Operating System
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The operating system coordinates and monitors all activities of the computer hardware resources, allows running multiple programs simultaneously, and provides file management and security. It stores memory, monitors system performance, and provides user interfaces. Popular operating systems include Macintosh, Unix, and Windows. The operating system boots the system, allows multitasking of programs, connects the computer to the internet, monitors performances, and enables networking and resource sharing between devices while maintaining security.
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System software consists of operating systems and utility programs. Operating systems control computer hardware resources and are divided into stand-alone, server, and embedded categories. The boot process starts when a computer powers on, involving the BIOS performing POST to check components, then the operating system loads files and the desktop. Utility programs allow maintenance tasks like file management, uninstalling programs, and backing up files.
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The operating system
An operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer and allows it to connect to other computers. It performs key functions like processor management by controlling what tasks the CPU performs at a given time, memory management by allocating memory to programs, storage management using file allocation tables to locate files, device management to interact with attached hardware, and provides a user interface to interact with the OS. The main roles of an OS include processor management, memory management, device management, storage management, and providing a user interface.
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The document discusses operating systems and includes the following information:
1. It provides a list of students with their roll numbers and defines what an operating system is as a set of computer programs that controls hardware and acts as an interface between software and hardware.
2. It discusses why operating systems are studied and some of their key components and functions such as processor management, memory management, and file system management.
3. It provides examples of different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, single-user operating systems, and multi-user operating systems and gives prices for some common operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
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An operating system is a program that manages computer hardware and software resources and allows other programs to run. It controls memory, processes input/output, manages files and storage, and connects to peripherals like printers. Common operating systems include Windows, MacOS, Linux, and those found in devices like phones, game consoles, and servers. The main functions of an operating system are to schedule processes, provide a user interface, manage memory allocation, and control connected devices.
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When a computer turns on, the POST checks that the hardware is functioning properly. It then loads the bootstrap loader from the hard drive. The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and establishes the data structures needed to run it. Finally, it hands over control to the operating system, whose core tasks are processor management, memory management, device management, storage management, and providing interfaces for applications and users.
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The document discusses different types of software used in computing. It defines operating systems as programs that manage hardware resources and provide interfaces between users and applications. Common operating systems discussed include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX. Application software refers to programs that perform specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. Utility programs are also covered, including file management, diagnostic, backup, and compression tools. The document concludes by differentiating between proprietary software which is closed-source, and open source software which can be modified and redistributed freely.
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A computer is a machine that allows users to enter data, process information, and produce output like documents, pictures, and music. It uses hardware components that can be touched like a CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, as well as software programs and operating systems to perform tasks. The document then explains the basic parts and functions of a computer system including inputs, processors, memory, outputs, file management, desktop interface, start menu, and booting process.
Operating System
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Fundamental concepts and_principles_of_operating_systems (2)
This document discusses operating systems and their core concepts. It defines system software and its two categories - system software and application software. It describes the functions of an operating system including process management, memory management, file management, I/O management, and more. It also discusses the different types of operating systems like Windows, Linux, dedicated OS for devices. In addition, it covers the components of an OS like the kernel, scheduler, process manager, file manager and shell. Finally, it discusses general purpose versus dedicated operating systems.
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This document discusses factors that affect computer performance such as processor design, clock speed, cache memory, and RAM size. It also discusses how the operating system manages hardware resources and provides a user interface. The main types of operating systems are single-user/single-task, single-user/multi-task, and multi-user. Operating systems schedule tasks, manage memory and processors, communicate with hardware through device drivers, and allow users to interact with computers without deep technical knowledge.
Operating system Tutorial.
What is operating system? Operating System and Its Function. Advantages and Disadvantages of Major OS’s. History of GNU/Linux. Features of Linux OS. The Indianized version of GNU/Linux OS: BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions). Directory Structure of Linux OS and Windows OS.
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The document describes the MS-DOS boot process. It begins with the CPU initialization and BIOS checks like the POST. The BIOS then looks to the MBR and loads the boot code. This boot code looks for the IO.SYS and MSDOS.SYS files to load the kernel. Next CONFIG.SYS is read to configure devices. COMMAND.COM is then loaded, which looks for the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Finally, the command prompt is displayed.
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An operating system is a set of programs that allow for the administration of computer hardware and resources. It performs key functions like managing the processor, memory, inputs/outputs, and running applications. Main features include convenience, efficiency, ability to evolve, and administering hardware. Popular operating systems today include Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android, and Solaris. Operating systems can be classified based on users (single vs multi-user), processes (single vs multi-tasking), processors (single vs multi-processor), and time (real-time vs time-sharing). Drivers allow operating systems to interface with hardware.
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The operating system is the most important program that runs on a computer. It acts as an interface between the computer and user, managing resources and coordinating activities. There are multi-user systems which allow multiple, concurrent users and single-user systems for one user at a time. Operating systems' main functions include resource management, data management, job management, and standard communication between the user and computer. User interfaces allow interaction and include command line interfaces using only keyboard input and graphical user interfaces using keyboards and pointing devices. Popular operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Solaris, and Android.
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The document discusses an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. It describes the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time-sharing systems. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like managing memory, controlling I/O devices, and facilitating file storage. It also differentiates between single-user and multi-user operating systems.
Purpose of OS
An operating system manages key computer components and functions, allowing other programs and applications to run. It controls the central processing unit, manages memory and storage, facilitates input/output to devices, and provides user interfaces. Common operating systems are found on personal computers, phones, servers, and more. They allocate processing time and memory resources to different programs, utilize virtual memory, include file management systems to organize storage, include drivers to communicate with hardware, and provide both command line and graphical user interfaces.
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The document discusses operating systems and includes the following information:
1. It provides a list of students with their roll numbers and defines what an operating system is as a set of computer programs that controls hardware and acts as an interface between software and hardware.
2. It discusses why operating systems are studied and some of their key components and functions such as processor management, memory management, and file system management.
3. It provides examples of different types of operating systems like real-time operating systems, single-user operating systems, and multi-user operating systems and gives prices for some common operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Android.
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An operating system is software that enables programs to use computer hardware. It organizes and controls hardware resources and acts as an interface between programs and hardware. Operating systems perform functions like making computers more convenient to use, allowing efficient use of resources, and enabling computers to evolve without interruption. The structure of an operating system consists of four layers - hardware, the operating system software, system programs, and application programs. Early operating systems used batch processing where jobs were submitted in batches to be executed together, while later systems used multiprogramming and time sharing to allow simultaneous execution of multiple programs. Operating systems can also be classified as single-user or multi-user depending on how many users they support at once.
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The document discusses operating systems. It defines an operating system as system software that manages computer hardware and resources and provides common services for programs. It then discusses operating system functions like booting the computer, managing devices and resources, providing file management and error handling. It also discusses different types of operating systems like batch systems, time sharing systems, multiprocessor systems, distributed systems, and real-time systems.
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This document discusses computer operating systems. It defines an operating system as a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It notes that operating systems are necessary because without them, every program would need full hardware specifications and drivers to run correctly. The document then outlines the history of major operating systems from the 1950s to present day, including UNIX, Mac OS, Windows, Linux, Android and iOS. It also discusses the components of an operating system and how they have evolved from early command line interfaces to modern graphical user interfaces.
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This document discusses operating systems and their functions. It describes different types of operating systems including standalone, server, and embedded/mobile operating systems. Examples provided are Windows, Mac OS X, UNIX, Linux, Windows Server 2008, and mobile operating systems. The key functions of an operating system are outlined as starting and shutting down the computer, managing memory and programs, controlling networks, and monitoring performance. Specific operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, and Linux are briefly described.
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The document discusses the booting process of a computer system. It explains that booting is required because the hardware does not know where the operating system is located or how to load it. It needs a bootstrap loader like the BIOS to locate the kernel in memory and start its execution. It describes the minimum files (command.com, io.sys, msdos.sys) needed to boot to a DOS prompt. The boot process begins with the CPU loading a predefined memory location containing a jump instruction to the bootstrap program (stored in ROM). The BIOS then runs diagnostics, initializes devices and memory, and loads the operating system. Secondary boot loaders like GRUB can load if the active partition is invalid
System architecture
This document discusses computer system architecture and different types of processor systems. It describes single processor systems, which can only process one task at a time, and multiprocessor systems, which can process multiple tasks in parallel using two or more closely communicating processors. Multiprocessor systems provide benefits like increased throughput, reliability if a processor fails, and lower overall costs compared to multiple single processor systems. The document also distinguishes between symmetric multiprocessing, where all processors perform all tasks equally, and asymmetric multiprocessing, where processors have defined boss and worker roles.
Operating systems
An operating system is a program that manages computer hardware and software resources and allows other programs to run. It controls memory, processes input/output, manages files and storage, and connects to peripherals like printers. Common operating systems include Windows, MacOS, Linux, and those found in devices like phones, game consoles, and servers. The main functions of an operating system are to schedule processes, provide a user interface, manage memory allocation, and control connected devices.
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The document summarizes the components and organization of a modern computer system. It consists of a CPU connected through a common bus to various device controllers that provide access to shared memory. Each controller manages a specific device type, like disks or graphics. The CPU and controllers can run in parallel competing for memory access. The initial bootstrap program stored in ROM loads the operating system kernel into memory to start system processes. Hardware and software can trigger interrupts that stop CPU execution and transfer it to a fixed location.
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When a computer turns on, the POST checks that the hardware is functioning properly. It then loads the bootstrap loader from the hard drive. The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and establishes the data structures needed to run it. Finally, it hands over control to the operating system, whose core tasks are processor management, memory management, device management, storage management, and providing interfaces for applications and users.
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The document discusses different types of software used in computing. It defines operating systems as programs that schedule tasks, allocate storage, and provide interfaces between hardware and applications. Common operating systems discussed include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX. Application software refers to programs that perform specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. Utility programs are also covered, including file managers, diagnostic tools, backup utilities, and data compression software. Finally, the document differentiates between proprietary/closed source software and open source software, providing examples of each type.
Operating System
The document discusses different types of software used in computing. It defines operating systems as programs that manage hardware resources and provide interfaces between users and applications. Common operating systems discussed include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and UNIX. Application software refers to programs that perform specific tasks for users like word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. Utility programs are also covered, including file management, diagnostic, backup, and compression tools. The document concludes by differentiating between proprietary software which is closed-source, and open source software which can be modified and redistributed freely.
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A computer is a machine that allows users to enter data, process information, and produce output like documents, pictures, and music. It uses hardware components that can be touched like a CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse, as well as software programs and operating systems to perform tasks. The document then explains the basic parts and functions of a computer system including inputs, processors, memory, outputs, file management, desktop interface, start menu, and booting process.
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The document discusses operating systems and utility programs. It defines operating systems as software that controls computer hardware and coordinates activities. It describes operating system functions like booting, providing interfaces, managing memory/tasks, and updating software. It also outlines types of operating systems and defines utility programs as software for maintenance tasks like file management, security, and disk cleanup.
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Information and Communication Technology in Education
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
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Operating System
- 2. OS is used to Coordinatesand monitor ALL activities/ performances among computer hardware resources. Run several programes at a time. (e.g: Games, Musics, Microsoft Offices etc.) Provide file management and other utilities. Store memory – Non-Volatile memory
- 3. Monitor, asses and report information about programs, system resources and devices. Provide users interfaces Administer security
- 4. Famous OS Macintosh (Apple) Unix Window Microsoft
- 6. OS: Booting System BS contains BOOT DISK - Contains system files that will start PC when PC cannot switched on. BOOT DISK = Recovery Disk *loss of boot disk will jeopardize the whole PC. Never ever lose it.*
- 7. OS: Graphical User Interface (GUI) means users like us, interact with menus and visual images such as in the photos.
- 8. OS: MULTITASKING Running 2 or more programs at the same time. - Foreground shows the prog. you are currently using. - Background shows the prog. that are running but not in use.
- 9. OS: Internet Connection Guides users through setting up connection between PC and Internet service provider.
- 10. OS: Monitor Performances - It overlooks the performances done by users. - It checks the processes occurring at that time. - It assesses information about the programs and devices.
- 11. OS: Network OS Allow users to share resources. Watches over the security by providing password or user name
- 12. THANK YOU FOR READING! :D