The document discusses business markets and business buyer behavior. It defines business markets as organizations that buy goods and services to produce other products. Business markets involve larger purchases between fewer but larger buyers than consumer markets. The buying process in business markets is more formalized and complex, with multiple influencers and participants. Key aspects covered include the buying center model, different buying situations, and stages of the business buying process.

1. Chapter 6 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Eighth Edition Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong Business Markets and Business Buyer Behavior

4. The Buying Organization Model of Business Buyer Behavior Marketing and Other Stimuli Buyer’s Response Product Price Place Promotion Economic Technological Political Cultural Interpersonal and Individual Influences Organizational Influences Product or Service Choice Supplier Choice Order Quantities Delivery Terms and Times Service Terms Payment The Buying Center Buying Decision Process

6. Participants in the Business Buying Process: The Buying Center Buying Center Users Gatekeepers Deciders Influencers Buyers

7. Major Influences on Business Buying Environmental Economic, Technological, Political, Competitive & Cultural Organizational Objectives, Policies, Procedures, Structure, & Systems Interpersonal Authority, Status, Empathy & Persuasiveness Individual Age, Education, Job Position, Personality & Risk Attitudes Buyers

8. Stages in the Business Buying Process Problem Recognition General Need Description Product Specification Supplier Search Proposal Solicitation Supplier Selection Order Routine Specification Performance Review

9. Institutional and Government Markets Institutional Markets Low Budgets Captive Patrons Government Markets Specialized Buying Public Review Negotiated Contracts Outside Publics Open Bids