Cell-Introduction.pdf
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- Cell theory states that the cell is the fundamental unit of life, cells are structurally and functionally similar, and organisms arise from pre-existing cells. - Key developments included Hooke and Leeuwenhoek observing cells under microscopes in the 1600s, Brown discovering the nucleus in 1831, Schleiden and Schwann establishing that plants and animals are made of cells in 1838-1839, and Virchow proposing that all cells come from pre-existing cells in 1858. - There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells which lack nuclei and organelles and eukaryotic cells which have distinct nuclei surrounded by membranes and organelles like mitochondria and Golgi bodies.
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This is the report I made I uploaded it because i thought
it could be of help to those people who are looking for a simpler Fun Power Point...
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2. The key components of cells are described, including the cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
3. The functions of cells are explained as providing structure and support, facilitating growth and mitosis, allowing substance transport, and aiding in energy production and reproduction.
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1. The document discusses cells, including their history, structure, and function. It describes Leeuwenhoek's discovery of cells under the microscope and the formulation of the cell theory by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
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1. The document discusses the history and key discoveries that led to the cell theory, including Hooke's discovery of cells in 1665 and the formulation of the cell theory by Schleiden and Schwann in 1838-1839.
2. It then covers the development of microscopy technologies like the light microscope and electron microscope, which allowed for greater magnification and resolution of cellular structures.
3. The main components of the eukaryotic cell are described, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and plastids. The functions of these structures are also summarized.
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The document discusses the history and principles of cell theory. It describes how early microscopists like Hooke, Levenguk, and Purkinje made early observations of cells. In 1839, Schwann and Schleiden formulated the first principles of cell theory: (1) all living things are made of cells and (2) animal and plant cells have similar structure and composition. Later, Virchow added that cells only arise from preexisting cells. The modern cell theory includes four principles: (1) cells are the basic unit of life, (2) cells have similar composition and function, (3) new cells arise from existing cells, and (4) cell specialization leads to tissue and organ formation
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The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes the work of early scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Schwann who observed and studied basic cell structure using early microscopes. This led to the cell theory developed in the 1830s by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow which stated that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells come from preexisting cells. The document also describes the distinguishing features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of key animal and plant cell organelles and their functions.
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The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptx
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsSAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptx
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
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Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
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Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
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Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
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Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
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Cell-Introduction.pdf
- 1. Modern Cell Theory Cell Theory •Cell is regarded as a fundamental structural and func�onal unit of life. Cell Introduc�on Robert Hooke observed dead cells in a thin cork slice through a self-made microscope & published this informa�on in his book ‘Micrographia’. He gave the name 'Cell'. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed an improved microscope and observed first free-living cells (Bacteria) PART - 1 1665 Robert Brown, a Sco�sh Botanist discovered nucleus. A French Zoologist Dujardin discovered the semifluid living material inside a cell and named it Sarcode. Purkinje renamed it as ‘Protoplasm – The First Substance’ M.J. Schleiden A German botanist (1838) All plants are made up of cells Rudolf Virchow presented the idea ‘Omnis Cellula e Cellula’ in (1858) and gave the idea that all living cells arise from pre-exis�ng cells. 1674 1831 1834 1840 T. Schwann A German zoologist (1839) All animals are made up of cells Commonly presented CELL THEORY POSTULATES •All living organisms are composed of cells. •All cells are basically alike in structure and func�ons. •The func�on of an organism as a whole is the result of the ac�vi�es and interac�ons of cons�tuents of the cell.
- 2. Cell Introduc�on PART - 2 Prokaryo�c cell Pro - Primi�ve; Karyon - Nucleus Eukaryo�c cell Pilus Ribosome Capsule Cell wall Flagellum Nucleoid (DNA) Cell membrane Cell membrane Nucleus Nucleolus Endoplasmic re�culum Golgi complex Vacuole Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Lysosome TYPES OF CELLS Eu - True; Karyon - Nucleus The nuclear membrane is absent. Content of nucleus present in the cytoplasm in a region known as nucleoid. Nucleus dis�nct with the nuclear membrane. Size: 1µm to 10 µm Size: 5 µm to 100 µm Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent. Membrane-bound cell organelles like Golgi bodies, mitochondria etc. are present. Ribosome - 70 S Ribosome - 80 S A single circular chromosome is present Many chromosomes are present which are linear. Shape & Size Varies from cell to cell Respiratory enzymes are formed in mitochondria. CELL FACTS Longest cell in human body - Nerve cell (1m long) Smallest cell in human body - Red blood cells Largest cell in human body - Female ovum In mul�cellular organisms division of labour is seen. Respiratory enzymes are present in mesosome. - In unicellular organisms a single cell perform all the func�ons. (Amoeba)