This document provides information about bamboo fiber, including its structure, manufacturing process, properties, uses, and advantages/disadvantages. Bamboo fiber is a cellulosic fiber produced from bamboo plants through an alkaline hydrolysis and bleaching process. It has properties such as good moisture absorption, biodegradability, and antibacterial effects. Common uses of bamboo fiber include clothing, towels, masks, and furnishings due to its softness and sustainability. Advantages include sweat absorption and UV resistance while disadvantages include potential pilling and shrinkage.

1. AN ASSIGNMENT
ON
BAMBOO FIBER
Course No: TE-2603
Course Title:
Fibrous Materials & Textile Physics-2
Submitted To:
Abu Yousuf Mohammad Anwarul
Azim, CSCA
Assistant Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering &
Technology(DUET) Gazipur-1707
Submitted By:
Md. Jashiar Rahman
Student’s ID: 175058
Year/Semester: 2nd
/2nd
Session: 2018-19
Department: Textile Engineering

2. Introduction of Bamboo fiber:
Bamboo botanically categorized as a grass and not a tree, bamboo just might be
the world’s most sustainable resource. It is the fastest growing grass and can shoot
up a yard or more a day. The first patents for bamboo paper occurred in 1864 and
1869.Mordern bamboo clothing was first introduced by Beijing University but
commercial use increased during 2004-2010.
Bamboo fibers are cellulosic fibers produced from bamboo plant a type of grass. It
is a great prospective green fiber with outstanding biodegradable textile material,
having strength comparable to conventional glass fibers. Bamboo used for fiber
preparation is usually 3-4 years old. Fiber is produced through alkaline hydrolysis
and multi-phase bleaching of bamboo stems and leaves followed by chemical
treatment of starchy pulp generated during process. Bamboo fiber has various
micro-gaps, which make it softer than cotton and increase its moisture absorption.
Bamboo fibers are gaining more and more attention on the world market.
Producers claim that their products are made from natural, ecological material of
many exceptional properties characteristic for natural bamboo fibers. There are
many obscurities involving bamboo fibers, which lead potential clients to
misunderstandings. In the world a campaign is underway to reveal the truth
behind these questionable fibers.
Bamboo fibers &Textiles are used in bed linen, bath robes, flannels, bath mats,
towels, aprons, oven gloves, tea towels, nappies, sanitary napkins, intimate
apparels, include sweaters, bath-suits, blankets, underwear, swimwear, tight t-
shirt, socks, bandages, mask, surgical cloths, wall paper, curtains & furnishing
fabrics.

3. Structure of bamboo fiber:
Chemical structure of bamboo fiber
Chemical composition of bamboo fiber:
Constituents Percentage
Cellulose 73.83
Hemi-Cellulose 12.49
Lignin 10.14
Aqueous Extract 3.16
Pectin 0.37
Manufacturing processing of bamboo fiber:
Bamboo fiber is a kind of regenerated fiber, which is produced from raw materials
of bamboo pulp. Firstly, bamboo pulp is refined from bamboo through a process
of hydrolysis alkalization and multi-phase bleaching. Pulp is then processed in the
normal root to produce fiber.
The type of bamboo is used for making fabric is commonly known as “Meso”. It
can reach to a height of 75 feet in just 45–60 days. Bamboo not only grows quickly
but rarely needs pesticides. If there is sufficient rainfall, no additional irrigation is
required. It regenerates naturally through an extensive root system that sends
out an average of four to six new shoots per year.
Bamboo fiber products process 3 times more effective antibacterial property, 12

4. times more effective antistatic property, 60% more effective improvement in
hygroscopic properties and 30% more effective improvement in deodorization
properties as compared with cotton products.
Regenerated bamboo fibers can be manufactured by mechanical or
chemical processing:
The Mechanical Process:
In mechanical processing, harvested and crushed bamboo wood is initially treated
with natural enzymes that break down bamboo into a soft material. Next, natural
fibers can be mechanically combed to obtain individual fibers, followed by yarn
spinning. The fabric manufactured through this process is often called bamboo
linen, and this process is considered environmentally friendly because no harmful
chemicals are used.
The Chemical Process
Stepwise Production of regenerated bamboo fibers:
Preparation
↓
Steeping
↓
Pressing
↓
Shredding
↓
Ageing
↓
Sulfurization
↓
Xanthation

5. ↓
Dissolving
↓
Spinning
Preparation: Extraction and crushing of bamboo leaves and the soft, inner pit
from a hard bamboo trunk.
Steeping: Crushed bamboo cellulose is soaked in a solution of 15%–20% NaOH at
a temperature of between 20°C and 25°C for 1–3 hours to form alkali
cellulose.
Pressig: Bamboo alkali cellulose is pressed to remove excess NaOH solution.
Shredding: Alkali cellulose is shredded by a grinder to increase the surface area
and make the cellulose easier to process.
Ageing: Shredded alkali cellulose is left to dry for 24 h to be in contact with the
oxygen of the ambient air. This degradation is controlled to produce
chain lengths short enough to produce correct viscosities in the spinning
solution.
Sulfurization: In this stage, carbon disulfide is added to the bamboo alkali
cellulose to sulfurize the compound, causing it to jell.
Xanthation: The remaining carbon disulfide from the sulfurization is removed by
evaporation due to decompression and cellulose sodium
xanthogenate is the result .
Dissolving: A diluted solution of NaOH is added to the cellulose sodium
xanthogenate, dissolving it to create a viscose solution cosisting of
about 5% NaOH and 7%–15% bamboo fiber cellulose.

6. Spinning: After subsequent ripening, filtering and degassing, the viscose bamboo
cellulose is forced through spinneret nozzles into a large container of
diluted sulfuric acid solution which hardens the viscose bamboo
cellulose sodium xanthate and reconverts it into cellulose bamboo fibre
threads which are spun into bamboo fiber yarns.
Properties of Bamboo fiber:
1. Biodegradable
2. Natural anti-bacterial.
3. Environment Friendly.
4. Breathable cool.
5. Soft hand feel.
6. Natural thermal regulator.
7. Shiny appearance.
Characteristics of Bamboo Fiber:
Softness: The fibers of bamboo are regenerated cellulose fibers, so they are soft
and healthy for the skin like cotton.
Luster: Bamboo fibers have a bright color and a special luster like silk.
Anti-bacterial: Bamboo is rarely eaten by pests or infections from pathogens
because bamboo possesses antibacterial substance and a
biological agent called Bamboo Kun. This substance binds with the
bamboo cellulose molecule tightly throughout the bamboo fiber
production process.

7. Moisture absorption: Bamboo fibers have excellent absorption and ventilation
because the cross-section of bamboo fibers is filled with
fine gaps and various tiny holes. This gives a feeling of
relief, especially on hot summer days.
Resistant to static electricity: Bamboo fibers do not contain a free electron, so
they are resistant to static electricity and do not
cling to the skin.
Durability: Bamboo fibers are as durable as jute fibers.
Dyeing ability: Fibers of bamboo have good dyeing properties and colorfastness.
Eco-friendliness: Textiles made from bamboo fiber is biodegradable. It can be
100% decomposed in the soil by microorganisms and sunlight.
Physical properties of bamboo fiber:
Properties Data
Dry tensile strength(cN/dtex) 2.33
Wet tensile strength(cN/dtex) 1.37
Dry elongation at break(%) 23.8
Linear density (%deviation) 1.8
Percentage length deviation 1.8
Over length staple fibers (%) 0.2
Whiteness (%) 69.6
Moisture Regain 13.03
Oil content 0.17

8. Mechanical properties of bamboo fiber:
Properties Natural bamboo Reformed bamboo
Fiber value fraction 29.2% 43.46%
Shrinkage co-efficent 0.663 0.446
Density 0.66g/cc 0.87g/cc
Tensile Strength 206.2MPa 215.5MPa
Tensile Modulus 20.1GPa 29GPa
Flexural Strength 210.3MPa 276.6MPa
Flexural Modulus 13.1GPa 23.2GPa
Compressive strength 78.7MPa 104.7MPa
BAMBOO-COTTON: (60%-40%)
Woven Fabric
Good Hand Feel
High Quality
Naturally Anti-Bacterial
Easy Washable and Dye
BAMBOO – VISCOSE: (55% - 45%)
Dye Easily
Breathable
Thermal Regulating
Moisture Absorbent

9. Uses of Bamboo Fiber :
Skin Care Products:
1. Natural sterilisation properties make it ideal for products like:
bandages, masks, surgical clothes/operating gowns, nurses’ wear, Bathroom
Products.
2. Excellent anti-bacterial and moisture absorption properties make it ideal
for products like:
Bath and hand towels and bath robes, Swimwear, Underwear, T-shirts,
Children's clothes,Anti UV Products
3. Bamboo's anti UV properties make it ideal for products like:
Wall paper (will not discolor), Curtains Wallpapers, Anti Damp Products.
4. Bamboo will not go moulding in damp conditions which makes it ideal
for products like:
Curtains, Furnishing fabrics.
Advantage of Bamboo fiber:
1. Sweat absorption:
Due to the high hollowness of the natural cross section of bamboo fiber, the
capillary effect is very strong, which can instantly evaporate perspiration. Among
all the natural fibers, bamboo fiber has the strongest sweat absorbing ability.
2. UV resistance:
UV penetration on bamboo fiber fabrics is much lower than 1%

10. 1.Green:
The main raw material of bamboo fiber is bamboo. The growth cycle of bamboo
is short, the growth rate is fast, the distribution is wide, and the adaptability is
strong. It is more environmentally friendly than the Tencel fiber produced by
refining wood. Moreover, bamboo fiber textiles can be naturally degraded in the
soil and will not pollute the environment after decomposition. The raw materials
are natural, environmentally friendly and non-polluting, in line with the needs of
modern people.
4. Health care body
Modern medicine believes that the antioxidant compounds in bamboo can
effectively remove free radicals and ester peroxidases in the body, which can delay
skin aging and allergic skin can still be used. In addition, the small holes inside the
bamboo fiber can also absorb harmful gases in the air, which is very beneficial to
human health.
Disadvantage of Bamboo fiber:
1. Bamboo fiber is a fabric with the same advantages and disadvantages. Bamboo
fiber and tencel belong to the same kind of viscose staple fiber. Any short fiber will
pilling, so it is slightly worse than pure cotton fiber in pilling performance. It takes
a long time to easily rub the hair ball. With the continuous improvement of
production technology, this pilling problem has also been greatly improved, but it
also destroys the inherent feel and drapability of bamboo fiber to some extent.
2. Bamboo fiber, like other viscose fibers, has good water absorption, can absorb
a large amount of water in an instant, and the volume will expand accordingly. After
drying, as the water is lost, the fiber shrinks, resulting in shrinkage. Therefore, the
shrinkage rate will be slightly larger. In addition, the bamboo fiber will suddenly
become lower when it absorbs water, which is less than 70% of the original.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the washing method.