A bibliography is a list of sources used or cited in a research paper or other work. It provides essential information about each source, including author, title, publisher, and date. There are several types of bibliographies, including systematic enumerative bibliographies that list all published works on a topic, current selection aids that evaluate recently published materials, and bibliographies of bibliographies that catalog other bibliographies. Bibliographies follow consistent formatting principles and are compiled based on guidelines to ensure accuracy and logical arrangement of sources.

1. Bibliographies
Prepared by:
Jane L. Garay

2. What is a Bibliography?
Derived from two Greek words,
“biblion” meaning book and
“graphein” meaning to write or
the writing of books.

3.  The history, identification, or
description of writings or publications.
A list of works written by an author or
printed by a publishing house.
It is the name given to a list of books,
manuscripts, and other publications,
systematically described and arranged,
which have some relationship to each
other.

4. Three Basic Purposes
To Identify and verify information
To locate materials
To select materials for the collection

5. Types of Bibliography
A. Systematic Enumerative Bibliography
B. Current Selection Aids
C. Bibliography of Bibiliographies

6. A. Systematic Enumerative
Bibliography
 Type of bibliography which
refers to a list of books, film or
recordings.

7. 1. Universal Bibliography
Includes everything, published, issued or
printed in the fields of communication from
the beginning, through the present to the
future.
Conrad Gesner, known as the Father of
Universal Bibliography.
Biblioteca Universalis (1543)

8. Conrad Gesner, known as the Father of
Universal Bibliography.

9. Biblioteca Universalis (1543)
It was the first truly comprehensive
"universal" listing of all the books of the
first century of printing. It was an
alphabeticalbibliography that listed all the
known books printed in Latin, Greek, or
Hebrew.

10. 2. National and Trade Bibliographies
a. National Bibliography
-published by government

11. Two basic requirements:
 Legal Deposit System- law that requires a
library to received a copy.
The record must be fromdirect examination of
materials.

12. Examples:
Canadiana- CANMA
General Catalogue of Printed Books
(Published by the British Library)

13. Philippine National Library (PNB)
Published quarterly by TNL with annual cumulation
Issued in two parts since 1985: I. Books, music scores, gov
publications, periodicals, conference proceedings II These
and dissertations.

14. b. National Library Catalog
A list of all the works
cataloged by a national library and
other member libraries and
includes items not published in the
country of origin.

15. Example:
National Union Catalog (NUC) of the LC
Issued in microfiche in 1983
Online version is MARC and
can be accessed through
DIALOG.

17. c. Trade Bibliographies
List commercial publications to aid
in the selection and acquisition recently
published materials, specifically trade
books.
Information is gathered rom the
published materials, specifically trade
books.

18. Examples:
Book in Print ( R.R. Bowker of
New York) 1948 to date
Can be accessed:
Printed
Online through database
vendors e.g. DIALOG
CD-ROM =Books in print with
Book Reviews Plus
(searchable by author, title,
topic, publisher, ISBN, date of
publication, and grade level)
Microfiche

19. 3. Subject Bibliography
List materials that
relate to a particular topic. It
is intended to research
workers and other in special
areas.
Examples:
Blazek, Ron and Elizabeth
Aversa. The Humanities:
A Selective Guide to
Information Sources.

20. 4. Guide to Reference Materials
Includes the best works for a given
situation or audience.
Guides to a reference books,
special reading, list by a library and
items devoted to the best works of a
particular group of people.

21. Examples:
Guide to Reference Books compiled by
Eugene P. Sheehy (Chicago:ALA)
Concentrates in American, Canadian, and
some British titles divided into 5 major areas.

22. Guide to Reference
Materials edited by
Albert J. Walford
(London:ALA)
Strong in British and
European titles.

23. 5. Analytical and textual bibliography
Analytical- concerned with the physical
description of books.
Textual- highlights certain textual
variations between a manuscript and the
printed book.

24. 6. Daily Use
Directs the individual to an item and
is primarily used to find a specific
book or article.

25. B. Current Selection Aids
Examples:
Choice. Chicago:ALA, 1964 to date. Issued
monthly
Evaluates a number of reference
titles of value to all libraries.
Reference and Research Book
News.Portland, OR: Book News. 1985 to
date. Monthly.
Provides full bibliographic
information and a short descriptive
annotation.

26. C. Bibliography of Bibliographies
 A listing of bibliographies that
were created as a means of
bibliographic control.

27. Examples:
Bibliographic Index:
A Cumulative
Bibliography of
Bibliographies by
H.W. Wilson, 1937 to
date.

28. A World Bibliography of
Bibliographies and of
Bibliographical
Catalogues, Calendars,
Abstracts, Digests,
Indexes, and the like or
Besterman by Theodore
Besterman. Laussanne:
Societas Bibliographica,
1965-1966, 4v.

29. Bibliography of Philippine
Bibliographies
Retana says that this is the
most complete bibliography
that has been compiled of
printing in the Philippines
Written by:
Gabriel Adriano Bernardo

30. Bibliographies for Non-Print Materials.
Video Source Book.
Detroit:Gale Research.
1978 to date. Annual with
two supplements.
A listing of about 60, 000
video programs on videotapes
and disks.
Arranged alphabetically by
title

31. Guide to Microforms in Print. New York:
Bowker-Saur, 1961 to date.
List alphabetically by author and
title.
Considers sixteen diff. types of
microform.
The subject guide uses the LCSH

32. Bibliographies for Periodicals
and Newspapers
Ulrich’s International Periodicals
Directory. R.R. Bowker, 1932 to
date.

33. Ulrich’s International Periodicals
Directory. R.R. Bowker, 1932 to date.
A guide to currently available periodicals (about
120,000)
Arranged under 600 broad subject headings with
a title index.
Since 1988, it incorporated the Irregular Serials
and Annuals thus providing publication and
ordering information for most directories,
almanacs, and yearbooks.

34. The Standard Periodical Directory.
New York: Oxbridge
Communications. 1964 to date.
Biannual.

35. The Standard Periodical Directory.
New York: Oxbridge
Communications. 1964 to date.
Biannual.
List about 75, 000 periodical titles in
the US and Canada, inluding consumer
and special interest magazine,
newsletter, house organs, directories,
gov. publication, bulletins, yearbooks,
and religious association publications.

36. Current and Retrospective
Bibliographies
Current Bibliography
Lists books or other items close
to the time at which they are being
published.

37. Examples:
Cumulative Book Index. New York: Wilson, 1898
to date. Monthly except August.
An author title-title-subject international list of books
published in the English Language
Provides author full name, complete title, edition,
series no. of pages, publisher, date of publication, price,
LC Card Number, ISBN.
Can be accessed online through Wilsonline; CD-ROM
version is accessible through Wilson Disc

38. Cumulative Book Index. New York:
Wilson, 1898 to date. Monthly
except August.

39. American Book Publishing Record
(Bowker), 1961 to date. Monthly.
Provides complete cataloging, records for
books as they are published.
Excludes gov. publications, subscriptions of
books, pamphlets under 49 pages, and
dissertations
Arrangement is by DDC, with author and title
index.

40. American Book Publishing Record
(Bowker), 1961 to date. Monthly.

41. Retrospective Bibliography
Covers materials published during
an earlier time period.

42. Examples:
Evans, Charles. American
Bibliography. Chicago: Evans.
1903-1934. 14 volumes.
List books, pamphlets, and periodicals
published in the US from 1903-1934. 14 vol.
 Titles are arranged in chronological order by
date of publication.
Indexes to authors, printers, and publishers
are given.

43. Evans, Charles. American
Bibliography. Chicago: Evans.
1903-1934. 14 volumes.

44. Bibliotheca Americana by Joseph
Sabin
List boks relating to to the US from its
European discovery (October 12, 1942)
to 1968.
Provides complete bibliographic
description and locations of copies as
well as references to reviews.

45. Guides to Databases
Covers bibliographies available
electronically.

46. Examples:
Gale Directory of Databases.
Detroit: Gale, 1993-. 2 volumes.
Semi-annual.
Contains about 6000 entries arranged
alphabetically by database name.

47. Examples:
Gale Directory of Databases.
Detroit: Gale, 1993-. 2 volumes.
Semi-annual.
The CD-ROM Directory.
London:TFPL, 1986-. Annual.

48. La Imprenta en Manila desde sus
origines hasta 1810 (1896).
Jose Toribio Medina, a Chilean
bibliographer listed 565 titles
Of this number, 526 titles are dated,
15 have no dates and 24 are of
doubtful origin.

49. Access to Bibliographic Sources
CD-ROM
a high-capacity read only optical
disk that is intended for database
publishing and distribution.

50. Examples:
Bibliofile
A MARC database management utility
produced by the Library Corporation.
Provide acess to catalog records by
main entry, title, ISBN or ISSN, and LC
card no.

51. Examples:
CD-MARC Bibliographic- a CD-ROM
implementation of the LC MARC Database
LaserQuest from General Research Corporation
SuperCat from Gaylord Research Corporation
CD-CATSS (Catalog Support System) from
Utlas
CAT CD450 from OCLC
Alliance Plus from Follett Software

52. Bibliographic Utility
Is a large database for shared
cataloging information created by
the combined efforts of large
libraries.

53. Examples:
OCLC (Online Computer Library Center)
Formerly Ohio College Library Center
The largest bibliographic utility
RLIN (Research Libraries Information Network)
Started in 1967 at Stanford University

54. Functions of Bibliographic Utilities
1. Rapid location of a book, article, document,
etc.
2. Acquisition of materials through either
direct/indirect file use.
3. Circulation control and remote catalog
access.
4. Shared cataloging
5. Online access to LC Name Authority File
6. Answering bibliographic verification and
location queries.

55. Principles in Compiling
Bibliographies
1. All bibliographical entries must be in accord
with the purpose of the research paper.
2. All entries should be accurate, logical and
clear.
3. The bibliographical form which is prescribed
for a given paper must be followed
consistently in every entry.

56. Guidelines in Compiling
Bibliographies
1. A bibliography must be classified and divided
into sections, usually by type of material, unless
it is very short.
2. The variety of source of materials may
sometimes call for further subdivision of the main
classes, e.g. Primary sources may be divided
into “Published” and “Unpublished” works.
3. Entries should be arranged in a definite order
within the division.
4. The bibliography of a paper is single-spaced with
one blank space between entries. The first line
of each entry is flush left, and all subsequent
lines, if any, ate indented five spaces.

57. 5. Give the author’s full name in the inverted
order.
6. If there are two or more authors, only the first
author’s name is inverted from while the
succeeding names are transcribed in natural
order.
7. Full stops are used in bibliographical entries,
at the end of each main part.
Bibliographical references to periodicals,
however, retain the parenthesis around the
dates of publication when these follow
volume number.
8. Page numbers are listed in bibliographical
entries when the main item is part of a whole
work.

58. When given, page no. must be inclusive (first
and the last page of the cited section). When
an article is continued at the back of the
journal, only the first page is to be given.
9. Bibliographies are arranged alphabetically by
author’s family name, letter by letter.
10. In a succession of works by the same
author, the name given for the first entry and
an eight space line succeeding with a period
takes place in subsequent entries.

59. The End ..
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