Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because of the following properties Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants. Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium, hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast. These layers potentially protect spore DNA material. Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV radiation inducing mutation. Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP- dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation. Solution Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because of the following properties Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants. Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium, hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast. These layers potentially protect spore DNA material. Factor-2: Core mater.

1. Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,
hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.
Solution
Spore forming bacteria (prokaryotes) such as Bacillus anthracis can be dormant & survive even
for 1000 years under the exposure of ultra-violet rays (the longest UV exposure). This is because
of the following properties
Bacillus subtilis produce dormant spores by sporulation ate suitable conditions and these spores
are called as endospores. These endopores have the capability to survive at extreme temperatures
followed by insufficient nutrient availability and their spore DNA is completely resistant to
mutagens such as UV light, chemicals. They are also resistant to desiccation and resistant to
extreme freezing and chemical disinfectants.
Factor-1: These endospores possess very complex diversified structure that can withstand all the
possible mutation inducing changes. These possess structural adaptations such as exosporium,

2. hard spore coat and these are acts as very hard complex resistant materials, which can eliminate
digesting enzymes such as lysozymes. These endospores possess cortex composed of
peptidoglycan and it has a core wall that is present under the cortex and surrounds protoplast.
These layers potentially protect spore DNA material.
Factor-2: Core material of the spore also possesses calcium dipicolinate that enable stability of
chromosomal DNA by protecting it from oxidizing agents. Inside the core material, spore
possess DNA and it is covered by specifically small acid-soluble spore proteins an these are
similar to chromatin-like proteins and enable in protecting DNA from heat as well as UV
radiation inducing mutation.
Factor-3: In order to keep the spore dormancy all the spore structural components formed and
maintain signal transduction pathways, which further result in elevated activity of the cAMP-
dependent protein kinase, triggers rapid encapsulation.