waste in bio stimulation of
microorganisms in the treatment of polluted environment

7. HISTORY
TABLE 2. TIME LINE BC 600 – PRESENT OF THE HISTORY OF BIOREMEDIATION ADAPTED FROM EPA 2000.
Source: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2000.
EVENT DATEE EVENT DESCRIPTION
B.C 600 Intricate network of sewers were built for collecting waste
water which underwent subsequent biological treatment
1800 It was believed that disposing of waste into local rives would
dilute the waste
1960 Oil degrading organisms came into focus
1970 George Robinson repeatedly revised the process of
bioremediation with jars
1972 The first commercial use of bioremediation system to cleanup
a oil pipeline in Pennsylvania.
1980 Commercialization of bioremediation began earnestly.
1989 The technology was used on the shorelines after the Exxon
Valdex spill
1990 Oil pollution act was passed by congress.
2002 - 2015 Field and laboratory experiment commenced fully

8. BIOREMEDIATION AS A CLEAN UP TECHNOLOGY.
Natural attenuation
Bio stimulation
Bio augmentation

9. TYPES OF NUTRIENT AMENDMENTS
Organic nutrients
Inorganic nutrients

10. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BIOREMEDIATION SUCCESS
TABLE 3. PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS NECESSARY FOR BIOREMEDIATION ADAPTED FROM VIDALI 2001
Parameters Conditions required for
microbial activity
Optimum value for organic
pollutant degradation
Soil moisture 25 - 28% of water holding
capacity
30 – 90%
Soil pH 5.5 – 8.8 6.5 to 8.0
Oxygen content Aerobic, minimum air filled pore
space of 10%
10 – 40%
Nutrient content N and P for microbial growth C:N:P=100:10:1
Temperature 15 – 45 20 – 30
Heavy metals
Type of soil
Total content – 2000 ppm
Low clay or sill content
700 ppm
700

11. CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATION
 It is environmentally unfriendly
 It is relatively scarce and costly

12. BIOLOGICAL WASTE AS AMENDMENTS FOR ENHANCED BIOREMEDIATION
The waste serves as bulky agents which helps to increase
porosity and permeability of the crude oil polluted
environment which in turns promotes the free movement of
oxygen, nitrogen and other nutrients thereby making it more
accessible to the microorganisms.
The waste encompasses the activation of the activities of
critical soil enzymes which would ultimately increase microbial
population

13. SOURCES OF BIO WASTE
TABLE 4. WASTE BIOMASS RESOURCES ADAPTED FROM UNEP 2009
SOURCE WASTE
Cassava Cassava mesocap
Coconut Fronds, husk, ground
Corn Cob, Stover, stalks, leaves
Cotton Stalks
Cow Cow dung
Goat Goat droppings
Nuts Hulls
Peanuts Shells
Rice Hull, hush, straw, stalks
Sugar cane Bagasse
Wood Sawdust

14. PREDOMINANT MICROORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR
CRUDE OIL DEGRADATION.
Acinethobacter sp
Actinobacter sp
Acaligenes sp
Arthrobacter sp
Bacillus sp
Berigerinckia sp
Flavobacterium sp
Methylosinus sp
Mycococcus sp
Nitrosomonas sp
Norcardia sp
Penicillum sp
Planerochaete sp
Psudomonas sp
Rhizoctoma sp
Seratia sp
Xanthofacter sp (B Pandey et al, 2012).

15. WHY GREEN TECHNOLOGY?
 Sustainability: the process does produce waste that have no adverse and after effect to the
environment. It is environmental friendly.
 Viability: it is a technique that aims at creating a center of economic activity around
technologies in terms of pollution control that benefits the environment, speeding
implementation and creating new sub discipline careers that truly protects the planet.
 Innovation: it provides alternatives to other techniques such as the use inorganic fertilizers as
bio stimulants that have been demonstrated to damage health and the environment.
 Cost: it is cost effective.
 Acceptance: it is an accepted practice by most individuals due to it’s safe processes and
operation.
 Ease of operation: it doesn't disrupts everyday activities while been carried out. Etc.
 Profit: it is a process that aims at improving the economy of a nation financially.
 Effectiveness: it is an effective technique that solely reduces contaminants in pollution control
to a save level.

16. MECHANISM OF OIL BIODEGRADATION- A
MICROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Microorganisms uses the crude oil as an energy source by feeding on them just as we eat food
to get energy but this crude oil lacks some elemental nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus
which can only be supplied only by bio stimulants(waste) just as we also need vitamins to
supplement the food we eat.

17. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATION
(MICROORGANISMS HAVING FUN)
GGGFBHBF
Fig 1. Diagrams showing the mechanisms of operation of microorganisms during bio stimulation
in an enhanced bioremediation process.
Source. Google downloads.

18. CONTESTS OF USING BIO WASTE
 The usage of bio waste requires a long time to achieve optimum results.
 It requires extensive monitoring.
 The process lack control after the application of the nutrients.
 It is a dynamic process, it is difficult to predict future effectiveness.

20. FUTURE PROSPECTS
 The use of bio surfactants should be considered as a
nutrient amendment process.
 Molecular analysis of microbial activity during a
bioremediation process should be look into.

21. CONCLUSION
Organic waste can improve microbial growth.
Biotechnology is a safe practice.
Inorganic fertilizers should be avoided.
Public awareness should be created.
Pollution should be avoided.

22. REFERENCES
Alfred, O. U. (2011). Bioremediation strategies for oil polluted marine ecosystems. Australian.
Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 12: 161-162.
Chikere, C. B., Okpokwasili., G. C. and Chikere, B. O. (2011). Monitoring of microbial
hydrocarbon remediation in soil. 3 Biotech. 1 (3): 117-138.
Pandey, B. and Fulekar. (2012). Bioremediation technology: A new horizon for environmental
cleanup. Biology and medicine. 4: 53-56.

23. THANKS A LOT FOR
YOUR ATTENTION.