This document presents information about biofuels. It discusses various biofuel feedstocks like corn, sugarcane, and algae. It classifies common biofuels as bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. Bioethanol is produced through fermentation of carbohydrate sources and is used as an automotive fuel. Biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of organic waste and used for cooking and lighting. While biofuels are renewable and reduce pollution, their production also faces challenges related to cost, land use, and food supplies.

1. Bio fuels
An Alternate Fuel
March 24, 2018 1
Presented By:
Kamal Jeet Chauhan
CSJMA14001390203
Chemical Engg.
B. Tech (IV)
Submitted To:
Dr. Brishti
Mitra
Chemical
Engg.(HOD)

2. Introduction of Biofuels
Biofuel feedstock
Classification of Biofuels
Bioethanol
Biogas
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuel
References
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3. Biofuel is the fuel which is produced from organic
products and wastes.
The common commercially used biofuels are
bioethanol, biodiesel and biomethane.
Bioethanol is made from sugar, algae, wheat and
sugar beet.
Biodiesel is made from vegetable oil, algal lipids,
animal fats.
Biomethane can be produced from waste organic
material, sewage, agriculture waste and domestic
wastes.
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4. Soybean Corn Sugarcane Sugar beet
Switchgrass Jatropha Camelina Algae
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5. Cassava Palm oil Certain fungi
Animal fat Agricultural wastes
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6. Bioethanol
Biodiesel
Biogas
Biobutanol
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7. Bioethanol is produced by the fermentation of
carbohydrate rich source which includes sugar
cane, sugar beet, corn etc.
 It is colorless and clear liquid.
One of the widely used alternative automotive
fuel in the world.
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8. Milling ( sugarcane stem &
separation of juice and bagasse)
Fermentation (conversion of sugar
into alcohol, production of ethanol)
Distillation (separation of ethanol)
Dehydration
(azeotropic mixture)
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9. C12H22O11 +H2O C6H12O6 +C6H12O6
C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2
 Fermentation process requires 3 days to complete and is
carried out at a temperature of between 250°C and 300°C.
Sucrose Glucose
Glucose
Fructose
Ethanol
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Chemical reaction involved

10. Advantages Disadvantages
Ethanol is a renewable resource Large amounts leading to problems
such as soil erosion, deforestation.
Ethanol burns more cleanly in air than
petroleum
Typical current engines would require
modification
The use of ethanol reduce carbon
dioxide emissions
Expensive
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11. March 24, 2018 11

12. A mixture of CH4 , CO2 and other gases
Gas %
Methane 50–75
Carbon dioxide 25–50
Nitrogen 0–10
Hydrogen 0–1
Hydrogen sulfide 0–3
Oxygen 0–2
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13. Biogas is a fuel used as domestic purpose
Obtained from cow manure, fruit and
vegetable waste.
Biogas is produced by the breakdown of organic waste
by bacteria without oxygen anaerobic digestion.
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14. Two Types of Anaerobic Digestion
25-38°C for 14-30 days
50-60°C for 12-14 days
Mesophilic process
Thermophilic process
Produced from Anaerobic digestion in Anaerobic
Digesters (AD)
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15. Stops air getting intothe
digester- creates
anaerobic condition
Gas to kitchen
Sludge used asa
fertiliser
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16. A. Methanosarcina (cocci) Methanosaeta
Clostridium formicoaceticumSyntrophomonas wolfeiMarch 24, 2018 16

17. Reduce air and water pollution more
environmentally friendly fertilizers
Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
concerns about waste management in the
agriculture and food industry
Energy security
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18. Cooking
Lighting
Fuel for engine
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19. Renewable
Reduce Greenhouse Gases
Economic Security
Easy to Source
Lower level of Pollution
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20. High Cost of Production
Industrial Pollution
Future Rise in Price
Shortage of Food
Use of Fertilizer
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21. Reduce wastes
New agricultural markets
Improve balance of payments
global warming reduction
Benefit developing nations
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22. March 24, 2018 22
 Kroschwitz, J.I. Kirk –Othmer Encylopedia of Chemical
Technology,
Vol. 9
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel
 Cardona, C.A. and Sánchez, Ó.J., 2007. Fuel ethanol
production: process design trends and integration
opportunities. Bioresource technology, 98(12), pp.2415-
2457.
 Oura E.(1977), Reaction products of yeast fermentation,
Process Biochemistry,edt.12(Vol.3):19-21

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