Emerging fiber of the century bamboo

International INTERNATIONAL Journal of Advanced JOURNAL Research OF ADVANCED in Engineering RESEARCH and Technology IN (IJARET), ENGINEERING
ISSN 0976 –
6480(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6499(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 19-25 © IAEME
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET)
ISSN 0976 - 6480 (Print)
ISSN 0976 - 6499 (Online)
Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 19-25
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IJARET
© I A E M E
EMERGING FIBER OF THE CENTURY- BAMBOO
SHIVARAJ R. KULKARNI1, SHAHEEDA BANU. S2
1Asst. Director, Dept of Textiles GOK, Bellary, KARNATAKA
2Faculty, MBA Department, RYMEC, Bellary, KARNATAKA
19
ABSTRACT
In the last few years in the world market, more and more products from so-called bamboo
fibers have been produced. In the media, a campaign promoting their advantages is underway, which
encourages companies to elevate the prices of the “new” product. As a grass, bamboo can grow in
very hard conditions without any need of pesticides and herbicides. Bamboo is the fastest growing
plant in the world - some species grow even one meter per day. It is one of the fastest growing plants
and available in abundance in many counties. Because of being naturally abundant, cheap and also
ecological Bamboo fiber has gained in popularity in the production of a wide range of knitted fabrics
in recent years. It is very common to blend existing fiber types to acquire fabrics with enhanced
performance and improved aesthetic qualities as well as low cost. Bamboo fiber is frequently being
used in blends with Cotton in textile industry. Since Bamboo fiber resembles like Cotton in its
cellulosic structure, Bamboo together with cotton fiber will be compatible blends. This paper
discusses about the emergence of bamboo as a fiber.
Keywords: Bamboo, Fiber, Cotton, Blend and Textile Industry.
INTRODUCTION
Bamboo fiber is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber, whose production is from Bamboo
pulp. It is one of the fastest growing plants and available in abundance in many counties. Because of
being naturally abundant, cheap and also ecological Bamboo fiber has gained in popularity in the
production of a wide range of knitted fabrics in recent years. It is very common to blend existing
fiber types to acquire fabrics with enhanced performance and improved aesthetic qualities as well as
low cost. Bamboo fiber is frequently being used in blends with Cotton in textile industry. Since
Bamboo fiber resembles like Cotton in its cellulosic structure, Bamboo together with cotton fiber
will be compatible blends.

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 –
The amount of positive aspects of bamboo fibers is quite exceptional:
Natural antibacterial and antifungal properties, making clothes made from bamboo fibers
hygienic and odour resistant. However, this effect starts after fifty washings;
Smoothness, proving bamboo fibers to be non irritating for sensitive skin;
Bamboo fabric is soft and silky with a natural sheen, making it close to natural silk but less
20
expensive and more durable;
Hypoalergic and deodorant properties;
High water absorption and fast drying caused by a high amount of microcracks and grooves
on the fiber’s surface;
Higher breathability and thermo regulating properties than cotton and even hemp. They are
also said to be 2 - 3 °C cooler than the surrounding temperature ;
High durability in comparison to other fibers.
UV protection abilities (SPF 15);
High sorption of dyes and better colour clarity;
Bamboo fabrics have low shrinkage;
Bamboo fiber does not need to be mercerized to receive natural lustre;
Clothes made from bamboo fiber are more wrinkle resistant than cotton and can be ironed at
lower temperatures;
Bamboo products are biodegradable and some companies have a utilization program that
allows consumers to return a worn-out product and buy another at a lower price, which is a
very
LITERATURE SURVEY
Now, through a modern manufacturing process, bamboo pulp is capable of producing
bamboo fibers for use in yarn and fabric. Bamboo fibers is a kind of regenerated cellulosic fibers
which is produced from raw material of bamboo pulp. Starchy pulp is produced through a process of
alkaline hydrolysis and multi-phase bleaching; further chemical processes produce bamboo fiber.
Bamboo can be spun purely or blended with other materials such as cotton, hemp, silk, lyocell and
modal. Cotton has been one of the most human friendly plant with its soft, luxury and hygienic touch
to the skin. The purpose of blending is to produce yarn with such qualities that cannot be obtained by
using one type of fiber alone. Blending is also practiced for reasons of economic production,
shortage of natural fibers, better performance in spinning, to improve the yarn strength, yarn
evenness, imperfection level etc.
Water rinising Dewatering Shanking Drying Combing
Figure 2.1: The Bamboo fiber production process
Bamboo preparing
Bamboo were split into
bamboo strips
Alkali degumming:
Caustic soda Concentration: 18 g/1
Degumming compound additive:12%
Time : 90 min
Temperature:1000C
Liquor ratio: 1-15
Acid rising
Glacial acetic acid
pH=5
Time:30 min

Erdumlu and Özipek analysed the general properties of bamboo fiber and its applications in
the textile industry. They produced 100% bamboo yarns of 6 different counts, using ring yarn
spinning technology. The test results were evaluated using the parameters of 100% viscose rayon
calculated by way of Uster statistics.
Gun et al has analyzed the dimensional and physical properties of plain knitted fabric
manufactured from 50/50 bamboo/cotton yarn and compared them with those of 50/50
viscose/cotton and 50/50 modal/cotton blended fabrics. They reported that fabrics made from these
three yarns had a similar appearance. The study analyzed the weight per unit area, thickness, bursting
strength, air permeability and pilling of the fabrics, and it was found that the weight, thickness and
air permeability was independent.
Blending in the cotton spinning process has the objective to produce yarn with acceptable
quality and reasonable cost. A good quality blend requires the use of adequate machines, objective
techniques to select bales and knowledge of its characteristics.
Blending different types of fibers is a widely practiced means of enhancing the performance
and the aesthetic qualities of a fabric. Blended yarns from natural and man-made fibers have the
particular advantage of successfully combining the good properties of both fiber components, such
as comfort of wear with easy care properties. These advantages also permit an increased variety of
products to be made, and yield a stronger marketing advantage
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MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
This deals with material selected and methods followed for experimental work.
3.1 Materials
Tables 3.1 shows the details of yarn samples for production, coding and samples used for
testing.
Group Code Details of Yarn Samples
Group I
A
B
24s Ne 100% Bamboo yarn produced in ring
spinning system.
24s Ne 50/50 Bamboo Cotton blended yarn
produced in ring spinning system.
Group II
A
B
spinning system.
Group III
A
B
spinning system.
3.1.1: Details of yarn production for experimental work
For this research study six yarn samples produced keeping blend ratio constant but 3 different
counts as well as same count yarn produced in 100% bamboo yarn also. For the experimental work
these samples are grouped in 3 groups as shown in table 3.1.

To produce 100% bamboo yarn of 24S Ne, 30S Ne and 40S Ne count following process
Draw Frame Blending
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parameters are followed.
3.1.2: Flow chart for sequence of machines to produce 100% Bamboo yarns of 24S Ne, 30S Ne
and 40S Ne count.
Pre opening of Bamboo bales for relaxation by hand
Hand or Machine mixing
Blow Room
Carding
Leveling Draw Frame
Speed Frame
Ring Frame
To Winding
3.1.3: Flow chart of machines and particulars used to produced 50/50 Bamboo/Cotton blended
yarn.
In this yarn samples produced in ring spinning using 50/50 Bamboo Cotton blended yarn
keeping blend ratio constant and draw frame blending is use with different counts.
3.1.4: Flow Chart of sequence of machines used to produce 50/50 Bamboo Cotton blended yarn
Mixing Mixing
Blow Room Blow Room
Carding Carding
SBD Draw Frame Leveling Draw Frame
Omega Lap LR
Speed Frame
Ring Frame
To Winding

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with results and discussion of yarn test report on various properties of
yarns of 100% Bamboo and 50/50 Bamboo Cotton blended yarns.
4.1: Effect of Bamboo fibers and blend ratio on Unevenness and Imperfection of yarns
Table 4.1: shows results of yarn unevenness and imperfection
Yarn Count 100%/Blend
Unevenness
Percentage
Thin Places
Thick
Places
Neps
24S 100% Bamboo 9.03 0 16 25
30S 100% Bamboo 9.19 0 12 47
40S 100% Bamboo 10.72 3 20 65
24S 50/50 B/C 9.26 0 17 32
30S 50/50 B/C 10.32 1 44 105
40S 50/50 B/C 10.17 2 31 82
When Bamboo fiber blended with Cotton the difference in their lengths causes floating fibers
and there by increases the unevenness. The unevenness percentage of Bamboo is less when
compared to blends statistically it is significant, but in case of 40S count blended yarn and 100%
Bamboo yarn has same U percentage. Imperfection is more and Cotton is blended with Bamboo in
the all counts. It is statistically significant.
Comparing imperfection of 100% Bamboo and blended yarn 100% Bamboo yarn gives better
result than Bamboo/Cotton. Because trash content will be very less in Bamboo.
4.2: Effect of Bamboo fibers and blend ratio on hairiness values
Yarn
Count (Ne)
100%/Blend Hairiness index
24S 100% Bamboo 5.52
30S 100% Bamboo 5.04
40S 100% Bamboo 4.03
24S 50/50 B/C 6.32
30S 50/50 B/C 4.42
40S 50/50 B/C 3.37
Yarn hairiness per 100 meter at 5 mm length as the proportion of Bamboo fiber increases the
hairiness decreases. Similarly increase in count will also reduce hairiness index. This is mainly
because Bamboo fibers are having longer length than Cotton. Hence short fibers are totally absent in
Bamboo fiber. For 40S count both yarn gives very good H.I. value when export oriented knitted
fabrics to be produced in that time H.I. value plays vital row. Hairiness will be reduce in Bamboo
and Bamboo blended Cotton yarns because Bamboo fibers are wrapped very easily in the main yarn
body when they emerge from front roller in ring frame thus the hairiness reduces. In case of
hairiness 24S count 100% Bamboo yarn shows superiority over blended yarn. But in case of 30S and
40S Blended yarn trend is showing superiority over 100% Bamboo yarn. This may be due to the
short fibers present in blended yarn is wrapped by long Bamboo fibers in these medium and finer
counts.

4.3: Effect of Bamboo fibers and blend ratio on Shape, D value, Deviation Rate
Here shape factor of yarn which indicates average yarn roundness over the entire test length
of yarn. These value corresponds to the ratio of short to long main axis of an ellipse. It is another
factor which influences appearance yarn.
D value stands main density of yarn over the entire length of the yarn calculated. D value
depends on degree of twist given to yarn there is a relation between density and hand value.
Deviation Rate described by water rate in percentage a certain marks deviation in percentage
has been exceeded. Standard D. R. used for yarns is of 1.5 meter cut length with plus or minus 5%
limit. Table 4.1 shows shape, D value and D.R. for different counts as well as 100% Bamboo and
50/50 Bamboo cotton blend yarn.
24
Yarn Count
(Ne)
Blend/100% Shape D.Value D.R
24S 100% Bamboo 0.83 0.54 27.6
30S 100% Bamboo 0.84 0.55 14.4
40S 100% Bamboo 0.84 0.79 31.1
24S 50/50 B/C 0.82 0.43 15.1
30S 50/50 B/C 0.85 0.52 33.6
40S 50/50 B/C 0.86 0.60 15.5
4.4: Effect of Bamboo fibers and blend ratio on C.S.P, Elongation and R.K.M Value
Yarn Count
(Ne)
Blend/100% C.S.P
R.K.M
Value
Elongation
24S 100% Bamboo 2110 16.33 13.08
30S 100% Bamboo 2076 14.74 14.7
40S 100% Bamboo 1904 14.64 13.01
24S 50/50 B/C 1956 12.51 6.0
30S 50/50 B/C 2115 12.63 4.71
40S 50/50 B/C 1894 12.20 4.6
Form the above table it clears that Bamboo fibers are having highest elongation percentage
when used as 100%. But when it is blended elongation percentage will reduces. With respect to
R.K.M value 100% Bamboo fibers shows good results in all the counts compare to blended. C.S.P
also falls on same line of R.K.M. and elongation. Because Bamboo fibers are having highest
Elongation percentage. 100% Bamboo fiber yarns shows superiority in strength in elongation in all
the counts. Which is statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
This chapter deals with conclusions from the result of obtained and discussions from previous
chapter. The following conclusions are found.
1. Yarns produced from 100% Bamboo and Bamboo/Cotton 50/50 blend are showing ideal
trend to proceed further and satisfy the need for knitting
2. Bamboo fiber blended yarns are having lower diameter than equivalent Bamboo/Cotton
blended yarns. The tenacity yarns spun from 50/50 Bamboo/Cotton blend is lower than 100%
Bamboo yarns. This happen due to large difference in breaking extension between Cotton and
Bamboo fibers.
3. The yarn Unevenness of 50/50 Bamboo/Cotton yarn is higher than 100% Bamboo.

4. The hairiness of Bamboo yarns much lower than of 50/50 Bamboo/Cotton blended yarns of
25
all the counts.
5. From the results and discussions it is clear that main motive of blending is to cost
minimization and to increase the utility of Bamboo with Cotton. The higher percentage
Bamboo with blend lesser will be cost of the product.
6. The blending of Bamboo fibers with Cotton in a blended yarn has a strong effect on various
properties of all three counts of yarns.
REFERENCES
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Biomass and Bioenergy Vol. 19 (2000) pp. 229-244.
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no. 26, 2002.
3. Erdumlu N., Ozipek B.; “Investigation of Regenerated Bamboo Fiber and Yarn
Characteristics”, Fibers Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol. 16, No. 4 (69) 2008, pp. 43-47.
4. Kongfi.com, http://www.kongfi.com/new2. htm, 2007.
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International Trade Commission, Investigation No: 332-465-007, 2005 June, pp. 1-4.
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13. Zhou X., Liu Z., Liu L., Geng H.; ”Yarn Comprising Bamboo Fiber and The Processing
Method Thereof”, United States Patent, Patent No: US7313906B2, 2008, 5 pages.
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Polymer Composite”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Technology
(IJMET), Volume 5, Issue 4, 2014, pp. 110 - 115, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6340, ISSN Online:
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15. Kedar Nath Das and Indramani Kandi, “Utility and Functional Characteristics of
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ISSN Print: 0976-6480, ISSN Online: 0976-6499.

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