Concrete is a primary construction material composed of cement, aggregate, water, and admixtures, widely used for structures like pavements and foundations. It possesses high compressive strength but low tensile strength, and is subject to issues like plastic shrinkage and crazing. Various types of concrete exist, tailored for specific applications by adjusting the ingredient proportions.

1. Construction
Materials
Mohammed Hilal Al-Ismaily
12s10125

2.  One of the most important material used on constructions.
 One of the widest used construction material wide-world.
 Can be placed and molded into any shape.
 The United States almost uses this material twice as any other
construction materials combined. (
 What do think it is ?

3. ConcreteLauran Stimac , 2003

4. Main Points
Concrete Definition
Concrete Uses
Concrete Properties
Concrete types
Concrete Problems

5. First - Concrete Definition
• Concrete is:
 Composed mainly of cement, aggregate, water, and chemical admixtures.
 A powdery substance made with lime and clay.
Sand, gravel and crushed stone.
Joel Sartore , 2014

6. Second - Concrete Uses
• Used to :
 Make pavements, pipe, structures, foundations, roads, bridges/overpasses,
walls and footings for gates.

7. Concrete Properties
• Concrete has :
 High compressive strength , low tensile strength.
 Elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts
decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops.
 Concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension.

8. Concrete Types
• There are various types of concrete for different applications that are
created by changing the proportions of the main ingredients.
• The mix design depends on the type of structure being built.
• The are more than 20 type of concrete.

9. Fifth - Concrete Problems
 Problem #1: Plastic Shrinkage
• Plastic shrinkage occurs when a high rate of water evaporates from the
concrete surface and is affected by :
• temperature, humidity, velocity and temperature of concrete.
 Problem #2: Crazing
• Crazing is caused by rapid moisture loss.
SERKAN KOÇ,2003

10.  Concrete Definition
• Water + Cement + Aggregate
 Concrete Uses
• Structures / Foundations / Pipes …
 Concrete Properties
• High compressive strength / Elasticity
 Concrete types
• More than 20 types
 Concrete Problems
• Plastic Shrinkage / Crazing

11. oWeb
o Smith.(June 2007).ConstructionAggregate ,Mining Engineering
Retrieved 2015-10-23
o Miller, F. MacGregor(Oct ,2013) "Quality Protocol for Aggregates”
Aggregain.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-10-23
oBooks
o J. C. Hayes, and H. M. Mann. 1954. Permeability of portland cement paste
o Nelson Bolen (June 2008). "ConstructionAggregates”

12. Questions