A computer is a machine that allows users to enter data, process information, and produce output like documents, pictures, and music. It uses hardware components that can be touched like a CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, as well as software programs and operating systems to perform tasks. The document then explains the basic parts and functions of a computer system including inputs, processors, memory, outputs, file management, desktop interface, start menu, and booting process.

1.  Prepared by : Manish
Goswami
 E.mail :
goswami_manishp@yahoo.
co.in

2. A computer is a machine made up of parts
that help you enter data, process it, give
the result to draw pictures, prepare
documents, solve sums, play games and
listen music.
It is used to carry out various tasks in
various offices.

4. Hardware – Parts of computer that you can
touch or feel (CPU, Monitor, Key board,
Mouse etc.
Software – as set of instructions or
commands given to a computer. These
instructions are then used to carry out our
tasks in a computer (MS Office, MS
window, PDF, Zoom etc)

5. Switch on the power supply
Switch on the UPS
Switch on the power button on the CPU
cabinet
Switch on the Monitor

6. Input Device
Data enters is called the Input
Key Board
Mouse

7.  CPU cabinet / Box (Central Processing
Unit)
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
CU (Control Unit) – controls the movement
of information between the register , ALU
and the other parts of computer
Register – small memory unit in CPU –
data that will be processed will be stored

8. Monitor – VDU (Visual Display Unit)
Printer
Speakers

9.  Memory
Main Memory – Temporary data storage –
does not store data after the computer is
switched off
Secondary Memory – Files / Data are
stored in secondary memory (Hard disk,
Floppy disc, pen drives, CDs, DVDs etc

10.  Click the start button
 Click on the Power button
 Click on the shut down button
 Switch off the power button on the monitor
 Switch off the UPS
 Switch off the power supply
Note :
The power supply is usually kept on to keep the UPS in a charged
state.

11. An operating system is a software that helps
the computer hardware to work with other
computer software
Single User Operating System – allows
one person to work on it at a time
(Window)
Multi User Operating System – allows
many people to use the same computer at
the same time or at different times
(Window server)

12. Desktop – After the window’s welcome
message appears, a screen which we
sees on the monitor is called Desktop.
And the small pictures are called icons –
icons on the desktop represents document
files

14. Any piece of information stored in the
computer is in the form of file – different
types of data files like sound file, movie
files, document files.
A folder is like a container and is used to
store group of files / folders

15. Is the long horizontal bar at the bottom of
the screen

17. Shut down
Switch User
Log off
Lock
Sleep
Restart
Hibernate

18. When you switch on your computer, the
first program to get loaded into memory
from the hard disk is the operating system.
This process of loading the operating
system is called booting