This document discusses bioremediation, which uses living organisms like microbes and plants to break down and consume environmental pollutants. It can be done through microbial remediation using intrinsic or engineered microbes, or phyto-remediation using plants. Methods include in-situ techniques like bioventing and biosparging as well as ex-situ ones like biopiles and landfarming. While bioremediation is natural and can control pollution, it is limited to biodegradable wastes and specific processes, and ex-situ methods may disperse pollutants.

1. BIOREMEDIATION
Prepared by
Prashant Dahal
BSc. Microbiology
Sunsari Technical College

2. EARTH WITHOUT HUMAN

3. EARTH DUE TO HUMAN

4. Main cause for change is “POLLUTION”
To secure the future of not the EARTH but of HUMAN
it is now compulsory to immediately control
“POLLUTION” and reverse the scenario to original
Mother nature has developed a system to reverse the
case; i.e. BIOREMEDIATION

5. INTRODUCTION
BIOREMEDIATION
Grk. Bios = living Lt. Remedialis = Curing / healing
Simply, use of living organisms (microbes & plants)
to consume and break down env. pollutants, &
restoring or cleaning polluted sites
Biological catalysts acts on pollutants, thereby eliminating
contaminants present in environments

7. Principle
Based on principle of biodegradation. The process
utilize microbes (or plants) for pollutant degradation
inoculated via natural attenuation, bioaugmentation or
biostimualtion. The wates are degraded by
biodeterioration and biodegradation method.
 At favourable condition, microbes consume the
contaminants and convert them into harmless organic or
inorganic byproducts.

8. Broad category
 Based on types of living organisms used;
1. Microbial remediation
2. Phyto-remediation
a. Rhizosphere biodegradation
b. Phyto-stabilization
c. Phyto-accumulation
d. Phyto-volatilization
e. Phyto-degradation
f. Rhizofiltration (Hydroponic system)
g. Hydraulic control

9. Types / Methods

10. Types:
1. Intrinsic in-situ
(naturally occuring
microbes are used)
2. Engineered
(accelerated) in-situ
(bio-engineered
microbes are introduced
and growth of microbes
are encouraged by
supplying growth
promoters)
Techniques used;
1. Bio-venting
2. Bio-sparging
3. Bio-stimulation
4. Bio-augmentation
5. Bio-slurping
6. Phytoremediation
In-situ bioremediation

11. BIO-VENTING

12. BIO-sparging

13. BIO-VENTING

14. BIO-augmentation

15. Types:
1. Solid-phase (solid
organic wastes are used,
like: domestic &
agricultural waste,
industrial wastes,
sewage sludge,
municipal solid wastes)
2. Slurry-phase (liquid
suspensions are used, like:
sewage sludge, waste-
water, solids suspended on
water)
Techniques used;
1. Land- farming
(Bio-farming)
2. Bio-piles
3. Composting
4. Bio-reactors system
EX-situ bioremediation

16.  In-situ
 Minimal site disruption
 Minimal exposure to public
and personnel
 Low cost
 Larger vol. can be covered
 No-pretreatment
 Time consuming
 Seasonal effect
 Lack of innate microbes
 Uncontrollable
 Ex-situ
 Excavation of soils
 Risk of exposure
 High cost
 Limited amount
 Pretreatment
 Faster
 Environmental control
 Different types of
contaminants at a time
 Additional microbes

17. BIO-farming

19. BIO-piles

21. BIO-reactor system
Aerated- lagoon

23.  Advantages
1. natural, eco-friendly
method
2. Stabilization & termination
of toxic pollutants
3. Control pollution effects
4. Cheaper, easier, faster
 Disadvantages
1. Limited to biodegradable
wastes
2. Specific processes
3. Ex-situ can disperse
pollutants
4. Toxicity and
bioavailability of
biodegradable products
are not always known