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Masonry part 3
Masonry loadbearing walls can be reinforced or unreinforced, with reinforcement increasing the load carrying capacity. There are different types of masonry walls including single wythe solid walls, cavity walls with an inner and outer wythe separated by air space, and composite walls made of two different materials. Cavity walls provide insulation and drainage benefits. Masonry walls require flashing at openings and shelf angles to prevent moisture penetration. Thermal insulation can be installed inside the wall cavity, in hollow cores, or on the exterior face. Masonry construction involves integrating masonry walls with other building materials like wood, steel, and concrete.
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Masonry part 3
- 1. Masonry Loadbearing Wall Construction
- 2. Masonry Wall TypesReinforced or Un-reinforced Reinforcing Increases Load Carrying Capacity Uses: Low Rise Construction, Foundations One Type or Composite Masonry Walls Composite; Two Wythes of Different Material Typ. - CMU & Brick Solid or Cavity Walls
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- 6. Cavity Walls CommonConstruction for Exterior Walls Insulating Value Reduced Weight Drainage
- 7. Cavity Wall ConstructionInner Wythe or support wall Air Space (Insulation & Drainage) Outer Wythe of Masonry Masonry Ties to hold the Wythes together
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- 17. Masonry Flashing External Flashing Prevents Moisture Penetration Types Material
- 18. Internal Flashing ThroughWall (Concealed) Flashing Collects water Drainage Through Weeps Placement
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- 22. Flashings over WallOpenings
- 23. Thermal Insulation OutsideFace (typically EIFS) Within the Wall In the Cavity or In the Hollow Cores On the Inside Face
- 24. Insulation in CMUcells Insulation in Cavity Insulation in Cavity External Insulation
- 25. Insulation being installedin the cavity
- 26. Masonry Construction Masonryand Wood Masonry and Steel Masonry and Concrete
- 27. CMU Masonry withJoist & Metal Decking
- 28. CMU with PrecastConcrete Decking
- 29. MPE Rough-In Rough-inElectrical Plumbing HVAC Fire Damper Electrical Rough-in
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- 31. Expansion & ContractionStructure Movement, Masonry Changes Expansion Joints Within Masonry Wall Two-way Movement @ Change in Thickness, Height, or Openings Isolation Joints
- 32. Expansion Joint WeepHoles
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- 34. Other Special ProblemsEfflorescence Joint Deterioration Moisture Penetration Hot & Cold Weather Construction
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- 37. Masonry and theCodes Masonry often used as a fire separation wall Used with Steel and Concrete Decks - Type 1&2
Editor's Notes
- #4 Reinforcing increases Loadbearing Capacity
- #6 Reinforcing placed in CMU cells and cells filled with concrete Reinforcing placement determined by structural designer
- #18 External Flashing Prevents Moisture Penetration Types CAP FLASHING - TOP OF WALLS EDGE OF ROOFS COUNTER FLASHING WALL / ROOF INTERSECTION OFTEN TWO PIECES - ONE IN WALL / ONE ATTACHED Material SHEET METAL COPPER SS PLASTICS & COMPOSITES
- #19 “Through Wall” (Concealed) Flashing CONTINUOUS SHEET OF COPPER, PLASTIC, RUBBER/BITUMINOUS ATTACHED TO BACKUP WALL & RUN THROUGH TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE MASONRY Collects water WATER THAT HAS PENETRATED WALL ALLOWS IT DRAIN THROUGH “WEEPS” ACCOMPANIED BY WEEPS Drainage Through “Weeps” PLACED 24 TO 32 in o.c. ROPE, PLASTIC, METAL (ALSO CAN JUST STOP MORTAR) > 1/4 IN. Placement @ BOTTOM OF WALL CAVITY @ INTERUPTIONS OF CAVITY OVER DOORS / WINDOWS WINDOW SILLS SHELF ANGLES -
- #30 Electrical WALL OUTLETS, SWITCHES “ BUILT INTO” WALL HORIZONTAL - SLEEVES Plumbing NOT BUILT INTO WALL (COPPER, CI, PVC) SLEEVES FOR HORIZONTAL PENETRATIONS HVAC TYPICALLY NOT BUILT INTO WALL SLEEVES FOR HORIZONTAL PENETRATIONS MAY REQUIRE FIRE DAMPERS
- #32 Structure Movement, Masonry Changes WEIGHT / LOADING MASONRY - THERMAL EXPANSION/CONTRAC MUST PROVIDE FOR - OR CRACKING Expansion Joints Within Masonry Wall Two-way Movement @ Change in Thickness, Height, or Openings JT REINFORCING / MORTAR MUST BE INTERUPTED Isolation Joints @ DISSIMALR MATERIALS
- #35 Efflorescence FLUFFY WHITE POWDER @ SURFACE WATER SOLUBLE SALTS CAN BE CLEANED WATER INFILTRATION Mortar Joint Deterioration FREEZE THAW DELAY BY PROPER JOINT PROFILE TUCK POINTING - RACK OUT AND REPLACE Moisture Penetration COVERED PROPER JOINTS AND INSTALLATION COATINGS, MATERIAL SELECTION CAVITY CONSTRUCTION Cold Weather Construction MORTAR CAN’T FREEZE UNTIL CURED ENCLOSURES (HEATED) ADMIXTURES TO SPEED SETTING TIME Hot Weather – Mortar may dry out excessively