This document describes the design of a cam reciprocating engine as an alternative to conventional reciprocating engines with crankshafts. The new design aims to improve volumetric efficiency by removing all exhaust gas particles from the combustion chamber clearance volume. It does this by using a piston shape that matches the clearance volume, allowing it to push out exhaust gases during the exhaust stroke. A cam is used instead of a crankshaft to enable variable stroke lengths, providing clearance volume during compression but removing it during exhaust. The document provides the specifications of an example engine and details the design process for the cam profile and piston.
The document discusses turbochargers and superchargers. It defines them as methods to increase the power of an engine by increasing the flow of air inducted. A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives an air compressor. A supercharger is mechanically driven directly by the engine. The document outlines the working principles and components of each system. It discusses factors considered in turbocharger selection like pressure ratios and efficiencies. The document also summarizes an experiment evaluating a turbocharged agricultural tractor engine, finding increased torque, power, and operating range compared to the naturally aspirated engine.
This document discusses turbochargers. It is authored by Afrasiab UW-15-EE-BSC-062, Farmanullah UW-15-EE-BSC-090, Ibadullah UW-15-EE-BSC-058, and Ihsan Elahi UW-15-EE-BSC-096. The document defines a turbocharger, explains how it works using exhaust gases to compress more air into the engine, and discusses its parts, design, sizing, and boost control. It also covers failures, maintenance issues, applications, advantages like improved fuel efficiency and power, and disadvantages such as cost and complex installation requirements.
This document presents a project presentation by six students at Seacom Engineering College on the study and demonstration of the principles of a turbocharger. It includes definitions of a turbocharger and supercharger, explanations of why turbochargers are used instead of superchargers, diagrams of key turbocharger components like the turbine, compressor, shaft, and housing. It also covers the Brayton cycle that turbochargers are based on and comparisons of naturally aspirated versus supercharged engine P-V diagrams. Application areas and improvements in turbocharger performance over time are summarized as well.
The document discusses turbochargers, including their advantages over other charging methods like superchargers. It describes how turbochargers can increase engine power and efficiency while reducing engine size. It also covers various turbocharger components like turbines, bearings and vibration, as well as operating issues like fouling, surging and fires in the scavenge system.
•Diesel power plant
•Advantages & disadvantages
•Site selection
• Diesel power plant working principle
•Terms related with ic engines
•Four stroke cycle diesel engines
•2-Stroke diesel engine
•Difference Between 2 Stroke and 4 Stroke Engines
The document presents information on turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It discusses that a turbocharger uses an engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to increase the mass of air entering the engine. This results in greater engine performance and power. The key components of a turbocharger are the turbine, compressor, and center housing. The objective is to improve volumetric efficiency by compressing ambient air before it enters the intake manifold at a higher pressure, allowing more air into the cylinders per stroke. The exhaust gases drive the turbine which powers the compressor, converting the exhaust's potential energy into rotational energy to drive the compressor.
The document provides an overview of gas turbines and jet propulsion. It begins with an introduction to gas turbines, explaining that gas turbines use a gaseous working fluid to generate mechanical power or thrust. It then covers objectives, classifications of gas turbines, applications, and methods to improve efficiency. The document also discusses jet propulsion principles, types of jet engines including turbojets, turbofans, ramjets and rockets. It provides details on components and workings of different jet engine and rocket types.
Forced induction increases an engine's power by compressing the intake air, allowing more fuel to be burned. A forced induction system uses either a turbocharger or supercharger. A turbocharger is a turbine powered by exhaust gases that spins a compressor increasing intake air pressure. A supercharger directly drives an air compressor from the engine. Both increase power but turbochargers can have lag while superchargers have no lag but are more complex. Forced induction improves efficiency and power, especially at high altitudes, but also increases temperatures requiring intercooling or risking detonation.
The document discusses turbochargers and superchargers. It defines them as methods to increase the power of an engine by increasing the flow of air inducted. A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives an air compressor. A supercharger is mechanically driven directly by the engine. The document outlines the working principles and components of each system. It discusses factors considered in turbocharger selection like pressure ratios and efficiencies. The document also summarizes an experiment evaluating a turbocharged agricultural tractor engine, finding increased torque, power, and operating range compared to the naturally aspirated engine.
This document discusses turbochargers. It is authored by Afrasiab UW-15-EE-BSC-062, Farmanullah UW-15-EE-BSC-090, Ibadullah UW-15-EE-BSC-058, and Ihsan Elahi UW-15-EE-BSC-096. The document defines a turbocharger, explains how it works using exhaust gases to compress more air into the engine, and discusses its parts, design, sizing, and boost control. It also covers failures, maintenance issues, applications, advantages like improved fuel efficiency and power, and disadvantages such as cost and complex installation requirements.
This document presents a project presentation by six students at Seacom Engineering College on the study and demonstration of the principles of a turbocharger. It includes definitions of a turbocharger and supercharger, explanations of why turbochargers are used instead of superchargers, diagrams of key turbocharger components like the turbine, compressor, shaft, and housing. It also covers the Brayton cycle that turbochargers are based on and comparisons of naturally aspirated versus supercharged engine P-V diagrams. Application areas and improvements in turbocharger performance over time are summarized as well.
The document discusses turbochargers, including their advantages over other charging methods like superchargers. It describes how turbochargers can increase engine power and efficiency while reducing engine size. It also covers various turbocharger components like turbines, bearings and vibration, as well as operating issues like fouling, surging and fires in the scavenge system.
•Diesel power plant
•Advantages & disadvantages
•Site selection
• Diesel power plant working principle
•Terms related with ic engines
•Four stroke cycle diesel engines
•2-Stroke diesel engine
•Difference Between 2 Stroke and 4 Stroke Engines
The document presents information on turbochargers for internal combustion engines. It discusses that a turbocharger uses an engine's exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins a compressor to increase the mass of air entering the engine. This results in greater engine performance and power. The key components of a turbocharger are the turbine, compressor, and center housing. The objective is to improve volumetric efficiency by compressing ambient air before it enters the intake manifold at a higher pressure, allowing more air into the cylinders per stroke. The exhaust gases drive the turbine which powers the compressor, converting the exhaust's potential energy into rotational energy to drive the compressor.
The document provides an overview of gas turbines and jet propulsion. It begins with an introduction to gas turbines, explaining that gas turbines use a gaseous working fluid to generate mechanical power or thrust. It then covers objectives, classifications of gas turbines, applications, and methods to improve efficiency. The document also discusses jet propulsion principles, types of jet engines including turbojets, turbofans, ramjets and rockets. It provides details on components and workings of different jet engine and rocket types.
Forced induction increases an engine's power by compressing the intake air, allowing more fuel to be burned. A forced induction system uses either a turbocharger or supercharger. A turbocharger is a turbine powered by exhaust gases that spins a compressor increasing intake air pressure. A supercharger directly drives an air compressor from the engine. Both increase power but turbochargers can have lag while superchargers have no lag but are more complex. Forced induction improves efficiency and power, especially at high altitudes, but also increases temperatures requiring intercooling or risking detonation.
Turbochargers and superchargers compress air entering an internal combustion engine to increase power output. Turbochargers use exhaust gases to drive a turbine which spins a compressor, while superchargers use a belt connected to the engine crankshaft. Early applications included large ships and trucks in the 1930s. Turbocharged passenger cars debuted in the 1960s but had reliability issues. Stricter emissions regulations in the 1980s increased turbocharging of diesel truck engines. Today various turbocharger designs are used to optimize performance across the engine's rev range.
The document discusses turbochargers and provides details about their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It then summarizes a research case study on the effects of applying thermal barrier coatings to diesel engine components. The study found that coatings reduced emissions, increased exhaust temperatures, and improved efficiency. Specifically, it showed reductions in CO, HC, and particulate emissions of 35-40%, 40%, and 48%, respectively, along with a 10% increase in thermal efficiency.
Turbocharger and supercharger boosted power by reusing exhaust air to get power. It mainly discuss about turbocharger working and supercharger working. In this presentation includes turbocharger diagram and supercharger diagram for more understanding. Turbocharger moto is to deliver high torque from used gases.Turbocharger and supercharger really biggest revolution in automobile industry.Turbocharger and supercharger on same engine can enhance power but it may increases weight and tension on engine and gear.it may disturbs gear cycle in engine.
This document discusses turbochargers and superchargers. It defines them as devices used to increase the air intake of an engine, with a turbocharger utilizing exhaust gases to power a turbine and compressor, while a supercharger is mechanically powered. It outlines the key parts and workings of each system, as well as their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Turbochargers provide better fuel efficiency but can experience lag, while superchargers have no lag but are less efficient.
The document discusses turbochargers, which are turbine-driven devices that force extra air into an engine's combustion chamber, improving efficiency and power output. It describes the three main components of a turbocharger - the turbine, compressor, and center housing. Turbochargers improve volumetric and thermal efficiencies by utilizing otherwise wasted exhaust gas energy. They increase power and efficiency while reducing an engine's weight and cost. Common applications include petrol and diesel cars, motorcycles, trucks, and aircraft. The document lists several turbocharger manufacturers and concludes that turbocharged vehicles have proven more efficient and powerful.
A turbocharger increases an engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber using a turbine powered by exhaust gases. It consists of a turbine, compressor, and center housing. The turbine converts exhaust energy into rotational energy, powering the compressor to increase air density and allow more air into each cylinder. This provides more power but can cause lag until boost is generated. Turbochargers are commonly used on vehicles and construction equipment to improve performance or fuel efficiency without increasing engine size.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
The seminar discussed turbochargers and superchargers. A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases spinning a turbine that is connected to a compressor, which increases the air intake density. A supercharger also increases air intake density but uses a mechanically driven compressor. Both systems allow an engine to burn more fuel and produce more power. The seminar covered the construction, components, types such as roots and centrifugal, and advantages and disadvantages of turbochargers and superchargers.
A supercharger compresses air entering an engine, allowing for more fuel and a more powerful explosion. It works by using a mechanically driven compressor to boost intake air pressure above atmospheric levels. There are three main types - Roots, twin-screw, and centrifugal superchargers - which differ in their compression mechanisms and efficiencies. While a supercharger adds initial costs and ongoing strain to an engine, it provides notable gains in horsepower and torque without the lag of a turbocharger. Overall, superchargers effectively boost engine performance for applications requiring rapid response.
The automobile industry has seen a very rapid growth in the past decade, this is followed by the evolution from ordinary inline cylinder engines to high performance V-type engines, etc., but the parameters which take the centre stage of the competition are efficiency, power, and environmental safety. One technology that is going to be the heart of the future diesel cars is TWIN TURBO technology. The basic principle is derived from the old familiar turbo mechanism. This uses the exhaust from the engine to pressurize the inlet air, thereby providing more oxygen to flow through the combustion chamber, to burn the fuel more efficiently and thus increasing the power output. Unlike the Bi-Turbo mechanism, this Twin Turbo is a combination of two turbo chargers mounted serially rather than in parallel. This configuration offers the car a whopping 112 BHP per litre (1000cc) of engine capacity, which is a world record. And it produces a maximum torque of 400Nm at 1400 RPM. Even though the car delivers a much higher power than its counterparts, it still maintains the conventional 16.5 KMpL as mileage. The environmental safety standard is the major consideration today; this technology is EURO V ready. The only car in India, which has this facility, is Hyundai i20. This technology if properly adopted by the automobile industry could provide a major breakthrough in the Indian commercial car manufacturing.
A turbocharger uses the heat energy from exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. It allows an engine to produce more power without increasing engine size. A turbocharger has a turbine section, compressor section, shaft connecting the turbine and compressor, and bearing housing. It works by partially exhaust gases powering the turbine, which spins the compressor to pressurize incoming air before it enters the engine, allowing for more efficient combustion. Turbochargers are used in cars, trucks, motorcycles, aircraft and marine engines to improve power density without increasing engine size.
Turbocharger and Supercharger (Anil Sharma)ANIL SHARMA
Superchargers and turbochargers both work to increase the density of the air-fuel mixture inducted into an engine, allowing for more power output. A supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine's crankshaft, while a turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine which spins a compressor. Superchargers provide immediate power but are less efficient, while turbochargers have lag but allow for smaller engine sizes. Both systems provide more horsepower but also have disadvantages like increased cost, complexity, and maintenance requirements.
FABRICATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF TUEBOCHARGER ON TWO STROKE VEHICLEijiert bestjournal
In present situation everybody in this world needs to ride a high powered,high fuel efficient and less emission two wheelers. In order to meet the requirements of the people an attempt have been made this in this proje ct to increase the power by using the exhaust gas of the engine by passing this gas o n to turbine compressor arrangement. This compressor compresses the fresh a ir and is sent to the carburetor. Now a days the demand of the fuel is increased beca use of turbocharger is important to increase the performance and the fuel efficiency is increased by using turbocharger.
What is a turbocharger and wastergate? And, how to diagnose a defective turbocharger? If you have more auto parts questions please view our other auto parts presentations.
This document provides information about turbine sections in gas turbine engines. It discusses the operation of different turbine blade types and how blades are attached to disks. It describes nozzle guide vanes and the causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep. It explains the functions of the turbine to drive compressors and accessories. It also summarizes the types of turbines, including axial flow and radial inflow turbines, and describes impulse, reaction and reaction-impulse turbine blades.
The document provides information about turbocharging and supercharging engines. It explains that turbochargers and superchargers work by forcing more air into the engine cylinders to increase power. A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives an air compressor, while a supercharger is driven directly by the engine. The document describes the different types of superchargers and turbochargers, and discusses how boost pressure is controlled and maintenance procedures for forced induction systems.
This document discusses turbochargers, which are devices that increase an engine's power and efficiency by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber using the exhaust gases' kinetic energy. Turbochargers provide benefits like more power without increasing engine size, but can cause issues like turbo lag as the turbine spins up. The document covers different types of turbochargers like twin-scroll and variable-geometry models and discusses their applications, performance characteristics, components, sensitivities, maintenance needs, advantages, and disadvantages.
1) The document discusses converting a 4-stroke engine to a compressed air engine by modifying the camshaft design to allow intake and exhaust valves to open once per revolution of the crankshaft instead of once every two revolutions.
2) Key modifications include changing the camshaft profile to include two additional lobes to control valve timing, and combining the intake and power strokes into one stroke since compressed air would be used instead of an air-fuel mixture.
3) Mathematical calculations are provided to determine the engine's indicated horsepower, brake horsepower, friction horsepower, work done, and torque based on parameters like mean effective pressure, displacement volume, and rpm.
The document describes a new type of internal combustion engine called the OX2 engine. It has only six major components, with three moving parts. It works by using two piston plates and eight cylinders arranged in a circle to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion. Testing shows the new design improves efficiency, torque, and horsepower over previous iterations. The OX2 engine promises to be more efficient, powerful, and eco-friendly than traditional engines.
Turbochargers and superchargers compress air entering an internal combustion engine to increase power output. Turbochargers use exhaust gases to drive a turbine which spins a compressor, while superchargers use a belt connected to the engine crankshaft. Early applications included large ships and trucks in the 1930s. Turbocharged passenger cars debuted in the 1960s but had reliability issues. Stricter emissions regulations in the 1980s increased turbocharging of diesel truck engines. Today various turbocharger designs are used to optimize performance across the engine's rev range.
The document discusses turbochargers and provides details about their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It then summarizes a research case study on the effects of applying thermal barrier coatings to diesel engine components. The study found that coatings reduced emissions, increased exhaust temperatures, and improved efficiency. Specifically, it showed reductions in CO, HC, and particulate emissions of 35-40%, 40%, and 48%, respectively, along with a 10% increase in thermal efficiency.
Turbocharger and supercharger boosted power by reusing exhaust air to get power. It mainly discuss about turbocharger working and supercharger working. In this presentation includes turbocharger diagram and supercharger diagram for more understanding. Turbocharger moto is to deliver high torque from used gases.Turbocharger and supercharger really biggest revolution in automobile industry.Turbocharger and supercharger on same engine can enhance power but it may increases weight and tension on engine and gear.it may disturbs gear cycle in engine.
This document discusses turbochargers and superchargers. It defines them as devices used to increase the air intake of an engine, with a turbocharger utilizing exhaust gases to power a turbine and compressor, while a supercharger is mechanically powered. It outlines the key parts and workings of each system, as well as their applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Turbochargers provide better fuel efficiency but can experience lag, while superchargers have no lag but are less efficient.
The document discusses turbochargers, which are turbine-driven devices that force extra air into an engine's combustion chamber, improving efficiency and power output. It describes the three main components of a turbocharger - the turbine, compressor, and center housing. Turbochargers improve volumetric and thermal efficiencies by utilizing otherwise wasted exhaust gas energy. They increase power and efficiency while reducing an engine's weight and cost. Common applications include petrol and diesel cars, motorcycles, trucks, and aircraft. The document lists several turbocharger manufacturers and concludes that turbocharged vehicles have proven more efficient and powerful.
A turbocharger increases an engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber using a turbine powered by exhaust gases. It consists of a turbine, compressor, and center housing. The turbine converts exhaust energy into rotational energy, powering the compressor to increase air density and allow more air into each cylinder. This provides more power but can cause lag until boost is generated. Turbochargers are commonly used on vehicles and construction equipment to improve performance or fuel efficiency without increasing engine size.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
The seminar discussed turbochargers and superchargers. A turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases spinning a turbine that is connected to a compressor, which increases the air intake density. A supercharger also increases air intake density but uses a mechanically driven compressor. Both systems allow an engine to burn more fuel and produce more power. The seminar covered the construction, components, types such as roots and centrifugal, and advantages and disadvantages of turbochargers and superchargers.
A supercharger compresses air entering an engine, allowing for more fuel and a more powerful explosion. It works by using a mechanically driven compressor to boost intake air pressure above atmospheric levels. There are three main types - Roots, twin-screw, and centrifugal superchargers - which differ in their compression mechanisms and efficiencies. While a supercharger adds initial costs and ongoing strain to an engine, it provides notable gains in horsepower and torque without the lag of a turbocharger. Overall, superchargers effectively boost engine performance for applications requiring rapid response.
The automobile industry has seen a very rapid growth in the past decade, this is followed by the evolution from ordinary inline cylinder engines to high performance V-type engines, etc., but the parameters which take the centre stage of the competition are efficiency, power, and environmental safety. One technology that is going to be the heart of the future diesel cars is TWIN TURBO technology. The basic principle is derived from the old familiar turbo mechanism. This uses the exhaust from the engine to pressurize the inlet air, thereby providing more oxygen to flow through the combustion chamber, to burn the fuel more efficiently and thus increasing the power output. Unlike the Bi-Turbo mechanism, this Twin Turbo is a combination of two turbo chargers mounted serially rather than in parallel. This configuration offers the car a whopping 112 BHP per litre (1000cc) of engine capacity, which is a world record. And it produces a maximum torque of 400Nm at 1400 RPM. Even though the car delivers a much higher power than its counterparts, it still maintains the conventional 16.5 KMpL as mileage. The environmental safety standard is the major consideration today; this technology is EURO V ready. The only car in India, which has this facility, is Hyundai i20. This technology if properly adopted by the automobile industry could provide a major breakthrough in the Indian commercial car manufacturing.
A turbocharger uses the heat energy from exhaust gases to power a turbine, which spins an air compressor to force more air into the engine. It allows an engine to produce more power without increasing engine size. A turbocharger has a turbine section, compressor section, shaft connecting the turbine and compressor, and bearing housing. It works by partially exhaust gases powering the turbine, which spins the compressor to pressurize incoming air before it enters the engine, allowing for more efficient combustion. Turbochargers are used in cars, trucks, motorcycles, aircraft and marine engines to improve power density without increasing engine size.
Turbocharger and Supercharger (Anil Sharma)ANIL SHARMA
Superchargers and turbochargers both work to increase the density of the air-fuel mixture inducted into an engine, allowing for more power output. A supercharger is mechanically driven by the engine's crankshaft, while a turbocharger uses the engine's exhaust gases to drive a turbine which spins a compressor. Superchargers provide immediate power but are less efficient, while turbochargers have lag but allow for smaller engine sizes. Both systems provide more horsepower but also have disadvantages like increased cost, complexity, and maintenance requirements.
FABRICATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF TUEBOCHARGER ON TWO STROKE VEHICLEijiert bestjournal
In present situation everybody in this world needs to ride a high powered,high fuel efficient and less emission two wheelers. In order to meet the requirements of the people an attempt have been made this in this proje ct to increase the power by using the exhaust gas of the engine by passing this gas o n to turbine compressor arrangement. This compressor compresses the fresh a ir and is sent to the carburetor. Now a days the demand of the fuel is increased beca use of turbocharger is important to increase the performance and the fuel efficiency is increased by using turbocharger.
What is a turbocharger and wastergate? And, how to diagnose a defective turbocharger? If you have more auto parts questions please view our other auto parts presentations.
This document provides information about turbine sections in gas turbine engines. It discusses the operation of different turbine blade types and how blades are attached to disks. It describes nozzle guide vanes and the causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep. It explains the functions of the turbine to drive compressors and accessories. It also summarizes the types of turbines, including axial flow and radial inflow turbines, and describes impulse, reaction and reaction-impulse turbine blades.
The document provides information about turbocharging and supercharging engines. It explains that turbochargers and superchargers work by forcing more air into the engine cylinders to increase power. A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to power a turbine, which drives an air compressor, while a supercharger is driven directly by the engine. The document describes the different types of superchargers and turbochargers, and discusses how boost pressure is controlled and maintenance procedures for forced induction systems.
This document discusses turbochargers, which are devices that increase an engine's power and efficiency by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber using the exhaust gases' kinetic energy. Turbochargers provide benefits like more power without increasing engine size, but can cause issues like turbo lag as the turbine spins up. The document covers different types of turbochargers like twin-scroll and variable-geometry models and discusses their applications, performance characteristics, components, sensitivities, maintenance needs, advantages, and disadvantages.
1) The document discusses converting a 4-stroke engine to a compressed air engine by modifying the camshaft design to allow intake and exhaust valves to open once per revolution of the crankshaft instead of once every two revolutions.
2) Key modifications include changing the camshaft profile to include two additional lobes to control valve timing, and combining the intake and power strokes into one stroke since compressed air would be used instead of an air-fuel mixture.
3) Mathematical calculations are provided to determine the engine's indicated horsepower, brake horsepower, friction horsepower, work done, and torque based on parameters like mean effective pressure, displacement volume, and rpm.
The document describes a new type of internal combustion engine called the OX2 engine. It has only six major components, with three moving parts. It works by using two piston plates and eight cylinders arranged in a circle to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion. Testing shows the new design improves efficiency, torque, and horsepower over previous iterations. The OX2 engine promises to be more efficient, powerful, and eco-friendly than traditional engines.
An Analysis of Effect of Variable Compression Ratio in C.I. Engine Using Turb...IRJET Journal
1) The document analyzes the effect of variable compression ratio in a single cylinder diesel engine using a turbocharger.
2) A turbocharger increases engine efficiency and performance by boosting the intake air pressure. This allows more air and fuel to enter the cylinders to increase power.
3) The study varies the compression ratio from 12.1 to 18.1 and analyzes the impact on performance parameters like brake power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency at different loads.
The turbocharger improves engine performance by recycling exhaust energy to compress the intake air, allowing more fuel to be burned in each cylinder. Varying the compression ratio provides an opportunity to optimize these parameters.
The document provides explanations of various components of internal combustion engines including connecting rods, crankshafts, piston rings, glow plugs and camshafts. It also lists differences between SI and CI engines and discusses factors that affect engine performance such as compression ratio, thermal efficiency, valve timing and residual gas fraction.
The document provides an overview of a seminar presentation on a six-stroke internal combustion engine. It includes an abstract, introduction, working principles, types of six-stroke engines, modifications made to convert a four-stroke engine to six-stroke, advantages such as reduced emissions and increased efficiency, and limitations. The six-stroke engine aims to extract more energy from the combustion process through adding an additional power stroke, utilizing the wasted heat from the four-stroke cycle. It functions by injecting water during the additional power stroke to generate steam for forcing the piston downward.
This document summarizes an innovative internal combustion engine concept for UAV applications. The engine uses stratified charge combustion with rich and lean zones to improve efficiency. It also incorporates a turbo compound configuration with multiple expansion stages to recover exhaust energy. Initial CFD analysis shows the stratified combustion and scavenging processes work as intended. The concept could enable high efficiency engines across a wide range of sizes, from 100 HP automotive engines to 7000 HP engines for UAVs.
This document summarizes advances in internal combustion engines. It discusses major areas of advancement including engine design, material selection, timing controls, and fuel injection and combustion. It provides examples of various engine designs, materials used, and technologies like variable valve timing, cylinder deactivation, direct injection, supercharging, and turbocharging. It also briefly discusses six-stroke engine designs that aim to improve power and efficiency over traditional four-stroke engines.
The environmental pollution in the metropolitan cities is increasing rapidly mostly because of the increased number of fossil fuel powered vehicles. Many alternative options are now being studied throughout the world. One of the alternative solutions can be a compressed air powered vehicle. Main advantage of this engine is that no hydrocarbon fuel is required which means no combustion process is taking place.
This document provides an overview of an air powered engine. It discusses the history of using compressed air to power engines. It then classifies air engines based on the number and position of cylinders. The key components of an air engine are described, including the compressor, PLC circuit, pulsed pressure control valve, cam, follower and air vessel. The working of the air engine is explained and compared to a two-stroke petrol engine. Finally, the advantages of lower emissions and costs, and limitations around refueling time and efficiency are presented.
The document provides information on the basics of internal combustion (IC) engines. It discusses the differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines, the sequence of operations in an IC engine cycle, valve timing diagrams for petrol and diesel engines, and comparisons of petrol and diesel engines. It also covers topics like scavenging, ignition systems, supercharging, lubrication, governing, carburetors, spark plugs, detonation, and octane ratings of fuels for spark ignition engines.
This document summarizes a technical seminar presentation on a six-stroke engine by Chethan MR, an undergraduate student at C. Byregowda Institute of Technology in Kolar, India. The presentation covered the introduction, abstract, methodology, working principle, advantages, and disadvantages of a six-stroke engine. A six-stroke engine aims to improve efficiency and reduce emissions compared to four-stroke engines by adding two additional strokes - an additional compression and power stroke - to the piston cycle. Modifications are made to the crankshaft, camshaft, and cam followers to accommodate the additional strokes.
1) An air powered engine works by using compressed air stored in a high-pressure tank to power the engine instead of gasoline.
2) It can be created by modifying a conventional internal combustion engine to use compressed air and pulsed pressure control valves instead of gasoline and spark plugs.
3) The main benefits are that it does not require expensive fossil fuels and has fewer emissions, simpler design, and lower maintenance costs than gasoline engines. However, compressing the air is energy intensive and the engine has lower power and efficiency than gasoline engines.
CFX ANALYSIS OF AN IMPELLER BLADE DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the design of an impeller blade for a centrifugal compressor using CFX analysis software. The researchers aim to determine the optimal back-swept angle of the impeller blade to improve efficiency. They design blades with varying back-swept angles and simulate them in CFX to compare output parameters such as pressure ratio, temperature, Mach number, and efficiency. Their results show that back-swept angles between 15-30 degrees provide the best balance of increased pressure and low Mach number at the outlet. Accounting for both aerodynamic and manufacturing considerations, they conclude that 15-30 degrees is the optimal range for back-swept angle of the impeller blade design.
An analysis of effect of variable compression ratio in C.I. engine using turb...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of variable compression ratio in a turbocharged diesel engine. It discusses using a single cylinder diesel engine to test performance at different loads and compression ratios ranging from 12.1 to 18.1. The turbocharger is used to increase engine efficiency and performance by boosting intake air pressure. Theoretical calculations of parameters like brake power, fuel consumption, thermal efficiency are presented. Results show that increasing the compression ratio and intake boost pressure improves brake thermal efficiency. It was concluded that a variable compression ratio concept can improve engine performance and efficiency while reducing emissions.
The document discusses the history and workings of diesel engines. It provides details on:
1) The development of 4-stroke and 2-stroke engines from the late 1800s onward by engineers like Dr. Nicolaus Otto, Sir Dugald Clerk, and Dr. Rudolph Diesel.
2) The workings of a 4-stroke diesel engine, which completes one cycle over four strokes - intake, compression, power, and exhaust.
3) The simpler design of a 2-stroke engine, which completes a cycle in two strokes per revolution as opposed to four strokes.
4) The advantages and disadvantages of 2-stroke engines, which include being more compact but less efficient than
A turbocharger uses a turbine powered by exhaust gases to force more air into the engine, increasing power output. It differs from a supercharger which uses a mechanically-driven compressor. Early turbochargers were sometimes called "turbo superchargers" causing confusion. Turbochargers require lubrication of bearings supporting the rotor assembly. Variable geometry turbochargers (VGTs) like those in Tata vehicles optimize performance at all engine speeds by adjusting the geometry controlled by the ECU.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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1. 1
Design of Cam Reciprocating Engine
S.Balamurugana
, I.Saravananb
a
Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India
b
Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India
Abstract
This paper presents about the design of cam reciprocating engine. For this new design of cam operated
reciprocating internal combustion engine the changes such as removing of crank shaft, introducing of cam, retention of
exhaust gas particles exist in the clearance volume of the reciprocating internal combustion engine will be removed by the
piston itself instead of fresh air and fuel particles as used in the current engines and to improve the suction in the engine
cylinder, the intake of fresh air and fuel particles will be happens after creation of small vacuum inside the cylinder. This
project mainly focuses on improving the volumetric efficiency of the reciprocating internal combustion engine by
removing all of the exhaust gas particles present in the clearance space.
Index Terms—Displacement diagram for suction stroke and compression stroke, cam profile, piston model, model
of cam engine.
I.INTRODUCTION
Now a day’s energy and power are the most
valuable things in our world. Because the resources of
materials used to produce the energy and power are
reduces day by day due to the utility of these things in
our life. In the other hand the corresponding
organizations and industries would like to create the
awareness about the energy consumptions, energy saving
methods and energy production technologies. The well-
known slogan about the energy is that,
1 unit of energy saving = 2 units of energy production
For this energy saving two methods are available. First
one is optimum utilization of energy that will leads to
energy saving. On the other hand reducing the losses is
also one type of energy saving method. There are lots of
losses available to waste the energy among the different
type of energy production technologies. In that
reciprocating internal combustion engine is the major
one that is used in vehicles for transportation in our day
to day works. Normally the efficiency of actual
reciprocating internal combustion engine is lower than
that of its theoretical cycle. This reduction in the
reciprocating engine efficiency will be due to the
following losses happens during the engine cycle.
These losses occurs due to,
1. Heat transfer
2. Friction
3. Blow down losses ofexhaust gas particles
4. In-efficient suction
In the above mentioned losses the first two losses are
unavoidable. But the other two losses are related to each
other. This blow down losses and in-efficient suction are
happens due to retention of exhaust gas particles in the
clearance volume of combustion chamber of the
reciprocating engine. To reduce these blow down losses,
the normal reciprocating engine is little bit modified in
this project work. With these modifications this work
focuses to improve the volumetric efficiency of the
reciprocating internal combustion engines.
II.PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
While look into the cycle of IC engine the
process moves from exhaust stroke of previous cycle to
the suction stroke of the next cycle. During these change
of process, some amount of exhaust particles of previous
cycle is retained in the clearance volume even the piston
will be at TDC. This is called as blow down loss in the
reciprocating engine. And the piston moves from TDC to
BDC for the next power cycle. During this downward
movement of piston, the volume increases. So that the
retained exhaust gas particles also gets expanded. This
expansion increases the volume of the exhaust gas
particles. That the retained exhaust gas particles occupies
the volume more than that of its engine clearance
volume, during this expansion.
TDC – Top Dead Center
BDC – Bottom Dead Center
Vc – Compression Volume
Vs – Swept (or) Stroke Volume
2. 2
III.CONCEPT OF NEW DESIGN
The main theme of this new design is to
increase the volumetric efficiency by removing all the
retained exhaust gas particles in the clearance volume of
the normal reciprocating engine. As discussed in the
previous, the retained exhaust gas particles in the
clearance volume occupies more volume than that of its
clearance volume during the expansion (suction) stroke
of next power cycle. So that the mass and volume of the
fresh intake for the next power cycle will be lowered in
the convention reciprocating engine design. Thus the
volumetric efficiency will be lowered in the actual cycle
compared to theoretical cycle.
ηvol = Actualmas of fresh intake
Theoretical mass of fresh intake
(Or)
ηvol = Volume of fresh intake entered
Stroke volume (or) swept volume
If the exhaust gas particles will be removed
fully, the mass and volume of fresh intake will also be
increases. So that volumetric efficiency will be increases
correspondingly. For the removal of all exhaust gases
retained in the clearance volume of the combustion
chamber, the piston is designed as such of its clearance
shape. Thus the piston head and the clearance chamber
are almost of same shapes and approximately equal
radius. When the piston is at TDC, the piston head will
occupy the entire clearance volume. So there is no
clearance space between the engine head and clearance
chamber. During the exhaust stroke, the piston moves
from BDC to TDC. Thus the piston tends to pushes all
the exhaust gas particles. Due to this design changes,
during the upward movement of piston all the exhaust
gases pushes out from the combustion chamber to
exhaust port of the reciprocating engine. So that fresh
intake of the next cycle is almost equal to the total
volume of the engine. Thus the intake volume will be
increases as compared to the conventionalengine.
IV.DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
As discussed in the conceptual design, the
piston head is as same as the clearance shape of the
engine head. Thus there is no clearance space in the
combustion chamber of the reciprocating engine, while
the piston moves from BDC to TDC. We should focus
on the process and valve movement during the
movement of piston from BDC to TDC.
The processes involved in the reciprocating engine cycle
for piston movement from TDC to BDC are as follows:
1. Exhaust stroke
2. Compression stroke
During the exhaust stroke of the reciprocating engine
cycle the inlet valve is in closed position whereas the
exhaust valve will be in the open position. As per new
design the piston head occupies the entire clearance
space of the combustion chamber during the exhaust
stroke. At the same time the exhaust valve will be
opened, that the exhaust valve move some distance
inside the combustion chamber. So that there will be the
interference between the exhaust valve and piston head
of new design.
Then look into the compression stroke there is no
clearance space when the piston is at TDC. This is the
right choice for exhaust stroke whereas for the
compression stroke the fresh intake has to be compressed
at optimum level for good combustion of air and fuel. So
that new design should provide some clearance space for
the compression of fresh intake during compression
stroke and there is no clearance space during the exhaust
stroke.
V.DESIGNREQUIREMENTS
The following two problems occurs in the
reciprocating engine cycle as per the new design and are
follows,
1. Interference of exhaust valve with the piston
head during exhaust stroke
2. Clearance space has to be provided during the
compression stroke
3. There is no clearance space during the exhaust
stroke
4. Transfer of force from piston to cam
With the above requirements cannot run the
reciprocating engine by using the crank. Because the
crank will always moves the piston for a constant stroke
length. But requirement is to provide clearance space
during compression stroke only and clearance space
must be removed during the exhaust stroke. This
clearance space will be provided in the combustion
chamber of the reciprocating engine, if the piston moves
shorter stroke length during the compression stroke. And
to remove the clearance space during the exhaust stroke
the piston has to moves longer stroke. Thus the piston
moves with the stroke length during the exhaust stroke
will be longer than that of compression stroke.
Thus the piston has to moves with variable stroke
lengths for a single power cycle. If the piston connected
with the crank through connecting rod this variable
stroke will not be achieved. So that crank has to replace
by some other mechanical elements for the variable
stroke length. The cam is the best mechanical element
for the variable stroke length with the smooth operation.
Thus the crank should replace by the cam.
As per the requirements of new design of cam
reciprocating engine, the crank has to be replaced by the
cam. In the conventional reciprocating IC engines the
crank is connected to the piston through the connecting
rod with rigid fixings. And look into the movements of
piston, the piston receives the energy from the crank
through connecting rod during the suction, compression
and exhaust strokes. But in the power stroke the energy
is transfer from the piston to crank through same via.
Due to the rigid fixing the transfer of force in both cases
3. 3
is easy and ensured. But in our design there is a cam
instead of crank.
So that as per this new design the force has to transfer
fromthe cam to piston except the power stroke. Thus the
cam has to actuate the piston just like a follower. But
during the power stroke the transfer of force is vice
versa. This means the piston (follower) has to rotate the
cam during the power stroke. Thus the theme of this
design is just like cam and follower mechanism. In the
cam and follower mechanism the transfer of force from
the cam to follower is easy and endurable. It is almost
applicable in most of the applications. But in this case
the transfer of force from the follower (piston) to the
cam must be ensured because the entire energy by the
air-fuel burning, impacts the piston. And this energy is
reused for other three processes.
VI.MODEL SPECIFICATION
Before starting the design work of the cam
reciprocating engine, the conventional engine was
studied. For this study purpose, engine with the
following specification was taken.
Model–Reciprocating IC engine
Type–Four stroke
Ignition–Spark ignition
Fuel–Petrol
Stroke – 50mm
Bore – 50mm
Valve lift – 5mm
Projection of spark plug – 5mm
Valve angle - 70º to piston head
Clearance volume height – 15mm
VII.DESIGN OF CAM
Clearance volume in existing design
Vc =
𝜋ℎ
6
(3𝑎2
+ ℎ2
) h = 15mm a = 24.7mm
Vc=
𝜋𝑥15
6
(3𝑥24.72
+ 152
)
Vc = 16142.05mm3
Clearance volume in new design
𝜋ℎ
12
(3𝑎2
+ ℎ2
) +
𝜋
6
𝐷2
∆𝐿 = 16142.05
∆𝐿 = 4mm
Suction stroke length LS = 50mm
Compression stroke length LC = LS - ∆𝐿
LC = 50 – 4
LC= 46mm
Displacement diagram for suction & exhaust stroke
Displacement diagram for compression & power stroke
Profile of cam
Assume that the cam rotates in the clockwise direction
and the processes of a cycle of engine is mentioned
below:
1-2 → suction 2-
3 → compression
3-4 → power
4-1 → exhaust
Stroke length for suction & exhaust strokes – 50mm
Stroke length for compression & power strokes – 46mm
4. 4
VIII. DESIGN OF PISTON
IX. CAM ENGINE MODEL
X.CONCLUSION
The proposed cam reciprocating engine was
designed with the reference model engine. During this
design process the compression volume, stroke and bore
diameter was maintained as in the reference model
engine. First this cam reciprocating engine was designed
to remove entire exhaust gas particles retained in the
clearance volume. Thus half of the retained exhaust gas
particles of the reference model will be removed in this
new cam reciprocating engine. So that fresh intake will
be increased than that of reference model engine. This
cam reciprocating engine was designed using the
modelling software.
REFERENCES
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