The document discusses the basic parts of a computer and their functions: - The input unit includes keyboards, mice and microphones which allow data and instructions to enter the computer. The output unit includes monitors, printers and speakers which present the computer's processed results. - The central processing unit (CPU) controls all other parts and processes data according to programmed instructions at high speeds. Memory, including the primary random access memory (RAM) and secondary hard disks, allows data and programs to be stored and retrieved. - All parts work together to allow users to efficiently enter information, process and store data, and review results, making computers useful tools that save time and effort over manual alternatives.

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4. Introduction to Computer
and It’s Basic Parts
GoodMorning!!! GoodMorning!!! GoodMorning!!!

6. A computer is an electronic machine/device
that processes data. Information given to the
computer is called data. Computer works very fast.
It saves your time and energy. It can save a lot of
things.
What is computer?

8. Speaker
Monitor
CPU
Printer
Microphone
Keyboard
Mouse
BASIC PARTS OF
THE COMPUTER

11. Input Unit
The input unit is formed by the input devices attached to the computer.
Input devices are used to interact with a computer system or used enter data
and instructions to the computer. These devices convert input data and
instructions into a suitable binary form such as ASCII, which can be
acceptableby the computer. In brief, an input unit performs the following
function:
It accepts data and instruction from the outside worlds.
It converts these data and instruction into computer understandable from
a binary form.
It supplied the converted data and instruction to the computer system for
further processing.
E.g of input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.

12. Keyboard:
The keyboard is used for entering data
into the computer system. It can type
words, numbers and symbols.

13. Mouse:
The mouse is a pointing device. You can
give input to the computer with the help of
the mouse.

14. Microphone:
A microphone is the mike that can be attached to
a computer. It allows you to input sounds like
speech and songs into the computer. You can
record your voice with the help of a microphone.

15. Output Unit
The output unit is formed by the output devices attached to the
computer. Output devices are used to present result produced
by the computer to the users. The output from the computer is
in the form electric signals, which is then converted into human
understandable form into human readable form.
The examples of output devices are the monitor, printer and
speaker.
The main functions of the output unit are as follow: Accepts the
result produced by the computer which is in electric binary
signals. It then converts the result into human readable form.
Finally, it supplied the converted results to the outside word.

16. Monitor:
A monitor looks like a TV screen.It
shows whatever you type on the
keyboard or draw with the mouse.

17. Printer:
A printer prints the results of your work from
the computer screen on a sheet of paper.
This is called a printout. It is called hard
copy out put device.

18. Speakers:
The speakers are the soft copy output devices
that produce different types of sounds
processed by the computer. You can listen to
songs or speeches stored in the computer with
the help of speakers.

19. Memory Uint
i. Primary Storage
Memory storage that communicates directly with CPU is called
main memory. It enables the computer to store, at least
temporarily data and instruction. It is mainly used to hold data
and instructions and as well as the intermediate result of
processing which the computer system is currently working on.
Primary memory is volatile, that is, it lose its content when
power supply is off. The Random access memory (RAM) is an
example of a primary to main memory.

20. Secondary Storage Devices
ii. Secondary Storage
Auxiliary storage is also known as secondary storage. It is the
memory that supplements the main memory. These are a non-
volatile memory. It is mainly used to transfer data to program
from one computer to another computer. There is high capacity
storage devices used to store data and program permanently.
These are also used as backup devices which allows to store the
valuable information as backup on which you are working on.
The examples of secondary memory are Magnetic Disk, Optical
disk, etc.

21. Processing Device:
All the inputs are stored, arranged and changed by a
computer. The device that helps a computer do so is called
the processing device. The processing device in a computer
is known as Central Processing Unit (CPU).

22. Central Processing Unit
CPU is the component that actually responsible for interpreting and executing most
of the commands from the computer hardware and software and also controls the
operation of all other components such as memory unit, input and output devices. It
simply accepts binary data as input and processes data according to those instructions
and provides the result as output. It is the logic machine. So, its main function is run
the program by fetching instructions from the RAM, evaluating and executing them in
sequence.
In summary, the function of CPU are as follow:
1.Read instruction from memory Communicate with all peripherals using the system
bus.
2.It controls the sequence of instructions.
3. It controls the flow of data from one component to another component.
4. Performs the computing task specified in the program.
The CPU has three components responsible for different function, these
components are Control units, arithmetic-logical unit (ALU) and Register.

23. What is input and output devices in
the computer?
Input Devices:
Devices that help us put data into the computer are
called input devices. They help in giving
instructions to the computer.
Example:
keyboard, mouse, joystick, microphone, web
camera, scanner

24. What is input and output devices in
the computer?
Output Devices:
The parts of a computer that help us to show the
results of processing are called out devices.
Example:
monitor, printer, speakers, headphone, storage
devices (hard disk, floppy disk, compact disc (cd))

25. The computer has become very important
nowadays because it is very much accurate, fast and
can accomplish many tasks
complete those tasks manually
easily. Otherwise to
much more time is
required. It can do very big calculations in just a fraction
of a second. Moreover, it can store huge amount of data
in it.
Why computer is important?

26. Directions: Identify the basic parts of the
computer and write its definition.

27. Now,
Practical Session
1.2 Desktop setting
and
1.3 Typing