India has 10 major bio-geographical zones based on differences in climate, soil and vegetation across its regions. The zones include the Trans Himalayan, Himalayan, Desert, semi-arid, Western Ghat, Deccan Plateau, Gangetic Plain, North East, Coastal and Islands zones. India's climate and soils also vary significantly between zones. The climate is influenced by the Himalayas and is tropical in the south, temperate in the north. Major soil types include black, red, desert, mountain and laterite soils. Vegetation also differs between forest types like tropical, montane, temperate and alpine, as well as grassland types.

1. BIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES IN INDIA
Presented By:
Patel Prapti .R.
Msc :- sem-II
CBO:-405
Department of life sciences ,
H.N.G.U. ,patan

2. CONTENTS:-
 Introduction
 Soil of India
 Climate of India
 Flora of India
 Vegetation of India

3. BIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES:-
Biography is the study of the
distribution of species (biology) ,
organisms space and through
geological time is called bio-
geographical zones .

4. THERE ARE TEN BIO GEOGRAPHIC ZONES IN INDIA
- Trans Himalayan zone
- Himalayan zone
- Desert zone
- semiarid zone
- Western ghat zone
- Deccan plateau zone
- Genetic plain zone
- North east zone
- Coastal zone
- Islands zone

6. SOIL OF INDIA:-
 Soil is the material found on the surface of the earth that
is composed of organic and inorganic material. Soil
varies due to its structure and composition.
 In india there are various types of soil. They are,
Black soil
Red soil
Desert soil
Mountain soil
Laterite soil

7. TYPE OF SOIL:-
- Black soil:- poor in phosphorous, Nitrogen and
Organic matter.
- Red soil:- They cover large areas in south, and in
the north peninsula.
- Desert soil:- It is formed in the regions of less
rainfall and high temperature.
- Mountain soil:- Formed by deposition of organic
matter from forest.
- Laterite soil :- Laterite soil is formed due to intense
leaching caused by tropical rainfall.

8. FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATION:-
- Climate
- Vegetation
- Age of rock
- Relief
- Parent rock

9. CLIMATE OF INDIA:-
 “India is home to an extraordinary variety of climatic
regions , ranging from tropical in the south to temperate
and alpine in the Himalayan north, Were elevated regions
receive sustained winter snowfall.
 The nation’s climate is strongly influenced by the
Himalayan and the desert.”

11. INDIA -CLIMATE
 Climate is the average weather or the regular pattern of
weather conditions of a particular place.
 The climate of the country plays an important role in
shaping its life of the people.
 It determines ,for example the crops they grow ,they
clothes they wear and even many of their festivals.
 As India is one of the agriculture based country climate
plays a major role in its economy, people culture etc,.

12. FACTORS DETERMINING CLIMATE:-
- Latitude
- Altitude
- Position with respect to mountains
- Distance from the sea and by winds.

14. FLORA OF INDIA:-
 “ Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular
region or time, generally the naturally occurring or
indigenous native plant life. The corresponding term
for animal life is fauna. Flora, fauna and other forms
of life such as fungi are collectively referred to as
biota.”

15. VEGETATION OF INDIA:-
 All the plant life in a particular region or period is called
as vegetation.
 The most important factors used in the classification of
vegetation are rainfall, temperature, biotic, influences,
and life forms.

16. TYPES OF VEGETATION:-
 Forest of vegetation :-
- Tropical forest
- Mantane sub tropical forest
- Temperate forest
-Alpine vegetation
 Grassland of vegetation:-
- Xerophilous
- Mesophilous
- Hygrophilous

17. TYPES OF VEGETATION :-
 Tropical forests : They are multistoreyed,made up
of small trees,shrubs,epiphytes,lianas and dense
group vegetation.
 Montane subtropical forest :These are coolar than
the tropical and warmer than the temperate forests.
 Temperate forests :Their branches are clothed with
mosses,mamy woody climbers,ferns and other
epiphytes.
 Alpine vegetation :They are alpine scrubs,moist
alpine scrubd dry alpine scrubs.

18. CONTINUE…
 Xerophilous :occur in dry region of north-west India
under semi-desert conditions.
 Mesophilous :called as savannahs,are extensive
grass flats, apical of moist deciduous forests of
U.P.,
 Hygrophilous: called as wet savannahs.All these
are being controlled under biotic influences.

19. REFERENCE
Sharma P. D
-Ecology and Environment