3. Figure Subfields of the Classical Perspective on Management 2– Focuses on the individual worker’s productivity Focuses on the functions of management Focuses on the overall organizational system
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6. Steps in Scientific Management Develop a science for each element of the job to replace old rule-of-thumb methods Scientifically select employees and then train them to do the job as described in step 1 Supervise employees to make sure they follow the prescribed methods for performing their jobs Continue to plan the work, but use workers to get the work done 2 1 4 3 Figure 1.3
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16. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs SA Esteem Needs Social Needs Security Needs Physiological Needs
21. Developed by N. Zaidi The Integrated Systems Model Feedback Inputs From the environment: Human Material Financial Information Processing Transformation process: Technology Operating systems Administrative systems Control systems Outputs Into the environment Product Services Profit/loss Employee behavior Information
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25. An Integrative Framework of Management Perspectives Systems Approach • Recognition of internal interdependencies • Recognition of environmental influences Contingency Perspective • Recognition of the situational nature of management • Response to particular characteristics of situation Classical Management Perspectives Methods for enhancing efficiency and facilitating planning, organizing, and controlling Behavioral Management Perspectives Insights for moti- vating performance and understanding individual behavior, groups and teams, and leadership Quantitative Management Perspectives Techniques for improving decision making, resource allocation, and operations Effective and efficient management
