The document discusses strategies for biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka. It defines biodiversity and its importance. There are two main types of conservation: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation involves protecting ecosystems and habitats in their natural surroundings, including national parks and sanctuaries. Ex situ involves conservation outside natural habitats, such as zoos, captive breeding programs, gene banks, and botanical gardens. The document emphasizes the importance of both in situ and ex situ strategies and institutional support for effective biodiversity conservation in Sri Lanka.

1. Strategies for
biodiversity
conservation in
Sri Lanka

2. CONTENT
01
Objectives of biodiversity
conservation
02
Types of biodiversity
conservation
03
Advantages of biodiversity
conservation
04
Summary
05
Biodiversity and its
conservation
06 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
 Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth.
 Concept is coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986.
 It is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level.
 It boosts ecosystem productivity.
 It ensures natural sustainability.
 There are so many advantages due to the biodiversity as well as ecological
values also provided.
 There are threats to biodiversity.
 These causes reduce the richness of biodiversity and it has negative effect on
environment balance.
 So strategies to conserve biodiversity is an emerging topic in nowadays.

4. Types of biodiversity
Biodiversity
variety of all life forms, different plants,
animals, micro-organisms, their genes and
the ecosystems of which they are a part.
Genetic
diversity
Ecological
diversity
Species
diversity
Variation in
the genetic
composition
among
individuals of
a population
Number of species
and abundance of
each species that live
in a particular
location
variation in the
ecosystems found in
a region or the
variation in
ecosystems over the
whole planet

5.  Biodiversity conservation is the protection
and management of biodiversity to obtain
resources for sustainable development.
 Biodiversity conservation has below main
objectives.
#Sustainable utilization of species and
ecosystem
#To maintain life-supporting systems and
essential ecological processes
Biodiversity
conservation

6. OBJECTIVES OF BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
 Saving life on earth in all its forms.
 Keeping natural ecosystems functioning and healthy.
 To maintain the well-being of human, plant and
animal.
 To maintain environmental balance.
 Without diversity there may be homogeneous
population.
 Biodiversity buffers ecosystem against
environmental changes.

7. IN SITU
CONSERVATION
conservation of ecosystems and natural
habitats, the maintenance of viable
populations of the species in their natural
surroundings and, in the case of the
cultivated species, in the surroundings
where they have developed their distinctive
properties.
EX SITU
CONSERVATION
conservation of
biological diversity
outside its natural
habitats, targeting all
levels of biodiversity.

8. • In situ conservation
• It include conservation of plant &
animals in their native or man made
ecosystem, where they naturally
occur.
• In this methods include a system of
protected areas of different
categories
 National park
 Sancturaries
 Biosphere reserves
HIKKADUWA
PIGEON ISLAND
SINHARAJA
BIOSPHERE
RESERVE

9. YALA
KUMANA
NATIONAL PARKS IN
SRI LANKA
WILPATTU
UDAWALAWE

10. HORTAIN PLAINS
GALOYA
BUNDALA
MINNERIYA
ADAM’S BRIDGE MARINE
NATIONAL PARK
ANAWILUNDAWA

11. Ex situ conservation
Zoos
• Zoos not only act as places of entertainment and observing
animal behavior, but are also as institutions, museums, research
laboratories, and information banks of rare animals
DEHIWALA PINNAWALA

12. Captive Breeding
• Captive breeding is an integral part of the overall conservation action
plan for a species that helps to prevent extinction of species, subspecies,
or population.
• It is an intensive management practice for threatened individuals,
populations, and species by anthropogenic and natural factors.
• Successful environmental enrichment includes the improvement of
enclosure design and the provision of feeding devices, novel objects,
appropriate social groupings, and other sensory stimuli.

13. Gene Banks
• Different types of gene banks have been established for the storage of biodiversity,
depending on the type of materials conserved.
• These include seed banks .field gene banks, in vitro gene banks, pollen, chromosome,
and deoxyribonucleic acid banks for animals that are held in short term or long term
laboratory storage; usually cryo preserved.
• genome conservation technique is cryopreservation, in which living tissues are
conserved at very low temperatures (−196°C) in liquid nitrogen to arrest mitotic and
metabolic activities.
• In vitro conservation refers to one type of gene bank known as slow-growth
conservation method. It involves culturing of different parts of the plant (meristem,
tissues, and cells) into pathogen-free sterile culture in a synthetic medium with
growth retardants
GANNORUWA PLANT
GENETIC RESOURCE
CENTRE

15. Important strategies for biodiversity conservation
• All the varieties of food, timber plants, livestock, microbes and agricultural animals
should be conserved.
• Unique ecosystems should be preserved first.
• Poaching and hunting of wild animals should be prevented.
• The reserves and protected areas should be developed carefully.
• The levels of pollutants should be reduced in the environment.
• Deforestation should be strictly prohibited.
• Environmental laws should be followed strictly.
• The useful and endangered species of plants and animals should be conserved in their
nature as well as artificial habitats.
• Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity conservation and its
importance.

16.  Biodiversity is conserved by two major methods called in situ and ex situ.
In situ conservation
• National Parks
• Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Biosphere Reserves
 Institutional analysis is considered a critical first step in the implementation of National
Biodiversity Strategies & Action plans, to indentify institutional impediments,
requirements & capacity enhancement.
SUMMARY

17. THANK YOU
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REFERENCE
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Entwistle, A., Hodge, I., Kapos, V., Scharlemann, J.P. and Sutherland, W.J., 2010.
Biodiversity conservation: challenges beyond 2010. Science, 329(5997), pp.1298-1303.
 Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Brooks, T.M., Pilgrim, J.D., Konstant, W.R., Da
Fonseca, G.A. and Kormos, C., 2003. Wilderness and biodiversity conservation.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100(18), pp.10309-10313.
 Gadgil, M., Berkes, F. and Folke, C., 1993. Indigenous knowledge for biodiversity
conservation. Ambio, pp.151-156.
 Brooks, T.M., Mittermeier, R.A., da Fonseca, G.A., Gerlach, J., Hoffmann, M., Lamoreux,
J.F., Mittermeier, C.G., Pilgrim, J.D. and Rodrigues, A.S., 2006. Global biodiversity
conservation priorities. science, 313(5783), pp.58-61.
 Miller, J.R., 2005. Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience. Trends in
ecology & evolution, 20(8), pp.430-434.

18. THANK YOU