The document provides details about the tropical rainforest biome. It describes the climate, seasonal temperature ranges, topographical features, layers of the forest (emergent, canopy, understory, forest floor), insolation, examples of species found in rainforests like the frilled lizard, toucan, pitcher plants, and orchids. The rainforest has a warm, humid climate with high rainfall and temperatures that remain relatively constant year-round.

1. Tropical Rainforest By: Madison Webb and Amanda Granger
Biome

2. Description of Rainforest Biome
• A tropical rainforest is a type of biome found in hot, humid
environments in equatorial climates,The tropical rainforest is a
unique with a constant temperature and a high rainfall.
The temperature is warm because of it bring close to the
equator. Also the average temperature is about 25 degrees
celsius.
Words to describe it are: Dark, Damp, Humid, Lively,
Populated, Green, Vegetated, Amazing, and Beautiful.

3. Climate
• Rain forests belong to
the tropical wet climate
group. The temperature
in a rain forest rarely gets
higher than 93 °F (34 °C)
or drops below 68 °F (20
°C); average humidity is
between 77 and 88%;
rainfall is often more than
100 inches a year. There
is usually a brief season
of less rain. In monsoonal
areas, there is a real dry
season. Almost all rain
forests lie near the
equator

4. Seasonal
Temperature
Ranges
• Tropical Moist Climates (Af) rainforest
Average temperature: 18 ° C (° F)
Annual Precipitation: 262 cm. (103 in.)
Latitude Range: 10° S to 25 ° N
Global Position: Amazon Basin; Congo Basin of equatorial Africa; East Indies, from
Sumatra to New Guinea.
Wet-Dry Tropical Climates (Aw) savanna
Temperature Range: 16 ° C
Annual Precipitation: 0.25 cm. (0.1 in.). All months less than 0.25 cm. (0.1 in.)
Latitude Range: 15 ° to 25 ° N and S
Global Range: India, Indochina, West Africa, southern Africa, South America and the
north coast of Australia
Dry Tropical Climate (BW) desert biome
Temperature Range: 16° C
Annual Precipitation: 0.25 cm (0.1 in). All months less than 0.25 cm (0.1 in).
Latitude Range: 15° - 25° N and S.
Global Range: southwestern United States and northern Mexico; Argentina; north
Africa; south Africa; central part of Australia.
Dry Midlatitude Climates (BS) steppe
Temperature Range: 24° C (43° F).
Annual Precipitation: less than 10 cm (4 in) in the driest regions to 50 cm (20 in) in
the moister steppes.
Latitude Range: 35° - 55° N.
Global Range: Western North America (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, Great
Plains); Eurasian interior, from steppes of eastern Europe to the Gobi Desert and
North China.
Mediterranean Climate (Cs) chaparral biome
Temperature Range: 7 ° C (12 ° F)
Annual Precipitation: 42 cm (17 in).
Latitude Range: 30° - 50° N and S
Global Position: central and southern California; coastal zones bordering the
Mediterranean Sea; coastal Western Australia and South Australia; Chilean coast;
Cape Town region of South Africa.
Dry Midlatitude Climates (Bs) grasslands biome
Temperature Range: 31 ° C (56° F).
Annual Precipitation: 81 cm. (32 in.).
Latitude Range: 30° - 55° N and S
Global Position: western North America (Great Basin, Columbia Plateau, Great
Plains); Eurasian interior.
Moist Continental Climate (Cf) Deciduous Forest biome
Temperature Range: 31 ° C (56 ° F)
Average Annual Precipitation: 81 cm (32 in).
Latitude Range: 30° - 55° N and S (Europe: 45° - 60° N).
Global Position: eastern parts of the United States and southern Canada; northern

5. Average

6. Topographical
Features
• Topography of an area refers to the
shape of the land and the features within
the area. The topography of a rainforest
varies depending on which rainforest is in
question and where in the rainforest you
are visiting.However, the general
topography of a rainforest includes steep
areas with hills and low areas like valleys.
It can include creeks and streams quite
often and most of the time it has these
features. It also has a sloping range in
particular areas.The structure often
involves a range of different heights and
different levels. Starting from the leaf litter
and mosses at the bottom, moving up to
ground cover plants, ferns and low level
trees, and stretching right up to taller
trees, with epiphytes and vines
connected, the structure and overall
topography of a rainforest is rich, diverse
and very varied.

7. Emergent Layer These giant trees thrust above the dense
canopy layer and have huge mushroom-
shaped crowns. These trees enjoy the greatest
amount of sunlight but also must endure high
temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds.

8. The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight,
continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground. The
Canopy Layer
branches are often densely covered with other plants
(epiphytes) and tied together with vines (lianas). The canopy
is home to 90% of the organisms found in the rain forest;
many seeking the brighter light in the treetops.

9. Receiving only 2-15% of the sunlight that falls on the
canopy, the understory is a dark place. It is relatively
open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous
Understory Layer plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house
plants come from this layer. Only along rivers and
roadways and in treefall and cut areas is sunlight
sufficient to allow growth to become thick and
impenetrable

10. The forest floor receives less than 2% of the
sunlight and consequently, little grows here
except plants adapted to very low light. On the
Forest Floors floor is a thin layer of fallen leaves, seeds,
fruits, and branches that very quickly
decomposes. Only a thin layer of decaying
organic matter is found, unlike in temperate

11. Insolation in the
Tropical Rainforest
• The tropical rainforest is
earth’s most complex biome
in terms of both structure and
species diversity. It occurs
under optimal growing
conditions: abundant
precipitation and year round
warmth. There is no annual
rhythm to the forest; rather
each species has evolved its
own flowering and fruiting
seasons. Sunlight is a major
limiting factor. A variety of
strategies have been
successful in the struggle to
reach light or to adapt to the
low intensity of light beneath
the canopy.

12. Frilled Lizard
• Chlamydosaurus (meaning
"caped lizard") is a rare,
modern-day frilled lizard native
to New Guinea and North
Australia. Its frill is a 7-14 inch
(18-34 cm) flap of skin that
completely circles its head. It
opens this brightly-colored frill
to frighten enemies. Adults are
over 8 inches (20 cm) long.
These climbing lizards live in
trees in humid forests and eat
cicadas, ants, spiders and
smaller lizards. It can run
quadrupedally (on all four legs)
and bipedally (with the front
legs off the ground). Adult
females lay 8 to 14 eggs per
clutch in spring and summer.

13. Toucan
• The toucan is about 20 inches
(50 cm) long. The toucan's
enormous bill is up to one-third
of its length. The bill is brightly
colored, light-weight, and
edged with toothed margins. It
has four toes on each foot;
two toes face forwards and
two face backwards. The legs
are short but strong. Males are
slightly larger than females, but
their coloration is similar.
Toucan eat mostly fruit, but
also eat bird eggs, insects, and
tree frogs. Toucans swallow
fruit whole and then
regurgitate the seeds; this
disperses viable (living) seeds
in the forest.

14. maroon pitchers that have lime-green mouths. This is an exceptional showpiece
for any lowland tropical collection. Nepenthes rafflesiana is a beautiful lowland tropical pitcher plant with
enormous, colorful pitchers and extremely prominent wings.
Nepenthes
Nepenthes rafflesiana are also well known for producing extremely
long tendrils between their leaves and pitchers. The 'Giant' form of
Nepenthes rafflesiana produces extremely large pitchers that can
reach over one foot in height, and originates from a single population
Rafflesiana in Brunei, Borneo. This particular cone has truly striking coloration,
with dark maroon pitchers that have lime-green mouths.

15. Orchids comprise one of the most abundant and varied of
flowering plant families. There are over 20,000 known species and
orchids are especially common in moist tropical regions. Although
Orchids temperate orchids usually grow in the soil, tropical orchids are
more often epiphytes which grow non-parasitically on trees.
Orchid flowers vary considerably in shape color and size,
although they share a common pattern of three petals and three
petal-like sepals. The lower petal has a very distinctive
appearance.