Ecosystem diversity deals with the study of different ecosystems in a location and their effects on humans and the environment. It focuses on the variation in biological communities, including the number of ecosystem types and habitats. Grasslands, tundras, deserts, and rainforests are some examples of diverse ecosystems that contribute to a balanced environment. The conservation of biodiversity is important and can be achieved through in situ conservation of species within their natural habitats, and ex situ conservation in zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks.

1. .
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2. A measure of the relative abundance of species
or higher taxonomic units found in a certain area
at a particular time. In ancient communities, this
is often simply referred to as the number of
species or taxa found at a site, usually referred to
as ‘‘species richness’’ in the ecological literature.

4.  species are the fundamental descriptive units of
the living world and this is why biodiversity is very commonly,
and incorrectly, used as a synonym of species diversity, in
particular of ‘‘species richness,’’ which is the number of species
in a site or habitat.
Discussion of global biodiversity is typically presented in terms of global
numbers of species in different taxonomic groups. An estimated 1.7 million
species have been described to date; estimates for the total number of
species existing on earth at present vary from 5 million to nearly 100 million.
A conservative working estimate suggests there might be around 12.5 million.

5. Ecosystem diversity deals with the study of different ecosystem in a
certain location and their overall effects on humans and the
environment as a whole. It is one of the types of biodiversity along
with species diversity, genetic diversity, and functional diversity.
Ecosystem diversity focuses on both terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems. Also, it includes the variation of a biological community such
as the number of levels of ecosystem diversity and different niches or
habitat diversity, and other ecological processes.
Ecosystem diversity has a great deal on both genetic and species diversity,
thus it is coined as the “largest scale of biodiversity”. Grasslands, tundras,
deserts, rainforests, terrestrial and marine ecosystems, are some
examples of ecosystems that are diverse and contribute a lot to creating a
well-balanced environment.
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7. • The populations of naturally occurring species and occur in a
particular environment ( geographical areas) are communities.
• For example, species that are found only in deserts and
species found under the warm stone are communities. Some
communities are large and more complex, so they cannot be
clearly defined.
• We can also say that a community includes biotic things alone
since it deals with living things only. Biologists often use the
word community as a subset of organisms present in a large
community.

9. Enriches aesthetic and moral values
Maintain variations in life
Food webs sustain due to species diversity
Keep the energy flow in ecosystem
Ecological balance is maintained
Ecosystem remain working and dynamic
Homeostatic balance is maintained
Helps in preventing natural calamities and disasters
Support the economy of the region
Help us to adapt to changing conditions

10. Destruction of Habitat
Hunting
Over exploitation
Introduction of exotic species
Control of pest and predators
Pollution
Deforestation

12. CONSERVATION
OF BIODIVERSITY
GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATION
RESAERCH
CAPITATIVE
BREEDING AND
SEED BANK
HABITAT
RESTORATION
REDUCING
INVASIVE SPECIES
NATURE PRESERVES
REDUCE CLIMATE
CHANGE
SUSTAINABLE LIVING
EDUCATION

13. Conservation
In situ conservation
Ex situ conservation

14. • The conservation of species in their natural habitat or natural ecosystem is
known as in-situ conservation. In the process, the natural surrounding or
ecosystem is protected and maintained so that all the constituent species (known or
unknown) are conserved and benefited.
• These help in the restoration of degraded ecosystem
• The main role of these reserves is to preserve genetic resources, species,
ecosystems, and habitats without disturbing the habitants.
• These maintain cultural, social and ecologically sustainable economic
developments.
• These support education and research in various ecological aspects

15. • Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of
biological diversity outside their natural habitats through different
techniques like zoo, captive breeding, aquarium, botanical garden, and
and gene bank.
• It plays key roles in communicating the issues, raising awareness, and
and gaining widespread public and political support for conservation
actions and for breeding endangered species in captivity for
reintroduction.
• Limitations of ex situ conservation include maintenance of organisms in
organisms in artificial habitats, deterioration of genetic diversity,
inbreeding depression, adaptations to captivity, and accumulation of
deleterious alleles