Resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors are the basic electronic components. Resistors limit current and divide voltage. Capacitors store energy in the form of charge and are used for timing circuits. Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction and are used for rectification and as switches. Transistors have three terminals - emitter, base, and collector - and can be used to amplify or switch signals by controlling the flow of current between the other two terminals using the base. NPN transistors act as a straight switch while PNP transistors act as an inverted switch. These basic components have many practical applications.

1. BASICS OF ELECTRONICS
BY ABDUL-RAHAMAN

2. We will be discussing…..
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Diode
• Transister

3. RESISTORS
• Resistors are used to limit current or divide
voltage and in some cases, generate heat.
• Used for driving circuit which requires low
current and voltage than available.
• A two terminal non-polarised component.

4. • Unit of resistance is ohm.
• Notation for resistance
O- for ohm
K- for kilo ohm
M- for mega ohm
Contd…

5. Physical appearance

6. Color code table

7. Practical Use….
• To reduce the current flowing in circuit, use
resistance in parallel.

8. • To reduce the voltage for any circuit, use
resistance in series.

9. CAPACITORS
• A two terminal electronic component which
stores energy in form of charge.
• capacitance is a measure of a capacitor's
ability to store charge.
• A large capacitance means that more charge
can be stored.
• Capacitance is measured in Farads(F) but
prefixes like µF and pF for smaller values.

10. Types of capacitors
• Polarized
which have specified positive and negative
terminals.
• Non-polarized
no defined polarity for terminals.

11. Practical use
• Used for making timer circuits, when used
with resistance.
• Used in clipper, clamper circuit.
• Used for providing instantaneous large power
as in flashlight of cameras.
• Used in DC filter circuits.

12. DIODES
• A two-terminal electronic component that
conducts electric current in only one direction.

13. The direction of arrow shows the only possible
direction of current.

14. Types of diodes
• LED i.e Light Emitting Diodes
These diodes emit light when provided with
power supply.

15. • Photodiode
These diode generates currents when exposed
to light.

16. Practical use
• Used for making gates
• Used for making rectifiers
• Used as a switch
• LED as indicators
• Photodiodes as light detector

17. TRANSISTOR
• A transistor is a semiconductor device
commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
• Device with three terminals where one
terminal can be use to control the flow of
current through the other two terminals.

18. Contd….
• The three terminals are Emitter, Base and
Collector

19. • Transistor are of two types:
1-> n-p-n
A straight switch
2-> p-n-p
A inverted switch

20. n-p-n as straight switch
• When base of n-p-n is connected with logic
high voltage then it short circuit emitter and
collector (SWITCH ON).
• When base of n-p-n is connected with logic
low voltage then it open circuit both emitter
and collector (SWITCH OFF).

21. p-n-p as inverted switch
• When base of p-n-p is connected with logic
high voltage then it open circuit emitter and
collector (SWITCH OFF).
• When base of p-n-p is connected with logic
low voltage then it short circuit both emitter
and collector (SWITCH ON).

22. Practically used…
• As a switch
• As an amplifier
• For realizing logic gates

23. Thank You