The document outlines the evolution of the internet backbone, beginning with the NSFNET in 1987 and the development of high-speed connections by organizations like IBM and MCI. It discusses the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 as a system for accessing documents, utilizing key components like URLs, HTTP, and hypertext for easy navigation. Additionally, it explains the domain name system (DNS) that translates internet domain names into IP addresses.

2. contents
 Internet Backbone
 World wide web (WWW)
 Hypertext
 Hyperlink
 Universal resource locator
 Hyper text transfer protocol
 Domain name system

3. Internet backbone?
• National science foundation (NSF) created first
high speed backbone in 1987 called NSFNET.
• It was a T1 that connected 170 smaller networks
together and operated at 1.544 (mbps)
• Than IBM, MCI worked with NSF to create the
backbone and developed at a T3 (45 Mbps)
backbone.

4. Continued…..
 Backbones are typically fiber optic
trunk lines.
 The trunk line has multiple fiber optic
cables to increase the capacity.
 It is the central structure that connects
other elements of the network.

6.  Tim berners-lee invented the web in 1989.
 The web is a service a system for accessing
documents that is supported by the internet.
 The web’s creators wanted to create a
simple way to access any document that was
stored on a network without having to search
through indexes or directories of files.

7.  The web relies on three mechanisms to make
these resources readily available to the widest
possible audience.
 A uniform naming scheme for locating resources
on the web (e.g URLs) .
 Protocol for access to named resources over the
web (e.g HTTP).
 Hypertext for easy navigation among resources
(e.g HTML)

9. Hypertext
 A hypertext document Is a specially encoded
file that uses the HTML.
 Hypertext more commonly called as webpage.
 HTML allows a document’s author to embed
hypertext links.
 Hypertext systems provide an easy way to
manage large collections of data, either image,
movie, audio, or text.
 Web documents are linked together because
they are created in a hypertext format.

10. Hyperlink
 A hyperlink is simply a part of the web page
that is linked to a URL.
 A hyperlink can appear as text, an image etc.
 By clicking an hyperlink you jump from present
location to the URL specified by the hyperlink.
 When pointer touches hyperlink text, the
hyperlink URL appears in the browser’s status
bar.

12. HTTP
 To support hypertext document web uses a special
protocol HTTP.
 HTTP is an application protocol.
 It is the protocol used to exchange or transfer
hypertext.
 Used by web browser and web server to
communicate.

14. Universal resource locator (URL)
 The HTTP uses internet addresses in a special
format called a uniform resource locator.
 The intent was to take the idea of telephone
numbers, and apply them to addressing millions of
web pages and machines.
 Today, an estimated 65 billion web pages and
internet transmitters are addressed using URL
names.

15. http://www.explainthatstuff.com/howthewebworks.html
• The http:// means your computer can pull this page off
my computer using the standard process called HTTP.
• www.explainthatstuff.com is the address or domain
name of my computer.
• howthewebworks.html is the name of the file you're
currently reading off my computer.
• The .html part of the filename tells your computer it's an
HTML file

16. Domain name system (DNS)
 The domain name system (DNS) is the way
that Internet domain names are located and
translated into Internet Protocol addresses.
 an Internet service that translates domain
names into IP addresses.
 the domain name www.example.com might
translate to198.105.232.4.