This presentation contains information about the divide and conquer algorithm. It includes discussion regarding its part, technique, skill, advantages and implementation issues.
TSP is np- hard problem which has number of solution but it's difficult to find optimal solution . I gave here fast,easy and efficient solution on TSP using one algorithm with good explanation.Hope you understood very well.
Linear ProgrammingPart 1J. M. Pogodzinskicarol.docxcroysierkathey
Linear Programming
Part 1
J. M. Pogodzinski
carol
carol
carol
carol
Agenda
• Mathematical Programming Problems
• Economic Theory and Mathematical Programming Problems
• Linear Programming Problems
• The Objective Function
• The Inequality Constraints
• The Non-Negativity Constraints (which are inequality constraints)
• Equality Constraints?
• The Feasible Set
• Does a
Solution
Exist to a Linear Programming Problem? (the existence question)
• Applications (Uses) of Linear Programming
• Solving Linear Programming Problems
• Theorems About Linear Programming
Mathematical Programming Problems
• A Mathematical Programming Problem consists of:
• An objective function
• Constraints defined somehow – equations, inequalities,…
• Little can be said about such a general problem – we need to make
assumptions about the objective function and/or about the
constraints before we can say anything about the existence of
solutions, algorithms for finding solutions (if they exist), properties of
solutions
About Objective Functions
• Very common to assume there is only one objective function
• Objective functions are either maximized or minimized – the generic term is
optimized. The specific problem determines whether maximization or
minimization is appropriate. There are deeper connections between
maximization and minimization. Maximization problems can be restated as
minimization problems. More importantly, specific maximization problems are
associated with specific minimization problems through duality.
• It is possible to consider multi-objective mathematical programming problems
(there is a legitimate topic called multi-objective linear programming)
• What do you get out of multi-objective linear programming (if there is a
solution)?
• The Pareto Frontier
• We will not consider multi-objective linear programming because it is
computationally difficult
About Objective Functions
• Example (from microeconomics): Consumers maximize utility subject
to a budget constraint
• 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑥,𝑦 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We assume that 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is a quasi-concave continuous function
(Note: famous paper “Quasi-Concave Programming” by Kenneth J.
Arrow and Alain C. Enthoven, Econometrica, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Oct.,
1961), pp. 779-800)
• A function 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is quasi-concave if its upper level sets are convex
sets
Constraints
• Most common to define constraints by one or more equations or
inequalities
• Note on finite constraint sets – existence of optimum
• For example, in the consumer choice problem mentioned in the
previous slide, an equation called the budget equation defined the
constraint set - 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We might also have defined the constraint set with several
inequalities: 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0
• We can write the equation 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 as two inequalities:
𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≥ 𝑀
This presentation contains information about the divide and conquer algorithm. It includes discussion regarding its part, technique, skill, advantages and implementation issues.
TSP is np- hard problem which has number of solution but it's difficult to find optimal solution . I gave here fast,easy and efficient solution on TSP using one algorithm with good explanation.Hope you understood very well.
Linear ProgrammingPart 1J. M. Pogodzinskicarol.docxcroysierkathey
Linear Programming
Part 1
J. M. Pogodzinski
carol
carol
carol
carol
Agenda
• Mathematical Programming Problems
• Economic Theory and Mathematical Programming Problems
• Linear Programming Problems
• The Objective Function
• The Inequality Constraints
• The Non-Negativity Constraints (which are inequality constraints)
• Equality Constraints?
• The Feasible Set
• Does a
Solution
Exist to a Linear Programming Problem? (the existence question)
• Applications (Uses) of Linear Programming
• Solving Linear Programming Problems
• Theorems About Linear Programming
Mathematical Programming Problems
• A Mathematical Programming Problem consists of:
• An objective function
• Constraints defined somehow – equations, inequalities,…
• Little can be said about such a general problem – we need to make
assumptions about the objective function and/or about the
constraints before we can say anything about the existence of
solutions, algorithms for finding solutions (if they exist), properties of
solutions
About Objective Functions
• Very common to assume there is only one objective function
• Objective functions are either maximized or minimized – the generic term is
optimized. The specific problem determines whether maximization or
minimization is appropriate. There are deeper connections between
maximization and minimization. Maximization problems can be restated as
minimization problems. More importantly, specific maximization problems are
associated with specific minimization problems through duality.
• It is possible to consider multi-objective mathematical programming problems
(there is a legitimate topic called multi-objective linear programming)
• What do you get out of multi-objective linear programming (if there is a
solution)?
• The Pareto Frontier
• We will not consider multi-objective linear programming because it is
computationally difficult
About Objective Functions
• Example (from microeconomics): Consumers maximize utility subject
to a budget constraint
• 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑥,𝑦 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We assume that 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is a quasi-concave continuous function
(Note: famous paper “Quasi-Concave Programming” by Kenneth J.
Arrow and Alain C. Enthoven, Econometrica, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Oct.,
1961), pp. 779-800)
• A function 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is quasi-concave if its upper level sets are convex
sets
Constraints
• Most common to define constraints by one or more equations or
inequalities
• Note on finite constraint sets – existence of optimum
• For example, in the consumer choice problem mentioned in the
previous slide, an equation called the budget equation defined the
constraint set - 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We might also have defined the constraint set with several
inequalities: 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0
• We can write the equation 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 as two inequalities:
𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≥ 𝑀
Linear ProgrammingPart 1J. M. Pogodzinskicarol.docxwashingtonrosy
Linear Programming
Part 1
J. M. Pogodzinski
carol
carol
carol
carol
Agenda
• Mathematical Programming Problems
• Economic Theory and Mathematical Programming Problems
• Linear Programming Problems
• The Objective Function
• The Inequality Constraints
• The Non-Negativity Constraints (which are inequality constraints)
• Equality Constraints?
• The Feasible Set
• Does a
Solution
Exist to a Linear Programming Problem? (the existence question)
• Applications (Uses) of Linear Programming
• Solving Linear Programming Problems
• Theorems About Linear Programming
Mathematical Programming Problems
• A Mathematical Programming Problem consists of:
• An objective function
• Constraints defined somehow – equations, inequalities,…
• Little can be said about such a general problem – we need to make
assumptions about the objective function and/or about the
constraints before we can say anything about the existence of
solutions, algorithms for finding solutions (if they exist), properties of
solutions
About Objective Functions
• Very common to assume there is only one objective function
• Objective functions are either maximized or minimized – the generic term is
optimized. The specific problem determines whether maximization or
minimization is appropriate. There are deeper connections between
maximization and minimization. Maximization problems can be restated as
minimization problems. More importantly, specific maximization problems are
associated with specific minimization problems through duality.
• It is possible to consider multi-objective mathematical programming problems
(there is a legitimate topic called multi-objective linear programming)
• What do you get out of multi-objective linear programming (if there is a
solution)?
• The Pareto Frontier
• We will not consider multi-objective linear programming because it is
computationally difficult
About Objective Functions
• Example (from microeconomics): Consumers maximize utility subject
to a budget constraint
• 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑥,𝑦 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We assume that 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is a quasi-concave continuous function
(Note: famous paper “Quasi-Concave Programming” by Kenneth J.
Arrow and Alain C. Enthoven, Econometrica, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Oct.,
1961), pp. 779-800)
• A function 𝑈 𝑥,𝑦 is quasi-concave if its upper level sets are convex
sets
Constraints
• Most common to define constraints by one or more equations or
inequalities
• Note on finite constraint sets – existence of optimum
• For example, in the consumer choice problem mentioned in the
previous slide, an equation called the budget equation defined the
constraint set - 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 (and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0)
• We might also have defined the constraint set with several
inequalities: 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑥 ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0
• We can write the equation 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝑀 as two inequalities:
𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≤ 𝑀 and 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 ≥ 𝑀
Developing visual material can help to recall memory and also be a quick way to show lots of information. Visualization helps us remember (like when we try to picture where we’ve parked our car, and what's in our cupboards when writing a shopping list). We can create diagrams and visual aids depicting module materials and put them up around the house so that we are constantly reminded of our learning
Column-oriented databases have become fashionable following the work of Stonebraker et al. In the data warehousing industry, the terms "column oriented" and "column store" have become necessary marketing buzzwords. One of the benefits of column-oriented indexes is good compression through run-length encoding (RLE). This type of compression is particularly benefitial since it simultaneously reduce the volume of data and the necessary computations. However, the efficiency of the compression depends on the order of the rows in the table and this is even more important with larger tables. Finding the best row ordering is NP hard. We compare some heuristics for this problem including variations on the lexicographical order, Gray codes, and Hilbert space-filling curves.
Symbolic Mathematics, Neural Networks in AI.pdfCS With Logic
Symbolic Mathematics, Neural Networks in AI.The use of computers to manipulate mathematical equations and expressions in symbolic form, as opposed to manipulating the numerical quantities represented by those symbols. After translating some of math's complicated equations, researchers have created an AI system that they hope will answer even bigger questions.STUDENT solving algebra problems.
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic momentVikshit Ganjoo
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
I made this presentation for my own college assignment and i had referred contents from websites and other presentations and made it presentable and reasonable hope you will like it!!!
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Firstly, Dynamic programming is technique for solving
problems in overlapping with sub problems.
• There are many problems when they are divided into sub
problems and while dividing of those problems are many
term which are repeatedly solved which takes time. There are
same problems in binomial coefficient.
3. As you can see there are repetition of sub problems which takes time to
execute. To solve this problem in binomial coefficient we use dynamic
programming
4. BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT
• A binomial coefficient C(n, k) gives the number of ways,
disregarding order, that k objects can be chosen from
among n objects, more formally, the number of k-element
subsets (or k-combinations) of an n-element set.
5. • Binomial coefficient are represented by C(n,k) or 𝐶 𝑘 and can be used to represent the
coefficients of binomial:
• And
• 𝐶 𝑘 = (n!) / k!(n-k)!
where, 𝐶 𝑛 = 1
𝐶0=1
n
n
n
n
6. SOLUTION TO PROBLEM
• Dynamic programming gives solution of this problem of repetition of subproblems in
binomial coefficient.
• Dynamic algorithm constructs n*k table, with the first column and diagonal filled once
the subproblem is solved and can be used again from table when its value is needed it
is needed, as shown in following:
7.
8. ALGORITHM FOR SOLUTION
• Binomial (int n, int k)
• {
• if(k=0||k=n)
• return 1
• else
• return Binomial (n-1,k-1) + Binomial (n-1,k)