In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
The process of reproducing digital images on physical surfaces is called Digital Printing. The physical surfaces can be in any form like a common paper, cloth, plastic, a photographic paper, film, etc.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
The process of reproducing digital images on physical surfaces is called Digital Printing. The physical surfaces can be in any form like a common paper, cloth, plastic, a photographic paper, film, etc.
Dyeing fault causes and remedies
Dyeing Fault:
Uneven dyeing:
Causes
•Due to improper pretreatment.
• Very rapid addition of dyes and chemicals.
• Lack of controlling dyeing parameters
Remedies
•Check addition of dyes and chemicals are at a steadily
increasing rate.
•Proper pretreatments.
•Check the rope turnover time.
•Proper washing after dyeing.
Running shade:
Causes
•Machine loading is higher.
•Running at lower nozzle pressure.
•High bath draining temperature.
Remedies
•Proper cycle time should be ensured.
•Nozzle pressure should be accurate.
•Bath draining temperature should be moderate.
Its a chapter related to Flammability.
Check the channel for details video in Bengali for this chapter
https://www.youtube.com/c/SaifulsClassroom
t.ly/wVzG
Moisture management and wicking behaviour of textilesBadanayak
A seminar entitled 'Moisture management and wicking behaviour of textiles', presented in department of Textile and Apparel Designing, College of Community Science, UAS, Dharawad, by Pratikhya Badanayak and Dr. Jyoti Vastrad.
Dyeing fault causes and remedies
Dyeing Fault:
Uneven dyeing:
Causes
•Due to improper pretreatment.
• Very rapid addition of dyes and chemicals.
• Lack of controlling dyeing parameters
Remedies
•Check addition of dyes and chemicals are at a steadily
increasing rate.
•Proper pretreatments.
•Check the rope turnover time.
•Proper washing after dyeing.
Running shade:
Causes
•Machine loading is higher.
•Running at lower nozzle pressure.
•High bath draining temperature.
Remedies
•Proper cycle time should be ensured.
•Nozzle pressure should be accurate.
•Bath draining temperature should be moderate.
Its a chapter related to Flammability.
Check the channel for details video in Bengali for this chapter
https://www.youtube.com/c/SaifulsClassroom
t.ly/wVzG
Moisture management and wicking behaviour of textilesBadanayak
A seminar entitled 'Moisture management and wicking behaviour of textiles', presented in department of Textile and Apparel Designing, College of Community Science, UAS, Dharawad, by Pratikhya Badanayak and Dr. Jyoti Vastrad.
Optimization of ABE Fermentation from Rice Husk Medium using Clostridium acet...pranavdadhich
A chemically defined medium was optimised for the biomass production of Clostridium acetobutylicum in the fermentor using rice husk as the carbon source.
Bamboo fibre is actually a bio degradable fibre...... To know more you can read
https://skeducation-blogs.blogspot.com/2023/10/bamboo-fibre.html
Bamboo fibre is produced from bamboo plant. As a fibre, bamboo is a natural cellulosic regenerated bio-degradable environment friendly textile material. It is not only a green fibre but it has also inherent property of antibacterial and UV-protective property. It is pro-duced through some process. Firstly, Starchy pulp is produced from bamboo stems and leaves through a process of alkaline hydrolysis and multi-phase bleaching. Further chemical process produces bamboo fibre finally. It is very useful due to high tensile strength, stability and durability.
Effect of Alternative Scouring Agents on Dyeing Properties of Cotton/Polyeste...IOSR Journals
This research comprises of six alternative agents ((NH4)2C2O4, liquid NH3, CH3COOH, NH4OH, (COOH) 2, CH3CH2OH) at various concentrations of 1-5% used as scouring agents with NaOH as control on cotton/polyester blend fabric. The samples were bleached, mercerized and dyed. The suitability and reliability of the agents were evaluated for dyeing properties of the treated fabric. Water imbibing properties of the treated fabric, was investigated. The experimental results showed that the percentage exhaustion of indigo dye on the treated fabric were wonderful with values far above average (86.8-62.6%) except for 1% (NH4)2C2O4 that recorded slightly below average (49.7%). 2% liquid NH3 ranked the highest. The wash fastness is another interesting results where only 1-5% liquid NH3, 2% and 4% (NH4)2C2O4 that gave a grey scale rating for wash fastness of 4 (very good). The other alternative agents strongly competed at various concentrations with the control which revealed a rating of 5 (excellent wash fastness). 4% (NH4)2C2O4 scoured fabrics recorded the highest water of imbibitions (2.9 g). This implies that the alternative agents are suitable and reliable as impurity-removing (scouring) agents. The alternative agents improved the dyeing and water imbibing properties of the treated fabric far better than the control. Therefore could be employed in the textile industry.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SOME OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KENAF/POLY...IAEME Publication
Plant fibers are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The main advantage of employing natural fibers is that these are biodegradable and renewable and exhibit low cost, low density and high toughness. The proposed work focuses on the development of cellulose composites using Kenaf fibers. The kenaf plant (hibiscus cannabinus) belongs to Malvaceae family. In this work a study on the feasibility of extracting cellulose from plant fiber will be carried out by a chemical procedure, water pre hydrolysis. The composites will be prepared by using cellulose by using hand-layup technique. The composites are characterized by means tensile test based on ASTM standard.
A STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TREATED PALM SEED FIBER EPOXY COMPOSITEJournal For Research
Synthetic fibers composite fibers are more widely used because of its great property. Natural fiber epoxy composite is found to be an effective replacement of some kind of synthetic materials. Oil palm seed fiber is chosen as fiber because of its easy availability, less cost compared to other fibers, renewable, environment friendly, non-abrasive, biodegradable and enhanced properties. Palm seed fiber being available easily is also a disposal of fiber from its industries. Being a green composite 0il palm seed fiber epoxy composite was fabricated. In this paper chemical treatment with NaOH and H2O2 and mechanical properties of oil palm seed fiber epoxy composite was studied along with the morphological analysis of SEM images were conducted. Chemical treatments provided better adhesion between the fiber and matrix.
Highperformance&colour strength behavior of bambo or opolyester blendedwo...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this work, theHigh performance &colour strength Behaviourof bamboo & polyester woven fabrics have been studied in relation to weave and % of component fibers in the blends. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as weave and the constituent fiberscharacteristics on the fabric properties such as anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability, dye take up and capillarity havebeen studied. The experimental results show that 2/30s bamboo in warp way of twill woven fabric exhibits higher anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability , dye take up and capillaritywhen compared to other samples Keywords: high performance, colour strength, weave type, % component fibres, anti-bacterial activity, ultra-violet protection ability and dye take up.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Mechanical Characterization of Biodegradable Linen Fiber CompositesIJMER
Abstract: The conventional materials like iron, mild steel, cast iron etc are having good mechanical properties. Hence they are widely used in structural engineering applications. These conventional materials have some defects like formation of rust, low weight to strength ratio, high production cost. To overcome these defects, engineers started fabricating composite materials. Composites exhibit peculiar properties like different strengths in different directions, rust resistant, high strength to weight ratio, but they pollute the environment. Now the natural fibre composites are widely used in automobile industry. The natural fibres and resins are used to fabricate an eco friendly composite material. Lack of resources and increasing environmental pollution has evoked great interest in the research of materials that are
friendly to our health and environment. Bio polymer composites fabricated from natural fibres is currently
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Viscose is a man-made cellulosic fibre and the third most commonly used in the world. Often seen as a vegan alternative to silk due to its properties, viscose can have severe impacts on forests, workers and local communities. Learn more about what to consider while developing a collection with viscose.
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Bio-processing of green Bamboo Textile
1. BY:- HATHISINGWALA MOH.JAVED Y
ME part: III/IV
Under the Guidance of:- Dr. J.N SHAH
Year-2014
Department of Textile Chemistry
Faculty of Technology & Engineering
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
20th AUGEST-2014
STUDIES ON
BIO-PROCESSING
OF
GREEN BAMBOO TEXTILES
2. Introduction
Scope Of The Present Study
Literature Review
Plan Of Work
Experimental
Results & Discussion
Summary & Conclusions
References
Acknowledgement
3. Bio processing - great potential for industries
The bulk part of textile production migrates to the
developing world, partially because of stricter
environmental regulations in the industrialized
countries. The developing world has the possibility to
create a unique competitive advantage by promoting
environmentally sustainable production process based
on Biotechnology
Bamboo plant does not need any pesticides &
insecticides & fungicide to grow of plant so it’s called as
green plant.
Textiles made of bamboo fiber are eco-friendly.
4.
5. Bamboo is the general name used for a number of
perennial, woody-stemmed grasses
They are a popular landscape plant because they
grow rapidly, are evergreens, and create a tropical
or exotic atmosphere.
They are often marketed as alternative, fast-
growing privacy screens. Basically bamboo is a
grass; it is the world’s fastest growing ‘Woody
Plant’.
7. Mechanical
Bamboo plant is crushed into a pulp
Natural enzymes are used to form a mushy substance
Fibers are combed out
Fibers are spun into yarn
8.
9. Chemically
Bamboo leaves & trunk are extracted and crushed.
Crushed bamboo cellulose is soaked in a solution of 20% NaOH
at a temp at 20°C for 3 hours to form alkali cellulose.
Then pressed to remove any excess NaOH solution.
The alkali cellulose is crushed by a grinder and left to dry for 24
hours.
CS2 is added to the bamboo alkali cellulose to sulphurize the
compound and become jelly.
10. ……..Chemically
Remaining CS2 is removed by evaporation
Formation of cellulose sodium xanthogenate
A diluted solution of NaOH is added to the cellulose
sodium xanthogenate dissolving it to create a viscose
solution consisting of about 5% NaOH and 7% to 15%
bamboo fiber cellulose.
The viscose bamboo cellulose is forced through spinneret
nozzles into a large container of a diluted H2SO4 solution.
It hardens the viscose bamboo cellulose sodium
xanthogenate and reconverts it to cellulose bamboo fibers
which are spun into yarns to be woven.
12. Cellulose , 73.83
Hemicellulose
12.49
Lignin 10.15
Pectin 0.37 Aqueous extract
3.16
REFRENCE:- Wang Y. “Structure of Bamboo Fibre for Textiles”. Textile Research
Journal.2009; 334-343.
13. Typical Layout of Wet Spinning Process
WEAVING
Bamboo fibers have some properties that are not feasible i.e. it
is sensitive to moisture regain and become weak as it moisture
regain increase. So during the whole process the suitable rate of
moisture regains is 8%-9%.
14. The Longitudinal View of Bamboo Fiber Bundle
REFRENCE:- Dr Shah J N and Dr Shah S R. ˝Bamboo: The Green Fibre of 21st Centu
Characteristics and Structure”. Bangladesh Textile Today.Dec.2012; 39.
15. Crystalline structure
According to results of XRD, although the crystalline
structure of the bamboo fiber belongs to cellulose I, it is
not the same as those of flax, cotton and ramie
completely.
XRD Graphs of the Fibers: Bamboo Fiber, Flax, Ramie and Jute
Fibers
16. In the angle of diffraction peaks, quite similar to that of wood, which
shows overlapping of the diffraction peaks at (101) and (101) lattice plane.
It may be because of a high percentage of amorphous hemi cellulose and
lignin in the bamboo fiber. In addition, the degree of crystallinity of the
bamboo fibers is lower than those of the flax and cotton, and similar to
that of jute.
The low degree of crystallinity (52.54%) for the bamboo fiber may be due
to lot of substances grown with cellulose resultantly disturbing the
formation of the cellulose crystalline structure during the growth of
bamboo and about 20% of lignin and hemi cellulose residuals in fiber
will effect testing results to some extent
REFRENCE:- Dr Shah J N and Dr Shah S R. ˝Bamboo: The Green Fibre of 21st
Century; Characteristics and Structure”. Bangladesh Textile Today.Dec.2012; 39
17. Degree of polymerization (DP)
DP of the bamboo fiber is close to that of the jute fiber, but lower than those of
flax and ramie, and far lower than that of cotton. The lower DP would usually
lead to lower tenacity for the fibers.
The DP of cellulose in fiber also is dependent on its surroundings. Higher the
lignin content is in the plant, the lower the DP of cellulose may be because of
disturbance created by the non-cellulose substances during polymerization,
this can be proved by the group of weak cellulose characteristic absorption
peaks at the wave numbers of 1032–1158cm–1 in the infrared spectrum of the
bamboo fiber (figure-10), also, by fibre size
The Infrared Spectra of the Fibers
23. The present study we carried out
pretreatment, dyeing & finishing of bamboo
fabric MANUFACTURED FROM natural
resources.
Enzymes
Natural dye
Natural finishing agent
Comparison of the results between natural
wet processing & conventional wet processing
of bamboo fabric
24. Main object is to produced 100% eco-friendly
bamboo fabric ---- NO hazards chemicals.
Save energy & eliminate harmful effect of
effluent to preserve the green status of earth.
26. Literature surveyed based on green status of bamboo textile.
Manufacturing of bamboo fiber
Conventional process of bamboo textile & it’s involves hazard
Development of areas of bamboo fiber processing
Green wet processing of textiles.
Bamboo processing presently is not eco-friendly
We survey the eco-friendly process & also various enzymes to eliminate
sodium hydroxide with enzymes.
We survey the three natural dye which produced some herbal properties
on bamboo textile.
We survey natural finishing agent ALOE VERA which impart the
special antimicrobial properties on bamboo textile.
27. Out come of Literature review
oxidative bleaching are carried out using hydrogen peroxide in
conventional method.
Enzymes is a specialized protein produced within an organism
which is capable of catalyzing specific chemical reaction i.e.
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, etc.
Factors affecting enzyme activity are effect of temperature, Effect
of pH, Effect of activators, Redox potential,
In the present study hemicellulase, cellulase & pectinase enzymes
are used to process of eco-friendly pretreatment of bamboo fabric.
Pectinases capable of hydrolyzing pectinic substances are
generally enzyme complexes containing esterases and
depolymerases with random or terminal activities.