This document provides an overview of environment management. It discusses key topics like what environment management is, the environment management system, definitions of environment and ecosystem, causes of pollution like population growth and fossil fuel usage. It also summarizes important issues in India like air pollution from industries and vehicles, the Bhopal gas tragedy, and causes of water and soil pollution. The objectives of the course are to understand human impacts on the environment and means for sustainable development.

1. Environment Management
Prof. Sharmila Anthony
Unit : 01

2. Syllabus : MMS IV
 Unit 1:
1. What is Environment Management?
2. Environment Management System
3. What is environment?
4. Common concepts to learning environment
5. Issues relevant to India

3. Objective of the course
 To understand the effects of modern human
society on environment
 To understand the effects of
industrialization on environment
 To understand the various government
legislations for environment protection
 To study the means for sustainable
development

4. Why do we need to study this
course?
 Currently we have just one
planet that can sustain life –
EARTH

5.  Earth twin – planet called Kepler – too hot
for life ( - NASA – December 2011)

6. Why do we need to study this
course?
 Resources are limited
- Space on earth
- Non Renewable Energy
- Natural Resources
 To understand our
responsibilities towards the
environment & adopt an
environment friendly system of
working

7. What is Environment Management?
 EM is the optimum utilization of finite
resources.
 Management means protecting the available
resources from degradation
 It is the process of taking steps to have a
positive effect on the environment.
 It involves the wise use of activity and
resources to have an impact on the world &
the environment

8. Environment Management System?
 It is a process used by organizations to
manage, review, correct & improve the
organizations approach towards business
 A structured way to incorporate environment
friendly initiatives into day to day operations.
 A way of life….

9. Environment Management System

10. What is Environment?
 It may be defined as the surroundings of
man which includes:
1. Air
2. Water
3. Land
4. Natural resources
5. Flora (plant kingdom) &
6. Fauna (animal kingdom)

11. Contd..
 Environment consists of biotic & abiotic
factors
 Biotic factors include all living beings
 Abiotic includes non living beings
 Living organisms use abiotic elements
around them for food & shelter in order to
grow, survive & reproduce.

12. Biotic & Abiotic factors

13. Contd..
 Thus, the nature of abiotic factors in a place
decides the nature of living organisms that
will live in that place.
 E.g : Polar Bears in
Artic Region

14. Ecosystem!
 The interaction between the biotic & abiotic
factors together forms an ECOSYSTEM or
Ecological System
 Earth has different ecosystems in different
parts like equator, desserts, evergreen
forests, coral reefs, polar regions etc.
 Different ecosystems living in harmony
results in BIODIVERSITY of our universe!

15. E.g: Marine Ecosystem

16. Common concepts:
 Fossil fuels are decomposed
remains of ancient plants &
animals.
 Over time, due to heat & pressure,
these remains are turned into fuels
which release energy when
burned
 They take millions of years to
form. E.g: Coal, petroleum, gas
 Industrialization has resulted in
large scale burning of fossil fuels
in industries & vehicles resulting
into global warming!
 Fossil fuels are non renewable
energy sources. They are likely to
deplete with time.

17. Contd..
 Renewable energy: It is the energy
obtained from resources that are
inexhaustible & can be regenerated
 Example:
1. Wind energy
2. Solar energy
3. Tidal energy

18. Environmental Pollution
 Pollution is the effect of undesirable
change in our surroundings that have
harmful effects on plants, animals &
human beings.
 Pollution is mainly man made.
 Pollution due to earth becoming hot &
crowded.

19. Crowded!
 World population in :
- Year 1800 – 1 billion
- Year 1922 – 2 billion
- Year 2000 – 6 billion
- Year 2050 – 9 billion (estimated)
 Population increase is due to :
- Health care – increase in life span
- Disease eradication – better facilities available
- Economic development resulting into crowding in
developing nations

20.  Maximum growth is observed in lesser
developed countries – due to economic
growth – rise in population from 5.4 billion
to 7.9 billion
 Mumbai has a population of over 19
million

21. World population growth

23. Effects of Crowding?
 Loss of arable land
 Over fishing
 Water shortage
 Air & water pollution
 Stress on cities infrastructure

24. Issues relevant to India
 Air pollution: Origin can be traced back to the time when
man started using firewood for cooking
 Air pollution began to increase in the beginning of 20th
century with industrial revolution, development of
transportation system which led to large scale consumption of
diesel, petrol, coal & natural gas.
 The greatest industrial disaster leading to serious air pollution
took place in Bhopal where extremely poisonous Methyl Iso
Cyanate (MIC) gas was accidently released from Union
Carbide pesticide manufacturing plant on the night of
Dec,2,1984.

26. Bhopal gas tragedy
 On 2nd December, 1984 at about 12:30 AM at
Union Carbide pesticide plant at Bhopal, a
deadly poisonous gas MIC was released into
the atmosphere, due to a faulty valve which
resulted in the explosion of the tank holding
the gas.
 40,000 kg of the lethal gas was released.

27. Reasons behind the tragedy:
 MIC needs to be kept below 5 degree
centigrade under pressure. But the
refrigeration system was not functioning for
more than 1 yr prior to the accident.
 Safety valve was poorly maintained & was
defective
 It is estimated that temperatures rose upto 350
degrees in the tank resulting into
decomposition of the gas – creating a cocktail
of poisonous gases.

28. Impact on people?
 About 20,000 people died due to gas
poisoning
 5.7 lakh people suffered major health
problems
 MIC mainly affects the lungs – causing
breathing problems.
 It made people vulnerable to TB & other lung
related problems.

29. • After a prolonged legal battle, Union Carbide
agreed to pay Rs. 713 crores as compensation
for affected victims
• Govt. arbitarily fixed 1,05,000 as affected
people & 3000 as dead
• But in reality, nearly 20,000 people died &
5.7 lakh people suffered major health
problems
• Compensation amount of 713 crores was
meant for 1 lakh people but was distributed
among 6 lakh

30. Causes of Airpollution
 Natural causes
1. Volcanoes – dust, sulphur other gases
2. Forest fires
These pollutants tend to remain in the
atmosphere for a short time and do not lead
to permanent atmospheric change

31.  Man made causes
1. Emissions from vehicles
2. Emissions from industries
3. Emissions from man made gases – CFC
from refrigerators, deodrants, air
conditioners etc..

32. Control Measures for Air Pollution
1. Electrostatic precipitators: highly efficient
filters that can remove fine particulate matter
like dust & smoke from air stream
2. Particulate scrubbers: Polluted gas stream is
brought into contact with a scrubbing liquid
to remove pollutants
3. Dust cyclones that use rotational effect &
gravity to remove pollutants

33. Water pollution
 71% of earth covered with
water
 97% of this water is found in
oceans – too salty to drink or
for irrigation
 3% is fresh water
 2.997% locked in polar ice
caps
 Thus only 0.003% of earths
total volume of water is
available in the form of
ground water, lakes & rivers
stc..

34. Causes of water pollution
1. Domestic wastage
2. Industrial sewage
3. Excess use of fertilizers in
agricultural field, which seeps
through the ground
4. Accidental oil spills

35. State of Indian rivers
 Every single river in India is polluted – Ganga, Yamuna,
Godavari
 Sewage & muncipal effluents account for 75% pollution
& remaining 25% comes from industrial effluents
 1985 – Govt of India launched Ganga Action Plan
(GAP), the largest ever river clean up operation in the
country
 1991 – GAP Phase II was introduced to clean up
tributaries of Ganga – namely Yamuna,Gomti etc..
 1995 – National River Conservation Plan was launched
for all Indian rivers clean up operation.

36. Drawback
 In most plans, the sewage was diverted to a
sewage treatment plant before letting into the
main river.
 Biggest drawback was lack of responsibility in
terms of the staff that was involved with GAP
 Erratic power supply was required for the
treatment plants as they were heavily dependant
on power
 Hence most facilities were underutilized

37. Soil Pollution
 Soil – thin covering over land consisting of minerals,
organic material, living organisms, air, & water that
together supports growth of plant life
 Soil is formed by mechanical weathering of rocks
due to temperature changes, flowing water etc.
 Soil cannot be manufactured
 Fertility of soil can be enhanced
 There is no substitute for soil

38. Causes of soil pollution
1. Erosion – It is the movement of top soil from one
place to another – due to wind, flowing water and
this is accelerated further by deforestation,
construction etc..
 Loss of top soil makes soil less fertile & reduces its
water holding capacity
 For 1 inch top soil to form, it takes 200 – 1000 yrs.
 Thus if top soil erodes faster that it is formed, soil
becomes a non renewable resource

39. Contd..
2. Excess use of fertilizers/pesticides – 25% of
crop yield is through use of fertilizers.
 Pesticides are used to ensure good yield
 Excess use not only affects soil but also
pollutes the ground water through soil
seepage

40. Questions

41.  Unit 2:
1. Significance of Environment Management
2. Present status of Environment Management
3. Role & Functions of government
4. Managerial Aspects in EM – Sustainable
Development