Better management
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Present sewage treatment releases ammonia and sulfur compounds, contributing to foul smells, climate change, and acid rain. Nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere as N2 and N2O. Better management could separate solids for biogas, store liquids to extract ammonia and other nutrients as fertilizers using seaweed, and dispose of residual salt water. This avoids air and water pollution while recovering valuable nutrients.
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This document discusses industrial wastewater treatment and management. It provides an overview of equalization, which is a method used to retain wastewater in basins so that the effluent discharged is uniform in characteristics like pH, turbidity, BOD, etc. This helps improve sedimentation efficiency, increase biological process efficiency by minimizing shock loads, and allows for automated control of treatment operations. Equalization basins are sometimes aerated to provide better mixing, chemical oxidation, some biological oxidation, and prevent solids settling. The capacity and detention period of equalization tanks needs to be sufficient to homogenize the wastewater flows.
Stabilization ponds
Stabilization ponds, also known as oxidation ponds, are large, shallow ponds that treat wastewater through interactions between sunlight, algae, and bacteria. Algae grow using nutrients from wastewater and release oxygen used by aerobic bacteria to break down organic matter. The algae and bacteria have a symbiotic relationship where algae provide oxygen for bacteria and bacteria provide carbon dioxide for algae. Together, they work to treat wastewater through bacterial oxidation and algal photosynthesis in the pond's water columns and sediments.
Application of ozone in food processing.pptx
Food industries are currently in need of different innovative technologies to meet the consumer demand.
There are some of the technologies like HPP, pulsed electric field, high intensity pulsed light etc.
But attention is now focused on the ozone as a powerful sanitizer.
Currently more than 3000 water treatment installation and more than 300 portable water treatment plants all over the world.
Nitrogen fertilizer1
This document discusses different types of nitrogen fertilizers including organic and inorganic varieties. Organic nitrogen is slow-acting but supplies nitrogen for longer. Inorganic nitrogen exists as ammonium or nitrate, with ammonium bonding tightly to soil and nitrate being quickly absorbed but also leached. The document outlines nitrate, ammonium, and combined nitrate/ammonium inorganic fertilizers and amide organic fertilizers. It also discusses slow-release fertilizers and the nitrogen cycle. Benefits of fertilizers include maintaining soil nitrogen levels for strong plant growth, though overuse can harm plants or contaminate water supplies.
Current technologies for biological treatment
The document discusses textile wastewater and its treatment. Textile wastewater is one of the main sources of water pollution worldwide due to dyes and other chemicals used in the textile production process. Dyes can be detected in water at low concentrations and absorb light, inhibiting aquatic plant growth. Textile wastewater is difficult to treat due to fluctuations in pH, organic content, color, and other parameters depending on the chemicals used. Major pollutants come from dyeing and finishing steps. Anaerobic treatment is commonly used but produces aromatic amine byproducts, so sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment is often employed for complete degradation.
Nitrogen cycle PERIOD 5
The nitrogen cycle describes the movement of nitrogen through the environment. It involves nitrogen fixation by bacteria, ammonification by decomposers, nitrification by soil bacteria, and denitrification by bacteria in waterlogged soils that converts nitrogen back to its gaseous form. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of nitrogen fertilizers, and livestock ranching have significantly increased the global nitrogen cycle, causing issues like smog, acid rain, eutrophication, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. While some seek solutions, many nations prioritize food production over environmental impacts.
Nitrogen cycle PERIOD 4
The nitrogen cycle describes the natural processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms and circulates between living organisms and the environment. Key processes include nitrogen fixation by bacteria, nitrification, ammonification, and denitrification. Humans impact the nitrogen cycle through activities like fossil fuel combustion and the widespread use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, which can introduce excess nitrogen into ecosystems and cause problems like eutrophication. More developed countries tend to introduce more nitrogen through industry and transportation, while less developed countries' impacts come more from agriculture and large populations.
Topic- Fertilizers.ppt
Dr. Satish S. Kola discusses fertilizers in his newsletter. He explains that inorganic fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium which are important for plant growth. Nitrogen helps plants grow, phosphorus encourages rooting and fruit production, and potassium aids disease resistance and hardiness. Inorganic fertilizers are produced via the Haber and Ostwald processes and contain compounds like ammonium nitrate and urea. While inorganic fertilizers increase land use efficiency, organic fertilizers are more environmentally friendly but less effective for crop production. Fertilizer research focuses on reducing environmental impacts and finding new, less expensive sources.
Smart agriculture_EN
1. Mineral fertilizers play an essential role in meeting the challenges of feeding an increasing population while limiting climate change, as they contribute to over half of global food production.
2. Directly Available Nitrogen (DAN) fertilizers like ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrosulphate offer farmers a precise means of increasing food production in an environmentally acceptable way by providing nitrogen in readily available forms for plants.
3. The document discusses the nitrogen cycle and how different nitrogen sources like nitrate, ammonium, and urea are transformed and absorbed by plants, highlighting that DAN fertilizers avoid losses from transformations between forms before plant uptake.
Biogeochemical cycles
This document summarizes several key biogeochemical cycles. It describes how carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles move these elements through organisms and the biosphere. Microbes play an essential role in converting nutrients between organic and inorganic forms so they can be used by other organisms. The carbon cycle involves carbon dioxide being taken up by plants and released by respiration and volcanic activity. In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is fixed by bacteria, converted between nitrate and nitrogen gas by other bacteria, and used by plants and microbes to make amino acids.
Problems & Profit With Waste
Sewage contains organic waste that provides food for bacteria. The bacteria multiply and consume oxygen in the water, causing other aquatic organisms to suffocate due to lack of oxygen. Sewage treatment uses microbes to convert harmful materials in sewage into harmless products through processes like activated sludge digestion and anaerobic sedimentation, allowing the treated waste to be safely released into rivers.
WASTE_WATER_PRESENTATION_2.pptx
Wastewater from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources can pollute the environment if not properly treated. It contains organic matter, pathogens, nutrients, and other pollutants that can deplete oxygen in water bodies and threaten human and ecological health. The document outlines various wastewater characteristics and treatment processes like primary sedimentation, activated sludge process, trickling filters, and waste stabilization ponds that remove pollutants through physical, chemical, and biological means to produce effluent that meets quality standards for discharge or reuse. Proper wastewater treatment is important to protect water resources and public health.
Biogeochemical Cycles
The document summarizes several biogeochemical cycles, including the water, oxygen, carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. It describes the key processes in each cycle, such as evaporation and precipitation in the water cycle, photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the oxygen cycle, and fixation, nitrification, and denitrification in the nitrogen cycle. It also discusses how human activities like burning fossil fuels, clearing vegetation, and use of fertilizers impact these natural cycles.
Env sci draft 1
The document describes an experiment testing the effects of different concentrations of ammonia (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) on bean plant growth. The hypothesis was that bean plants exposed to 6% ammonia would not survive. Seedlings were planted and different concentrations of ammonia were added to the soil. After 2 weeks, plant height, weight, and germination were measured. The results showed that higher ammonia concentrations negatively impacted the bean plants. The document also discusses environmental impacts of ammonia as an industrial chemical, including eutrophication, soil acidification, and contribution to smog formation.
Nitrification and Treatment Plants
The document discusses wastewater treatment processes for removing nitrogen. It describes the forms of nitrogen found in wastewater and explains why nitrogen needs to be treated. The nitrogen cycle and key processes like nitrification, denitrification, and biological nitrogen removal are summarized. Physicochemical and biological approaches to secondary treatment are compared.
Nitrification and de nitrification
Nitrification is the biological process where ammonia is converted to nitrite then nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. Phosphates can be removed from wastewater through chemical precipitation, post precipitation of the final effluent, or co-precipitation during secondary biological treatment. Denitrification is the process where nitrates are biologically converted back to nitrogen gas by heterotrophic bacteria under anaerobic conditions using an organic carbon source.
Environmental Health & Housing-2023 4th yr ANMC.pptx
Air
Water
Noise
Radiation
Soil
Housing
Refugee Camp
Hostel life
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Urbanization
Slums
Nutrient cycles
Nitrogen makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere but is inert. It is important for organic molecules. Plants secure nitrogen from the soil in forms like nitrates and ammonia. Animals get nitrogen by eating plants or other animals. Nitrogen cycles through the biosphere via fixation, decay, nitrification, and denitrification, driven by microorganisms. It is fixed through lightning, industrial processes, and symbiotic bacteria. Nitrification converts ammonia to nitrites and nitrates while denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere. The carbon cycle moves carbon through photosynthesis, respiration, and the long-term storage of carbon in rocks, oceans, fossil fuels and limestone.
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Nitrogen Cycle & How Do Human Activities Affect the Ecosystem by Divine Garcia
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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如果您处于以下几种情况：
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
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在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Better management
- 1. Better Management of Nutrients in Sewage
- 2. Present Practice • Present sewage treatment practice involves oxidation by bacteria in presence of air followed by bacterial denitrification. Ammonia and sulphur compounds escape giving a foul smell.
- 4. • Nitrogen in the sewage is lost to the atmosphere mainly as nitrogen molecules and to some extent as nitrous oxide.
- 5. • Nitrous oxide is 300 times more powerful green house gas than carbon dioxide. It contributes to climate change, ozone depletion and to acid rain. Ammonia and sulphur compounds contribute to fog formation.
- 7. Hole in the ozone layer UV filter
- 8. FOG
- 9. Our Relation to Nitrogen • We fix nitrogen by an industrial process to make fertilizers and also by growing leguminous plants. • We use them to produce food in which nitrogen is present in proteins. We eat the food.
- 11. LEGUMES
- 12. • We excrete. Most of the nitrogen excreted is present in urine.
- 17. Better Practice • Separate the solids and make use for biogas production. Biogas can be used as a source of energy. Nutrients remaining in residue can be used as fertilizer.
- 19. • Store liquids in a closed tank. The liquids give off ammonia by natural bacterial decomposition. By pumping air into the liquid a major part of the ammonia can be taken out and made to react with acids to form ammonium salts. The latter can be used as fertilizers.
- 21. • Suitable sea weeds can be grown in the remaining liquids to further extract NPK etc present in the liquid. The weeds can be composted to make fertilizers. Only common salt remains in the residual liquid which should be disposed off suitably.
- 22. Seaweed
- 23. COMPOST
- 24. Advantages 1. Valuable fixed nitrogen and other nutrients are recovered. 2. Pungent smell of ammonia and bad smell of sulphur compounds are avoided. 3. Air, soil and water pollution is avoided.
- 25. 4. Less disposal problem. 5. No health problems as there is no mix up with industrial waste containing heavy metals etc. 6. Less dependence on natural gradients. 7. No contamination of crops and soil with E coli. 8. Reduced need for manufactured fertilizers.
- 26. Thank you for reading