This document outlines a presentation on fundamentals and applications of chemistry. It discusses: 1) The relationship between fundamentals and applied chemistry, with fundamentals providing the basis for applications. 2) Examples of understanding fundamentals like chemical properties and reactivity to enable applications in storage, safety, and new materials. 3) How challenges drive opportunities in applied chemistry across industries to add value through products like chemicals from ethylene and sugar. 4) The role of chemistry in life support systems, sustainable development, and meeting industry needs through fields like pharmaceuticals, polymers, and analytical chemistry.

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007
Email : sridlhi@vsnl.com Website : www.shriraminstitute.org
Presented by :
Dr. R.K. KHANDAL

2. 1. Fundamentals vis-à-vis Applied
2. Understanding Fundamentals of Chemistry
3. Chemistry for Life Support Systems
4. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
5. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
6. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future
7. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas
8. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development
Outline of the Presentation

3. Fundamentals vis à vis Applied
Fundamentals
Research
Understanding
Conception
Reasoning (How?)
Description
Value
Applied
Development
Explain
Demonstrate
Use
Improve
Value addition
 Unless applied, fundamentals remain dormant; convert
knowledge into product

4. Understanding Chemicals
Fundamentals
Physical characteristics
• State
• Stability
Chemical characteristics
• Nature
• Functionality
Reactivity
Applied for
Storage
Preservation
Safety
Designing of new chemicals
New materials and products
 Understanding of fundamental chemistry always helps in
meeting the challenges through applied chemistry

5. Understanding Fundamentals
Fundamentals
 Electronic structure
 Nuclear constitution
 Atoms and molecules
 Functionality
 Heat transfer
 Speed and order
 Lattice structure
 Oxidation-reduction
Applied
 Periodic table
 Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry
 Compounds (Synthetic Chemistry)
 Polymers and Organic Chemicals
 Thermodynamics
 Kinetics
 Alloys
 Metals
 Applied chemistry plays an important role in the
development and growth

6. Life Support Systems
Survival
Chemistry for Life Support System
Materials Energy
 Water
 Air
 Food
Consist of materials made up of Inorganic,
Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals
 Housing
 Infrastructure
 Transport
 Bio-Fuel
 Petroleum & Coal
 Nuclear
Life Support Systems

7. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
 Industrial Challenges
 Material Challenges
 Value Addition
 Sustainability
 All challenges lead to opportunities for
applied chemistry in various industrial
sectors; results in value addition and each
time the research is applied

8. Use of Sugar
(Carbohydrate)
Smell of Garlic
(Diallyl disulphide)
Use of Salt
(Sodium chloride)
Red hot chillies
(Capsaicin)
Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
Preservatives Pickles
Pickles and
Medicines
Preservatives
Food Chemistry

9. Ethylene
Vinyl acetate
Adhesives, paints &
coating, copolymers
Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigants
MEG-heat transfer fluid, PET
DEG-softener, plastisizer, solvents
PEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants
Ethylene oxide
Engineering plastic
Acetals
Antifreeze agent,
automobile
polyester resins
Ethylene glycol
LDPE
HDPE
LLDPE
Packaging,
molded items
pipes & tubes
Ethyl benzene
Styrenic
plastic, paint
Value Addition Through Chemistry

10. Phenol
Esters
Adipic acid
Resin-PF
Insulating foam
Foundry
Adhesive
Coating
Moulded items
Alkyl phenols
Cresol : Lamination
Nonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers
p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives
Aniline
Rubber chemicals
Agro Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Dye intermediates
Value Addition Through Chemistry

11. Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
FieldsofChemistry
PAST PRESENT FUTURE
Polymer Chemistry
Textile Chemistry
Mineral Chemistry
Photo Chemistry
Material Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Biochemistry
Food/Agro Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Nano Chemistry
Combinatorial Chemistry
Green Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Radiation Chemistry
Chemistry : Past, Present & Future
 The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry

12. Polymers
Applications of Polymer Chemistry
Packaging
Textile
Building Materials
Medicinal
Electronics
 Lightweight
 Durable
 Cost effective
 Variety available

13. Food wrapping/storage
in skin, leaves and salts
Storage in
Glass jars
Storage in
Metal container
Storage in
Plastic pouches
Retortable
Vacuum
Permeable
Aseptic
Early times…..
19th
-20th
century……
20th
century……
21th
century……
Chemistry in Packaging Industry

14. Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Applications of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Drug designing
Growth rate of Pharma industry:
World : 8.0 % per year
India : 9.0 % per year
(Medical News Today, May 2005)
 Herbal medicines to become more popular !
 Scientific studies would help to provide better
alternatives for health care
Drug safety
Drug efficacy
Drug synthesis

15. Agrochemicals
Applications of Agrochemicals
Herbicide,
Insecticides,
Nematocides
Preservatives
Manure
Fertilizers
Plant growth
regulators
 India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicals
Industry is worth of Rs. 3600 crore
Global market $ 2700 million
•Minimum residue
•Maximum degradation
•High effectivity
•Effective only at the target

16. Performance Chemicals
Applications of Performance Chemicals
Soaps, Surfactants
& Detergents
Polymer additives
Personal care
products
Food additives
Flavors &
Fragrances
• Multifunctional
• Synergistic
• Hyperactive
• Selective
• Environment friendly
 MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER

17.  Production with minimum area & minimum chemicals
Reasons for shifted focusArea
Agrochemicals
 Long term effects & minimum side effects
 Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution
 Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment
 Comfort with minimum maintenance
Pharmaceuticals
Automobiles & oils
Plastics
Textiles
Mining
Paints & Coatings
Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals
 Safety with minimum health hazards
 Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution
Soaps & Detergents  Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden
Leather  Appearance & performance with minimum processing time
Cosmetics  Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy

18. Green Chemistry
Applications of Green Chemistry
Waste minimization
Separation Processes
Energy Efficiency
Catalysis
Process Intensification
• Also called sustainable
chemistry
• Encourages the design of
products & processes
that reduce the use &
generation of hazardous
substances
Safer reaction & reagents
Solvent replacement
Use of renewable feedstock
Minimize potential for accidents
Avoid chemical derivatives
Analyze in real time to prevent
pollution

19. Nanoparticles
Applications of Nano Chemistry
Defence
Bio Medical
Automative
Industry
Space
Aerospace
• Emerging field
•Wide applications
Accelerometers
Pressure sensors
Drug infusion pumps
Microneedles
Glucometer
Air bags
Tyre pressure sensors
Fuel injection systems
Pressure sensors
Optical gyros
Propulsion systems
Health monitoring
accelerometers
Pressure sensors

20.  Most important requirement of industry
 Improve our food chain system
• Basic for clinical laboratory tests
• Help physicians diagnose disease
• Quality of environment
• Remedial measures for contaminants
 Quality assurance of raw materials
 Quality assurance of products
 Compositions for product development
 Impurities and toxic contaminants
 Nutrients and label claims
 Meet the statutory requirements
 Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society
 Benchmarking of products and R & D
 Improving quality of life
Industry
Food
Environment
Air
Water
Soil
Functional Foods
Pharmaceuticals
Materials
Paints
Polymer/ Textiles
Metal/ Minerals
Cement
Fuels
Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications

21. SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Energy
Environment
Food
New
Materials
 360° approach of development through
Chemistry
Chemistry for Sustainable Development

22. New Materials
Renewable starting
materials
Water based reaction
media
 Present day chemistry challenges involves the
development of alternatives with assured sustainability
Chemistry in Support of sustainability
Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction

23.  Environmentally benign feedstocks/synthesis
 Pharmaceuticals
 Greener solvents
 Bio-based synthesis ad processing
Conversion
of biomass
to chemicals
Challenge for Chemists

24.  Everything in the cycle moves through chemicals
pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses
 Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and hence,
thermodynamically feasible, possible and stable
Cradle
CHEMISTRY
Environment
& Ecology
Biodiversity
Grave
Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry

25. THANK YOU