This document provides an overview of basic electronics components. It discusses resistors, which are used to limit current or divide voltage. Capacitors store energy in the form of charge and are used in timing circuits. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction and are used to make rectifiers and gates. Transistors have three terminals - emitter, base, and collector - and can be used to amplify or switch electronic signals. The document describes the basic functions and applications of these fundamental electronics components.

1. BASICS OF ELECTRONICS

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We will be discussing…..
Resistor
Capacitor
Diode
Transister

3. RESISTORS
• Resistors are used to limit current or
divide voltage and in some cases,
generate heat.
• Used for driving circuit which requires low
current and voltage than available.
• A two terminal non-polarised component.

4. Contd…
• Unit of resistance is ohm.
• Notation for resistance
O- for ohm
K- for kilo ohm
M- for mega ohm

5. Physical appearance

6. Practical Use….
• To reduce the current flowing in circuit,
use resistance in parallel.

7. • To reduce the voltage for any circuit, use
resistance in series.

8. CAPACITORS
• A two terminal electronic component
which stores energy in form of charge.
• capacitance is a measure of a capacitor's
ability to store charge.
• A large capacitance means that more
charge can be stored.
• Capacitance is measured in Farads(F) but
prefixes like µF and pF for smaller values.

9. Types of capacitors
• Polarized
which have specified positive and
negative terminals.
• Non-polarized
no defined polarity for terminals.

10. Practical use
• Used for making timer circuits, when used
with resistance.
• Used in clipper, clamper circuit.
• Used for providing instantaneous large
power as in flashlight of cameras.
• Used in DC filter circuits.

11. DIODES
• A two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electric current in only one
direction.

12. The direction of arrow shows the only
possible direction of current.

13. Types of diodes
• LED i.e Light Emitting Diodes
These diodes emit light when provided
with power supply.

14. • Photodiode
These diode generates currents when
exposed to light.

15. Practical use
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Used for making gates
Used for making rectifiers
Used as a switch
LED as indicators
Photodiodes as light detector

16. TRANSISTOR
• A transistor is a semiconductor device
commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
• Device with three terminals where one
terminal can be use to control the flow of
current through the other two terminals.

17. Contd….
• The three terminals are Emitter, Base and
Collector

18. • Transistor are of two types:
1-> n-p-n
A straight switch
2-> p-n-p
A inverted switch

19. n-p-n as straight switch
• When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic high voltage then it short circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).
• When base of n-p-n is connected with
logic low voltage then it open circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).

20. p-n-p as inverted switch
• When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic high voltage then it open circuit
emitter and collector (SWITCH OFF).
• When base of p-n-p is connected with
logic low voltage then it short circuit both
emitter and collector (SWITCH ON).

21. Practically used…
• As a switch
• As an amplifier
• For realizing logic gates

22. Thank You