Bio-scouring uses enzymes instead of harsh chemicals to remove impurities from cotton fabrics. It requires only one bath, saving 4 baths compared to conventional scouring. This leads to significant water savings of around 28 liters per kg of fabric processed. Bio-scouring also provides quality, economic, and environmental advantages over traditional scouring by reducing chemical usage, saving energy and time, lowering water consumption and effluent generation. Test results showed bio-scouring achieved satisfactory absorbency levels for dyeing while maintaining fabric strength without excessive weight loss.

1. Presented By Md .Shahriar Jinnah Biplob
Deputy Manager Marketing
Sparkle Colors
(Agent of Dystar)

2. ENZYMATIC SCOURING OR BIO-
SCOURING CAN SIMPLY BE DEFINED
AS THE APPLICATION OF LIVING
ORGANISMS(PECTINASES ENZYME)
AND THEIR COMPONENTS TO REMOVE
THE NATURAL AND ADDED
IMPURITIES
Introducing Bio-Scouring: A Cost Effective and Eco-
friendly Process for the Generation Next

3. In bio- scouring process only
one bath is used before the
actual dyeing starts, whereas in
conventional process a
minimum of 5 baths are used.
This leads to a total 4 bath
saving. Considering an MLR of
1:7, the total amount of water
that will be saved is about 28
liters for every Kg. processed.
For a unit doing a 30 Mt. of
bleaching every day, the
amount of water that will be
saved is 840,000 Liters per
day. On annual basis the
amounts comes to be
306600,000 liters of water.

4. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COTTON IS:
Cellulose – 91.00%
Water – 7.85%
Protoplasm, Pectins – 0.55%
Waxes, Fatty Substances – 0.40%
Mineral Salts – 0.20%

5. Mechanism involved in Bio-Scouring
The following two stages mechanisms are involved in bio scouring---
Stage 1:
 Removal of wax ( a major part being fatty acids, alcohols and esters)
is the critical factor for improved wettability. Pectin functions as a
‘glue’ binding wax to the fibre. Pectin removal does not by itself
result in wax removal or improved wettability but it renders wax
extractable or emulsifiable.
Stage 2:
 2/3 or more of the pectin must be dissolved in order to be able to
emulsify enough wax for a good wettability for dyeing.

7. Flow chart of Bio scouring

8. Why Bio-Scouring:
(Problems of traditional scouring)
It has become an essential demand for the mill managers to sort out an alternative for the
traditional caustic scouring process for some of its unavoidable limitations:
Less fibre strength: In traditional scouring process caustic soda works on swelling
method and attacks the secondary cell wall being almost pure cellulose which I have
discussed earlier and it causes to damage the fibre and its strength as well.
Excessive weight loss: The recommended weight loss for caustic scouring is 3-8%, but in
practice it is around 8-12% which means an excessive loss of fabric weight unnecessarily.
The factory has to pay extra money for this unavoidable fabric loss which should not be
accepted.
Dye loss: Said earlier that caustic works on swelling method by which all the necessary and
unnecessary particles are removed from cotton fibre and most importantly it damages the
actual structure of cotton fibre which inspire the dye molecules not to fix according to our
requirements and it causes a significant amount of dye loss.
Energy and time concern: In caustic scouring it takes around 105°C temperature and to
raise the temperature at this degree it requires a huge amount of energy on which sector
we are struggling. Not only that to raise and lower this temperature and also for several
rinsing it takes more time which reduces the productivity.

9. Why Bio-Scouring: (Problems of traditional
scouring)
Rinsing and neutralisation: In caustic scouring several rinsing steps are practiced which
increase the demand of amount of water volume and as this process is carried out at a
high pH range (12-14), it needs to neutralise the scouring bath for the processes ahead.
Effluent concern: A lot of harsh chemicals are used in traditional scouring process which
are very much responsible to increase the amount of BOD, COD and TDS in the effluent
water and increase the unwanted pressure on environment. Caustic scouring is
responsible for the lion parts of the total effluent of a factory. It produces -----
 54% to the total BOD
 49% to the total COD
 10-20% of the total pollution load generated during entire textile processing operation.
Risk in chemical handling: The handling of harsh chemicals increase the possibilities of
accident and most importantly the longevity of the workers are badly affected by the
handling of this harsh chemicals.

10. BLEACHING
STANDARD
ECO
FRIENDLY
H2O2 30% vol. : 4 g/l
NaOH 30% : 2 g/l
Stabilizer : 0.3- 0.5 g/l
Detergent : 0.5 g/l
Anticreasing agent : 1.0 g/l
Stabilizer : 0.3- 0.5 g/l
Detergent : 0.5 g/l
Anticresing : 1.0 g/l
Biopolish enzyme : 0.5%
Bioscouring Enzyme : 0.5%
H2O2 30% vol. : 15 cc/l
NaOH 30% : 3-4 g/l
• Biopolish Enzyme : 0.5%
• H2O2 Killer enzyme 0.2%
Scouring+Bleaching Biopolish
BleachingScouringe+ biopolish

11. Bio-Scouring Application Process:
Important process parameters:
 pH and Temperature
 Wetteners
 Emulsifiers
 Pectinase enzyme
 Water
 Wetting agent
Buffer
 Scourzyme L
 Emulsifier
For Bio- Scouring of cotton fabric Scourzyme L of Novozymes is used as sample
which is an alkaline pectinase and it removes pectin and other impurities from
the primary cell wall of the cotton fibres without any degradation of cellulose.
 Equipment: Any type of dyeing m/c used in textile wet processing
.

12. Recipe and curve for continuous method
Recipe for Bio-Scouring:
A typical process for a pad-batch process combining scouring and desizing in one single step is as follows:
 impregnation at 60 °C (pH 8 - 9.5) with:
 2 - 3 ml/l wetting agent
 2 - 5 ml/l emulsifier
 5 - 10 ml/l enzymatic compound
 4 - 6 ml/l amylase
 2 - 3 g/l salt
 allow to dwell wet for 3 - 12 h, depending on the amount and type of starch
 hydro extraction and rinsing.
 Applicability
 The enzymatic scouring process can be applied to cellulosic fibres and their blends (for both woven
and knitted goods) in continuous and discontinuous processes.
 When enzymatic desizing is applied, it can be combined with enzymatic scouring.
 The process can be applied using jet, overflow, winch, pad-batch, pad-steam and pad-roll equipment.

13. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:
The advantages of bio scouring comparing to traditional scouring can be found in all of the
following perspectives----
 Quality perspective
 Economic perspective
 Environmental perspective
Quality perspective: It has been described earlier that the main objectives of
scouring are—
 To get the adequate absorbency for further subsequent processes
 To get the minimum degree of whiteness for medium to dark shades and maximum
degree of whiteness for light and white shades.

14. Optimizing the concentration & time of bio scouring using pectinase

15. Optimizing the temperature & PH of bio scouring using pectinase

16. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:
Treatment
Absorbency (time)
Scourzyme L ( 0.4%) 3 sec.
Scourzyme L ( 0.5%) 2 sec.
Scourzyme L ( 0.6%) 1 sec.
Caustic scouring 1 sec.
The AATCC recommended absorbency standard for drop test is in the range of
(1-5) sec. So the absorbency of bio scoured fabric is quite satisfactory.

17. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:
 Degree of whiteness:
The whiteness found after bio scouring is quite satisfactory for medium
to dark shade but for light and white shade the result is below the satisfaction limit.
Except the above direct qualitative measure of bio scouring, it adds some supplementary
quality to the dyed and finished fabric---
 Level dyeing
 Soft feeling
 No strength loss
Economic perspective:
Bio scouring process is very much economical and cost effective comparing to
traditional scouring. By considering the following parameters for cost analysis it is found
that this process reduces 10-20% of total annual cost which adds a significant amount of
profit to the company’s annual turnover.
 Less chemical cost
 Energy saving
 Time saving
 Less water consumption
 Less weight loss of fabric
 Less dye loss
 Less effluent treatment cost

18. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:

19. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:

20. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:

21. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:

22. Advantages of Bio-Scouring over Traditional scouring:
Less Effluent