1. Material is a key factor in any product and refers to ingredients used to form a particular product. Materials used in construction are called building materials. 2. Building materials need to be studied based on their properties, types of work, availability, and how they change over time. Their physical, mechanical, chemical, and other properties are important to consider. 3. Selection of building materials depends on their ability to meet service, fabrication, economic, and environmental requirements. Materials must be durable, strong, easily available, affordable, and cause minimal pollution.

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3. WHAT IS MATERIAL?
Material is key factor f
M t i l i k f t of any product.
d t
Basically material can b
B i ll t i l be d fi d as an
defined
ingredients which are use to form a particular
product.
The material which are used in construction
work are called construction materials or
building materials.
e.g. Stone, Brick, Aggregate, Cement,
Mortar, Concrete, Lime, Metal, Glass, Paint,
Timber etc
etc. 3

4. ASPECT TO STUDY
THE BUILDING MATERIALS
Properties of material
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Chemical Properties
Testing of materials
Use of material
Selection of material

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6. ON THE BASES OF
TYPES OR WORK OF MATERIAL
Binding materials
e.g.: Cement, Lime, Mortar etc.
Protective materials
e.g.: P i t V
Paints, Varnishes, Pl t i etc.
i h Plastering t
Solid
S lid materials
t i l
e.g.: Bricks, Timber, Aggregate etc.

7. ON THE BASES OF
AVAILIBILITY OF MATERIAL
Naturally available materials
e.g.: Stone, Sand, Clay etc.
Artificial or Industrial or Manmade materials
e.g.: P i t C
Paints, Cement, B i k Gl
t Brick, Glass etc.
t

8. ON THE BASES OF TIME PASSES
Traditional materials
e.g.: Stone, Brick, Timber etc.
Alternative materials
e.g.:
e g : Concrete block Glass Fiber etc
block, Glass, etc.
Composite materials
e.g.: RCC, FRC etc.
Smart materials
e.g.: Dampers, Fuse, C.P.U. etc.
e g : Dampers Fuse C P U etc

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10. Requirements of
Building Materials
Service Fabrication Economic Environmental
Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements

11. SERVICE REQUIREMNTS
Material should satisfy its own properties like size
size,
shape, colour, strength, stiffness, durability,
chemical composition, corrosion resistance etc.
Material should easy to handle.
Material should easily available in nearby area
area.

12. FABRICATION REQUIREMNTS
Fabrication process refer to how a material is
created, processed and assemble.
Material should easily fabricated as per
requirements.
q
e.g.: Metal should be easily casted, forged,
machined, rolled and cut.

13. ECONOMIC REQUIREMNTS
Material should be of good quality
Its initial cost, transportation cost and
maintenance cost should be affordable.

14. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMNTS
Material should create minimum pollution.
It should not react with chemical or any
substance presence in environment
environment.
It should b able t b
h ld be bl to bear weathering affects.
th i ff t

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16. Group Properties
Physical Shape, Size, Density, Specific Gravity etc.,
Strength, Elasticity, Plasticity, Hardness, Toughness,
Mechanical Ductility, Brittleness, Creep, Stiffness, Fatigue, Impact
Strength etc.,
St th t
Thermal conductivity, Thermal resistivity, Thermal
Thermal
capacity etc
etc.,
Corrosion resistance, Chemical composition, Acidity,
Chemical
Alkalinity etc.,
Optical Colour, Light reflection, Light transmission etc.,
Acoustical Sound absorption, Transmission and Reflection.
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Physiochemical
Hygroscopicity, Shrinkage and Swell due to moisture
changes

17. TYPE OF STRUCTURES
Type of
Structure
Load
Framed Combined
Bearing
B i
Structure Structure
Structure

18. LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE
Foundation is constructed beneath the walls
walls.
Load is transmit by load bearing wall to sub-soil
through its foundation.
There is no column is constructed.
Wall thickness: 20,30, or 40 cm.
Maximum 3 storey are permitted.
M i t itt d
It is adopted where soil strata is hard at shallow depth.
With the increases in no. of floors, wall thickness is
decreases.

19. FRAME STRUCTURE
Main structural members are Beams & Columns
Columns.
Beams support the wall & slab.
Foundation is constructed beneath the columns only
not beneath the walls.
Its self weight is less in comparison to load bearing
structure.
structure
It is easy to construct.

20. COMPOSITE STRUCTURE
Columns as well as load bearing masonry walls are
provided.
Load is transmitted to sub-soil by both the members.
It is proffered for construction of floors which has to
cover large area by slabs like exhibition hall, godowns,
public buildings etc
etc.