This document discusses entity-relationship modeling and data modeling. It defines key concepts like entities, attributes, relationships and their properties. It explains how to develop entity relationship diagrams including identifying entities and relationships from requirements, indicating cardinalities, and mapping the ERD to database tables. It provides an example of developing an ERD for a hospital appointment system and generating the corresponding tables.
Feature selection on boolean symbolic objectsijcsity
With the boom in IT technology, the data sets used in
application are more and more larger and are
described by a huge number of attributes, therefore, the feature selection become an important discipline in
Knowle
dge discovery and data mining, allowing the experts
to select the most relevant features to impr
ove
the quality of their studies and to reduce the time processing of their algorithm. In addition to that, the data
used by the applications become richer. They are now represented by a set of complex and structured
objects, instead of simple numerical ma
trixes. The purpose of
our
algorithm is to do feature selection on
rich data,
called Boolean Symbolic Objects
(BSOs)
. These objects are desc
ribed by multivalued features.
The
BSOs
are considered as higher level units which can model complex data, such as c
luster of
individuals, aggregated data or taxonomies. In this paper we will introduce a new feature selection
criterion for
BSOs
, and we will explain
how we improved its complexity.
This presentation contains the concepts related to database design using ER Diagram. The content is adapted from the contents of the authors of the book mentioned in the reference.
use case diagrams are required for courses related to software engineering or while making any software related project. these ppts will help you how to make it . Incase you need help with any of such projects or want to learn. visit myassignmenthelp website:http://www.myassignmenthelp.net/uml-assignment-help.php
The feature selection or extraction is the most important task in Opinion mining and Sentimental Analysis
(OSMA) for calculating the polarity score. These scores are used to determine the positive, negative, and
neutral polarity about the product, user reviews, user comments, and etc., in social media for the purpose
of decision making and Business Intelligence to individuals or organizations. In this paper, we have
performed an experimental study for different feature extraction or selection techniques available for
opinion mining task. This experimental study is carried out in four stages. First, the data collection process
has been done from readily available sources. Second, the pre-processing techniques are applied
automatically using the tools to extract the terms, POS (Parts-of-Speech). Third, different feature selection
or extraction techniques are applied over the content. Finally, the empirical study is carried out for
analyzing the sentiment polarity with different features.
Considering Company as a Mini world Problem we need to design the Database.
Company Database consists of:
Company Info
Employee Info
Project Info
The Formulated Requirements are:
The company is organized into departments. Each department has a unique name, a unique number, and a particular employee who manages the department. We keep track of the start date when that employee began managing the department. A department may have several location
A department controls a number of projects, each of which has a unique name, a unique number, and a single location
We store each employee’s name, Social Security number, address, salary, sex (gender), and birth date. An employee is assigned to one department, but may work on several projects, which are not necessarily controlled by the same department. We keep track of the current number of hours per week that an employee works on each project. We also keep track of the direct supervisor of each employee (who is another employee).
We want to keep track of the dependents of each employee for insurance purposes
Feature selection on boolean symbolic objectsijcsity
With the boom in IT technology, the data sets used in
application are more and more larger and are
described by a huge number of attributes, therefore, the feature selection become an important discipline in
Knowle
dge discovery and data mining, allowing the experts
to select the most relevant features to impr
ove
the quality of their studies and to reduce the time processing of their algorithm. In addition to that, the data
used by the applications become richer. They are now represented by a set of complex and structured
objects, instead of simple numerical ma
trixes. The purpose of
our
algorithm is to do feature selection on
rich data,
called Boolean Symbolic Objects
(BSOs)
. These objects are desc
ribed by multivalued features.
The
BSOs
are considered as higher level units which can model complex data, such as c
luster of
individuals, aggregated data or taxonomies. In this paper we will introduce a new feature selection
criterion for
BSOs
, and we will explain
how we improved its complexity.
This presentation contains the concepts related to database design using ER Diagram. The content is adapted from the contents of the authors of the book mentioned in the reference.
use case diagrams are required for courses related to software engineering or while making any software related project. these ppts will help you how to make it . Incase you need help with any of such projects or want to learn. visit myassignmenthelp website:http://www.myassignmenthelp.net/uml-assignment-help.php
The feature selection or extraction is the most important task in Opinion mining and Sentimental Analysis
(OSMA) for calculating the polarity score. These scores are used to determine the positive, negative, and
neutral polarity about the product, user reviews, user comments, and etc., in social media for the purpose
of decision making and Business Intelligence to individuals or organizations. In this paper, we have
performed an experimental study for different feature extraction or selection techniques available for
opinion mining task. This experimental study is carried out in four stages. First, the data collection process
has been done from readily available sources. Second, the pre-processing techniques are applied
automatically using the tools to extract the terms, POS (Parts-of-Speech). Third, different feature selection
or extraction techniques are applied over the content. Finally, the empirical study is carried out for
analyzing the sentiment polarity with different features.
Considering Company as a Mini world Problem we need to design the Database.
Company Database consists of:
Company Info
Employee Info
Project Info
The Formulated Requirements are:
The company is organized into departments. Each department has a unique name, a unique number, and a particular employee who manages the department. We keep track of the start date when that employee began managing the department. A department may have several location
A department controls a number of projects, each of which has a unique name, a unique number, and a single location
We store each employee’s name, Social Security number, address, salary, sex (gender), and birth date. An employee is assigned to one department, but may work on several projects, which are not necessarily controlled by the same department. We keep track of the current number of hours per week that an employee works on each project. We also keep track of the direct supervisor of each employee (who is another employee).
We want to keep track of the dependents of each employee for insurance purposes
it is entity relation diagram to understand the concept of ER Diagram for computer science students. And also included the further examples related to ERD . i hope These slides are helpful for colleges and University students
Get help with all er diagram assignments only at my assignment help. myassignmenthelp.net has team of experts who are available round the clock to help you.
chapter 3-Data Modelling using Entity Relationship .pdfMisganawAbeje1
it describes about Data Model Basic Building Blocks in Using High level Data Models for Database Design Entity types and Sets, Attributes and Keys, Relationships, Roles and Structural Constraints, Enhanced ER Diagram, E-R mapping to Relational Database model.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Data Modeling
– Data Modeling, Semantic Modeling, Entity Relationship
Diagrams, Entity Relationship Attribute Modeling, Object Data
Classes etc are various names for the same
technique, commonly known as Data Modeling.
– Different authors have used slightly different notations to
represent Entities, Relationships and Object Data Classes
– Notations used by Chen 1976 (the founder of the technique)
and Baynon-Davies 1989 are followed. Some unlearning and re-
learning may be required to those who have already learnt and
used it in their Data Bases course
– Data Modeling supplements the Process Modeling technique
and helps in identifying the data structures on which the system
is to be built
3. Entity Relationship Modelling
• One of the Oldest techniques used in Database
and Information Systems Design, proposed by
Chen 1976
• Representation of ‘Real World’ in terms of
Entities, Attributes and Relationships
between the Entities
An Entity is a thing which the enterprise recognizes as being
capable of an independent existence and which can be uniquely
identified (Howe, 1983)
An Entity may be an Object, concept or an event having
characteristics of independent existence and unique
identification, and should have data items or attributes
associated with it.
An Entity together with its attributes define an Entity Type of which
there may be many instances. Similarly, a Relationship Type
may have many instances, where occurrences of allied Entities
are participating
4. Relationship
A Relationship is
an association between two or more entities. (Howe, 1983)
The common attribute in two Entities, indicates they have some
relationship.
For N entities, there could be N(N-1)/2 possible relations, as every
Entity being part of the systems will be related to every other
entity so only direct relationships between the Entities are
considered
Parent Child School
GoesSponsors
Parent and Child and Child and School have direct
relationships, but the relationship between Parent and School is
indirect or derived relationship which should not be considered
5. Cardinality or Degree of the Relationship
• It is number of instances of the respective entity type
participating in the relationship.
• It can be one-to-one (1:1), one-to-many (1:M) or many-to-many
(M:N)
• Crow-Foot notation used to represent cardinality
Class Student
CourseStudent
Cheque PaymentBrings
Consists_of
Read
6. Membership Class or Optionality
• Membership is Mandatory if every occurrence of the entity
participates in the relationship
• Membership is Optional if some of the instances of respective
entity do exist but don’t participate in the relationship, or some
occurrences of the entity can exist independently
– Every Employee must be employed within a Department
– A Department may exist without any (full-time) Employee
• For Mandatory Entity we put in ‘a filled dot’ within the Entity, and
for Optional Entity it is put outside on the Relationship
Cheque PaymentBrings
Employee DeprttWorks
Cheque PaymentBrings
7. Assignment Rules
1:1 Relationship
– Membership Mandatory on Both Entity Types
– Membership Mandatory for only one Entity Type
Cheque PaymentBrings
Single table is needed
Cheque (Cheque_no, date, sign, amount, … , Payment_Id, …)
Employee CarUses
Two tables needed, post the identifier of Optional into Mandatory
Employee (Employee_no, Name, Designation, …)
Car (Reg_no, Model, Capacity, …., Employee_no )
8. Assignment Rules
– Membership Optional for both Entity Types
Employee CarUses
Three tables needed, one for each Entity and one for Relationship
Employee (Employee_no, Name, Designation, …)
Car (Reg_No, Model, Capacity, …. )
Uses ( Employee_no, Reg_no, …., Mileage_used_by)
9. Assignment Rules
1:M Relationship
– Membership of many ‘Entity’ is Mandatory,
Ward PatientContains
Two tables needed
Ward (Ward_no, Location, type, …)
Patient ( Patient_Id,, Name, date_of_Admiss, …, Ward_no)
– Membership of many ‘Entity’ is also Optional
Ward PatientContains
Three tables needed
Ward (Ward_no, Location, type, …)
Patient ( Patient_Id,, Name, date_of_Admiss, …)
Contains (Patient_no, Ward_no)
10. Assignment Rules
M:N Relationship
– Will need Three Tables irrespective of membership class
Teacher StudentTutors
Three tables needed
Teacher (Teacher_name, Subject, Qualification …)
Student ( Reg_no,, Name, date_of_Admiss, Semester …)
Tutors (Teacher_name, Reg_no)
11. Drawing of E-R Diagrams
Following steps be followed to draw E-R Diagrams
1. Identify Entities from the problem definition
2. Investigate and record their inter-relationships
3. Draw E-R diagram showing Entities and Relationships
4. Indicate Degree and Membership Class of each Relationship
5. Validate the ERD against the System Requirements
6. Rationalize
7. Revalidate
8. Using Assignment Rules, convert the diagram into set of fully
normalized tables
12. ERD - A Case Study
Design an appropriate information system for the patients’
appointments and operations activities of a large general
hospital. Initial analysis provide the following brief
description of the existing manual system:
• Patients are dealt with by an appointment system
• Patients must make an appointment for a clinic session held at
one of the hospital’s clinics
• Doctors are allocated one or more appointments within a clinic
session, but only one doctor will be present at each
appointment
• Operations are scheduled and allocated to one of a number of
theatre sessions held in the hospital’s operating theatres, each
doctor may perform a number of given operations on patients
1. First identify the set of Entities from the above description
13. Entities of the System
HOSPITAL
CLINIC
CLINIC-SESSION
APPOINTMENT
PATIENT
DOCTOR
OPERATION
OPERATING-THEATRE
THEATRE-SESSION
2. Investigate and record Inter-relationships
How many total relations are possible, Identify the direct Relations
3. Draw E-R diagram showing Entities and Relationships
18. References
1. NIIT (2005); System Analysis and Design for
Software Engineers; Printice-Hall of India, New
Delhi
2. Paul Beynon-Davies (1989); Information
Systems Development, Macmillan, London, UK;
Ch-5 Entity – Relationship Diagrams pp:38-54
3. P. P-S Chen (1976); the Entity-Relationship
Model – Toward a Unified View of Data; ACM
Transactions on Database Systems 1, pp:9-36
4. Any book on Data Bases or Data Modeling