The document defines a biome as an area defined by its climate and the plants and animals that live there. It discusses the two main factors that affect plant growth - sunshine and water - and how the type of plants that dominate an area determine what other species can survive there. The document then lists some common terrestrial biomes and threats they face like climate change, clear-cutting, overgrazing, pollution, and land development which can affect entire biomes. Next week's lesson will cover influential environmentalists and groups.
Use evidence to support arguments that changing any physical or biological component of an ecosystem may result in shifts in the populations of species in the ecosystem.
Factors that shape an environment. Abiotic and Biotic, organisms niche, interactions between species in communities, succession (primary and secondary).
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
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Use evidence to support arguments that changing any physical or biological component of an ecosystem may result in shifts in the populations of species in the ecosystem.
Factors that shape an environment. Abiotic and Biotic, organisms niche, interactions between species in communities, succession (primary and secondary).
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
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Environmental Science Table of Contents 37 L.docxYASHU40
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
It should be noted that diversity at one of these levels may
not correspond with diversity within other levels. The degree
of biodiversity, and thus the health of an ecosystem, is im-
pacted when any part of that ecosystem becomes endan-
gered or extinct.
The term species refers to a group of similar organisms that
reproduce among themselves. Species diversity refers to
the variation within and between populations of species, as
well as between different species. Sexual reproduction criti-
cally contributes to the variation within species. For exam-
ple, a pea plant that is cross-fertilized with another pea plant
can produce offspring with four different looks! This genetic
mixing creates the diversity seen today.
Figure 1: There are more than 32,000 species of
fish – more than any other vertebrate!
39
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity examines the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in
the biosphere, as well as variation within an individual ecosystem. The differences in rainforests and deserts
represent the variation between ecosystems. The physical characteristics that determine ecosystem diversity
are complex, and include biotic and abiotic factors.
? Did You Know...
A present day example of natural
selection can be seen in the cray-
fish population. The British crayfish
are crustaceans that live in rivers in
England. The American crayfish
was introduced to the same bodies
of water that were already populat-
ed by the British crayfish. The
American crayfish are larger, more
aggressive and carry an infection
that kills British crayfish but to
which they are immune. As a re-
sult, the British crayfish are de-
creasing in number and are ex-
pected to become extinct in Britain
within the next 50 years. Thus, the
American crayfish have a genetic
variation that gives them an ad-
vantage over the British crayfish to
survive and reproduce.
The variation of genes within individual ...
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- ENVIRONMENT,ECOSYSTEM AND BIODIVERSITY
- ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
- NATURAL RESOURCES
- SOCIAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENT
- HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Today’s objectivesToday’s objectives
What is a biome?What is a biome?
Compare biomesCompare biomes
Environmental threatsEnvironmental threats
to different biomesto different biomes
3. From last time…From last time…
Food chains and websFood chains and webs
All dependent upon theAll dependent upon the
producers, a.k.a. plantsproducers, a.k.a. plants
We could say then thatWe could say then that
the whole ecosystem isthe whole ecosystem is
dependent upon the typedependent upon the type
of plants that grow there.of plants that grow there.
4. Where would you find theseWhere would you find these
types of weather?types of weather?
Dry, Hot
Wet, Hot
Dry, Cool
5. Factors that affect plantsFactors that affect plants
Two biggest ones:Two biggest ones:
______________________________
______________________________
The type of plants determineThe type of plants determine
what other animals are ablewhat other animals are able
to survive in that area.to survive in that area.
6. Factors that affect plantsFactors that affect plants
Two biggest ones:Two biggest ones:
sunshinesunshine
waterwater
The type of plants determineThe type of plants determine
what other animals are ablewhat other animals are able
to survive in that area.to survive in that area.
7. BIOMESBIOMES
A biome is a type of area that is definedA biome is a type of area that is defined
by itsby its climateclimate andand type of animals andtype of animals and
plantsplants that live there.that live there.
Climates are general weather patterns overClimates are general weather patterns over
the course of a yearthe course of a year (because patterns can change(because patterns can change
from season to season)from season to season)
TemperaturesTemperatures
PrecipitationPrecipitation
10. Threats to BiomesThreats to Biomes
Global climate change can affect all climates andGlobal climate change can affect all climates and
hence all biomeshence all biomes
Clear-cuttingClear-cutting
Over-grazingOver-grazing
PollutionPollution
FarmingFarming
Land developmentLand development
Resource consumptionResource consumption
……
11.
12. Next weekNext week
Environmentalists through historyEnvironmentalists through history
Environmental groupsEnvironmental groups
