This document discusses how perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes can impact organizational behavior. It explores stereotyping, self-fulfilling prophecies, and biases like the halo effect. It also examines entity versus incremental theories of human traits, and how self-efficacy, self-esteem, narcissism, and perceptions of independence versus interdependence can influence self-views and behavior. Managers are advised to recognize how their own biases and assumptions may affect their judgments of others.

1. Impacts of Perceptions, Beliefs,
and Attitudes on Organizational
Behavior

2. Table of Contents
Stereotyping, Entity/Incremental Theorists,
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, Halo Effect, Contrast
Effect, Fundamental Attribution Error
• How evaluate our beliefs about others
Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Narcissisms,
Self-Independence/Interdependence
2 from 20

3. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
– Judge someone on the basis of our perception of
the group to which he or she belongs
:
• “older employees can’t learn new skills”
• “Overweight employees lack discipline”
• “Asian employees are hardworking and conscientious”
3 from 20

4. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
refers to a view that
human characteristics are fixed and don’t
change much with experience
refers to a view that
human characteristics are malleable and can
be changed with experience and can be
developed
4 from 20

5. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– is that
people’s expectations or beliefs determine their
behavior and performance,
thus
5 from 20

6. 6 from 20

7. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– General impression about an individual on the
basis of a single characteristic such as
Intelligence, Sociability,
Appearance
– For example:
• An interviewer may make incorrect image about a well
dressing marketing applicant which causes making
positive judgment about his/her abilities and
responsibilities.
7 from 20

8. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are
affected by comparisons with other people
recently encountered who rank higher or lower
on the same characteristics with a contrast.
– For example:
• An interviewee may be overestimated if be compared
with a moderate person if there is a contrast between
their abilities.
8 from 20

9. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– The tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestimate the influence
of internal factors when making judgments about
behavior of others
– For example:
• We may attribute the failures of others to their
indiscipline while attribute our failure to system troubles
and/or environmental problems
9 from 20

10. How Evaluate our Beliefs
10 from 20

11. Identifying Ladder of Inference in
our mind
These conclusions may not be
examined and may be false
?
?
?
?
?
11 from 20

12. Identifying Ladder of Inference in
our Mind
12 from 20

13. Strengthen of Dialog Skills
13 from 20

14. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
– Beliefs in one’s capabilities to organize and
execute the courses of action required to
produce given attainments
( )
– individuals with high self-efficacy work harder
and longer
( )
14 from 20

15. A self-efficacious cat!
15 from 20

16. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
– Refers to the extent to which a person feels self-
worth in a domain
– It indicates the degree to which an individual
likes herself/himself
16 from 20

17. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
17 from 20

18. Narcissism
18 from 20

19. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
– the extent to which an individual perceives
him/herself to be interdependent with other
group members
( )
– the extent to which an individual perceives
her/himself to be independent from other
group members
19 from 20

20. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
20 from 20