International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document describes a study that investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 3 and 6 weeks. Preliminary analysis found the extract contained various phytochemicals and was considered safe up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. After 3 weeks, testicular weight decreased significantly in treated groups while sperm count and motility increased. After 6 weeks, epididymal weight increased significantly in the high dose group while testicular changes were not significant. The extract appeared to enhance sperm characteristics at both time points without major toxicity.
1) The document reports on a pre-clinical study that investigated the effects of Aegle marmelos (bael) leaf extract on blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic mice.
2) 32 mice were divided into groups: normal mice given normal feed, normal mice given bael extract, diabetic mice given normal feed, and diabetic mice given bael extract. Diabetes was induced via alloxan injection.
3) Blood samples were taken from the mice at various intervals and blood glucose was measured. It was found that bael extract was effective in reducing and maintaining normal blood glucose levels in both normal and hyperglycemic mice.
Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities on Catunaregum spinosapharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the methanol extract of Catunaregum spinosa (MECS) in Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice. MECS was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 14 days after tumor inoculation. MECS caused a decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, and packed cell volume, while increasing lifespan. It also positively impacted hematological and biochemical parameters and increased antioxidant levels. The results suggest MECS has significant antitumor effects in DAL-bearing mice.
Effects of Metformin, Pioglitazone and Aqueous Extract of Delonix Regia on Bl...iosrjce
The effects of Delonix regia extract (d200mg, d300mg, and d400mg), metformin (m8.3mg, m12.5mg
and m16.5mg), pioglitazone (p0.5mg, p0.7mg and p0.9mg) and combined formulation of metformin and extract
(m6.25d150mg) on glycated hemoglobin status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino wistar rats. Diabetic
status of these rats was assessed by estimating fasting blood glucose levels. A total of 150 albino rats were used
for the investigation and were grouped into twelve groups of twelve rats each as follows; Group I: normal
control rats (NCR). Group II: Diabetic control rats (DCR). Group III: Diabetic rats treated with d200mg.
Group IV: Diabetic rats treated with d300mg. Group V: Diabetic rats treated with d400mg. Group VI: Diabetic
rats treated with m8.3mg. Group VII: Diabetic rats treated with m12.5mg. Group VIII: Diabetic rats treated
with m16.5mg. Group IX: Diabetic rats treated with p0.5mg. Group X: Diabetic rats treated with p0.75mg.
Group XI: Diabetic rats treated with p1.0mg. Group XII: Diabetic rats treated with m125d300mg each for male
and female respectively, for a total of 56 days. After every two weeks interval of treatment for eight weeks three
rats from each group were sacrificed and blood sample were collected and analyzed for various parameters.
The result obtained showed an elevated level of glycated hemoglobin in diabetic-induced wistar albino rats
compared with normal control rats. However, there was reversal of the effects when treated with the
drug/extract. Also there was reduction in the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats treated with metformin
(from 6.37±0.69 to 5.20±0.62mmol/l), pioglitazone (from 7.30±0.21mmol/l to 4.70±0.46), aqueous extract of
Delonixregia (from 8.20±0.81mmol/l to 6.10±0.60) and combined formulation of metformin and extract (from
7.81±0.34 to 4.80±0.17), at p<0.05 confidence level when compared with diabetic control rats in the various
weeks of treatment respectively
Effect of tocopherol extraction of lepidium sativum seeds in sperm parameters...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of tocopherol extracted from Lepidium sativum (garden cress) seeds on sperm parameters in male rabbits. The study found that orally administering 33.6 mg/kg of body weight per day of the tocopherol extract for 50 days significantly increased testicular and epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, viability and reduced abnormal morphology. This suggests the tocopherol extract from garden cress seeds has the potential to enhance human fertility.
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
The document describes a study that investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 3 and 6 weeks. Preliminary analysis found the extract contained various phytochemicals and was considered safe up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. After 3 weeks, testicular weight decreased significantly in treated groups while sperm count and motility increased. After 6 weeks, epididymal weight increased significantly in the high dose group while testicular changes were not significant. The extract appeared to enhance sperm characteristics at both time points without major toxicity.
1) The document reports on a pre-clinical study that investigated the effects of Aegle marmelos (bael) leaf extract on blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic mice.
2) 32 mice were divided into groups: normal mice given normal feed, normal mice given bael extract, diabetic mice given normal feed, and diabetic mice given bael extract. Diabetes was induced via alloxan injection.
3) Blood samples were taken from the mice at various intervals and blood glucose was measured. It was found that bael extract was effective in reducing and maintaining normal blood glucose levels in both normal and hyperglycemic mice.
Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities on Catunaregum spinosapharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the methanol extract of Catunaregum spinosa (MECS) in Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) bearing mice. MECS was administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 14 days after tumor inoculation. MECS caused a decrease in tumor volume, viable cell count, and packed cell volume, while increasing lifespan. It also positively impacted hematological and biochemical parameters and increased antioxidant levels. The results suggest MECS has significant antitumor effects in DAL-bearing mice.
Effects of Metformin, Pioglitazone and Aqueous Extract of Delonix Regia on Bl...iosrjce
The effects of Delonix regia extract (d200mg, d300mg, and d400mg), metformin (m8.3mg, m12.5mg
and m16.5mg), pioglitazone (p0.5mg, p0.7mg and p0.9mg) and combined formulation of metformin and extract
(m6.25d150mg) on glycated hemoglobin status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino wistar rats. Diabetic
status of these rats was assessed by estimating fasting blood glucose levels. A total of 150 albino rats were used
for the investigation and were grouped into twelve groups of twelve rats each as follows; Group I: normal
control rats (NCR). Group II: Diabetic control rats (DCR). Group III: Diabetic rats treated with d200mg.
Group IV: Diabetic rats treated with d300mg. Group V: Diabetic rats treated with d400mg. Group VI: Diabetic
rats treated with m8.3mg. Group VII: Diabetic rats treated with m12.5mg. Group VIII: Diabetic rats treated
with m16.5mg. Group IX: Diabetic rats treated with p0.5mg. Group X: Diabetic rats treated with p0.75mg.
Group XI: Diabetic rats treated with p1.0mg. Group XII: Diabetic rats treated with m125d300mg each for male
and female respectively, for a total of 56 days. After every two weeks interval of treatment for eight weeks three
rats from each group were sacrificed and blood sample were collected and analyzed for various parameters.
The result obtained showed an elevated level of glycated hemoglobin in diabetic-induced wistar albino rats
compared with normal control rats. However, there was reversal of the effects when treated with the
drug/extract. Also there was reduction in the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats treated with metformin
(from 6.37±0.69 to 5.20±0.62mmol/l), pioglitazone (from 7.30±0.21mmol/l to 4.70±0.46), aqueous extract of
Delonixregia (from 8.20±0.81mmol/l to 6.10±0.60) and combined formulation of metformin and extract (from
7.81±0.34 to 4.80±0.17), at p<0.05 confidence level when compared with diabetic control rats in the various
weeks of treatment respectively
Effect of tocopherol extraction of lepidium sativum seeds in sperm parameters...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of tocopherol extracted from Lepidium sativum (garden cress) seeds on sperm parameters in male rabbits. The study found that orally administering 33.6 mg/kg of body weight per day of the tocopherol extract for 50 days significantly increased testicular and epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, viability and reduced abnormal morphology. This suggests the tocopherol extract from garden cress seeds has the potential to enhance human fertility.
This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of cow urine and its distillate. The cow urine and distillate were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals using two in vitro assays and for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes. The results showed that both the cow urine and its distillate exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the growth of microbes. The fresh cow urine demonstrated stronger antioxidant and antimicrobial effects compared to its distillate. These findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of cow urine as a medicine in India.
Evaluation of antioxidant activities of Cyperusrotundus (Ethanolic extract an...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Intercontinental journal of pharmaceutical Investigations and ResearchSriramNagarajan19
Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Portulaca quadrifida Linn. was studied in wister rats using the carrageenan induced left hind paw edema, carrageenan induced pleurisy and cotton pellet induced granuloma model. The ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.,) produced the inhibition of carrageenan induced rat paw edema. It also showed an inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration and a reduction on the pleural exudates as well as reduction on the granuloma weight in the cotton pellet granuloma method. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract produced significant (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard and untreated control.
Cinnamomum Malabatrum, a moderate evergreen tree, was extracted with various solvents and tested for anti-cancer activity against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in mice. Mice were treated with the alcoholic extract at 625 mg/kg or aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg daily. Both extracts significantly decreased solid tumor volume, increased peritoneal cell counts, and stabilized body weight loss compared to the tumor control group. Preliminary analysis found the extracts contained flavonoids, fixed oils, amino acids, tannins, and phytosterols. The results suggest Cinnamomum Malabatrum has protective effects against DAL-induced cancer in mice and warrants further study
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
This study evaluated the safety of rambutan rind extract (RRE) in male rats. In the acute toxicity study, the lethal dose (LD50) of RRE was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Significant decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed at doses above 1000 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At 2000 mg/kg/day, the mortality rate was 12.5%. Significant decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and plasma triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels were observed. Histopathological examination found no changes
In vivo studies of wound healing and hepatoprotective agentsAdarsh Patil
1) Various in vivo models are used to evaluate wound healing and hepatoprotective activity, including excision wounds, incision wounds, and burn wounds in rats.
2) Parameters like wound contraction, epithelization time, tensile strength and histopathology are measured to assess wound healing.
3) Hepatoprotective activity is evaluated by pre-treating animals with the test substance before inducing liver damage using toxins like CCl4, D-galactosamine, or paracetamol. Liver function is then assessed through serum enzymes and histopathology.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Bioevaluation of Sirupellai samoolam herbal formulation for Antiurolithiatic ...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study that evaluated the antiurolithiatic (anti-kidney stone forming) effects of the herbal formulation Sirupellai samoolam. The study found that treatment with Sirupellai samoolam significantly reduced calcium, oxalate, and uric acid levels in urine samples from rats with experimentally induced kidney stones. Histological examination of kidneys from rats treated with Sirupellai samoolam showed less tissue damage and no microcrystalline deposits compared to untreated lithiasic rats. The results suggest that Sirupellai samoolam has significant anti-kidney stone effects and could be a safe treatment for urinary calculi/kidney stones.
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the study is to determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum
belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Female wistar rats using the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model . Methods:The plants areal
parts were collected near Tirupathi hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Phytoconstituents were identified through the
chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for antiarthritic
screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of P.glabrum was studied at doses
of 250 and500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, theliver enzyme levels were
determined and a radiological examination was carried out. Results and Discussion:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of Polygonum glabrum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. P. glabrum at 250 and 500 mg/kg
significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control
animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. P. glabrum treated animals showed
dose dependent reduction in decrease in body weight and arthritis.At the same time, P.glabrum significantly altered the biochemical and
haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of P.glabrum was comparable with that of Indomethacin.
Conclusion:The whole plant extract of P.glabrum showed significant anti-arthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female Wistar
rats.
This document studied the effects of deer velvet extract from Formosan sika deer on mouse embryonic development and anti-oxidative enzyme expression. Mouse 4-cell embryos were divided into groups and cultured with different concentrations of deer velvet extract or hydrogen peroxide. Embryonic development stages were observed every 12 hours over 72 hours of incubation. The deer velvet extract promoted embryonic development and maintained blastocyst development rates similar to the control when embryos were challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in blastocysts was not significantly different between deer velvet treatment groups. The deer velvet extract thus relieved oxidative stress on embryos and supported blastocyst development in vitro.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Rats were divided into groups, including a control group and groups that were induced to develop BPH and then received varying doses of anthocyanin. Results showed that anthocyanin administration helped prevent prostate hyperplasia and reduced prostate weight compared to the BPH-induced group. Anthocyanin also increased apoptosis in the prostate tissue. The study suggests that anthocyanin may be effective in treating BPH by decreasing prostate volume and cell proliferation.
Evaluation of anti diabetic potential of leaves of nelumbo nucifera in strept...pharmaindexing
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of leaves from the Nelumbo nucifera plant in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A methanolic extract of N. nucifera leaves was tested for anti-diabetic effects over 15 days in diabetic rats. Oral administration of the extract at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels and body weight loss compared to diabetic controls, demonstrating anti-diabetic effects. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds like saponins and carbohydrates in the extract that may contribute to its anti-diabetic activity.
BIO CHEMICAL EFFECT OF 1, 5-BIS (3, 5-DIMETHYLPYRAZOL-1-YL)-3- OXAPENTANE-DIA...IJSIT Editor
The document summarizes a study that investigated the biochemical effects of 1,5-Bis(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-oxapentane-diacetatocopper in albino rats. The study found that the compound had antidiabetic effects by lowering blood glucose levels but also caused abnormalities. Rats treated with the compound showed decreases in serum glucose and albumin levels but increases in ALT and AST levels. Long-term treatment for 6 weeks also significantly decreased body weight in treated rats. The compound affected both liver and blood biochemistry in rats.
The study aimed to examine the protective effects of taxifolin on cisplatin-induced kidney damage in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: a healthy control group, a cisplatin group, and a taxifolin-cisplatin group. The cisplatin group was given cisplatin only, while the taxifolin-cisplatin group was given both taxifolin and cisplatin. After 14 days, biomarkers of kidney damage were measured in blood and tissue samples. Histological examination of kidney tissue was also performed. The results showed that cisplatin increased oxidative stress markers and kidney damage, while taxifolin prevented these effects of cisplatin and reduced kidney damage. The study demonstrated
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
This document reports on a study that investigated the aging process in rat liver from 8-12 weeks old to 20 weeks old. It examined age-dependent changes, the effects of the liver toxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and the hepatoprotective effects of the seeds of Vitis vinifera (grapevine). Biochemical markers and histological analysis showed that aging leads to changes in liver structure similar to low doses of CCl4. CCl4 treatment significantly increased liver damage markers and oxidative stress. Treatment with an ethanolic extract of grape seeds significantly reduced liver damage markers, oxidative stress, and improved liver structure compared to CCl4 treatment alone. The results suggest the grape seed extract has hepatoprotect
1. The study investigated the preventive and curative effects of Artemisia absinthium extract on acetaminophen- and CC14-induced hepatic damage in mice and rats.
2. Pretreatment with the plant extract prevented the rise in serum transaminase levels caused by acetaminophen and CC14, indicating a protective effect against hepatic injury.
3. Post-treatment with the extract after acetaminophen administration restricted hepatic damage, but had no effect on CC14-induced hepatotoxicity. The extract also prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep, suggesting inhibitory effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver.
The evaluation of the effect of Sida acuta leaf extract on the microanatomy a...IOSR Journals
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta on the micro-anatomy of the liver and some biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. Thirty rats weighing between 140-180g were assigned to three groups (A, B and C) with ten animals each. Group A served as the control while groups B and C served as the experimental groups and received 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kgbw of the extract respectively for fourteen days. All the animals were sacrificed after fourteen days. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis of serum liver enzymes s The liver was removed, preserved and processed for paraffin sections and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The animals in the control group showed normal histological and biochemical parameters. Conversely, animals that received 100mg/kgbw of the extract showed slight difference in their hepatic cyto-architecture while animals that were administered with 200mg/kgbw of the extract revealed distorted morphological feature showing shrunken sinusoid and dilation of the central vein suggesting that the extract has adverse effect on the morphology of the liver. Results of the serum liver enzymes of animals treated with 100mg/kgbw and 200mg/kg revealed significantly decreased values of AST, ALP and ALT (P <0.05) relative to the control. From the result of this experiment, it is concluded that administration of ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves may be toxic to Wistar rats at the doses administered.
1) The study investigated the effects of Clitoria ternatea leaf and flower extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats over 84 days.
2) Oral administration of the extracts significantly reduced blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and kidney/liver markers, while increasing insulin, glycogen stores, and beneficial cholesterol.
3) The leaf extract showed slightly better effects than the flower extract in regulating these biochemical parameters and enzymes related to glucose metabolism.
Study of moringa_effect_on_gastric_and_duodenal_ulcersSilentdisco Berlin
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
In vivo evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of leaf an...Open Access Research Paper
Ficus carica Linn is occasionally used in preparation of local traditional medicines used in the treatment of diarrhoea in Bangladesh. Our present studies make an attempt toward validating this traditional use by investigating antidiarrhoeal activity of F. carica Linn. Ethanolic extract of leaf and bark of F. carica Linn showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in the severity of diarrhoea, in a dose dependent manner, in castor oil induced diarrhoea test. Prostaglandin E2 induced intestinal fluid accumulation test (enteropooling) gave significant results (P ≤ 0.05), indicating possible antidiarrhoeal action. The extract produced significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction of intestinal transit in gastrointestinal motility test with barium sulfate milk in healthy rats. It is evident that F. carica Linn have significant antidiarrhoeal activity and may be a potential source of antidiarrhoeal agents.
Evaluation of antioxidant activities of Cyperusrotundus (Ethanolic extract an...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Intercontinental journal of pharmaceutical Investigations and ResearchSriramNagarajan19
Anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Portulaca quadrifida Linn. was studied in wister rats using the carrageenan induced left hind paw edema, carrageenan induced pleurisy and cotton pellet induced granuloma model. The ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.,) produced the inhibition of carrageenan induced rat paw edema. It also showed an inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration and a reduction on the pleural exudates as well as reduction on the granuloma weight in the cotton pellet granuloma method. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract produced significant (P<0.001) anti-inflammatory activity when compared with the standard and untreated control.
Cinnamomum Malabatrum, a moderate evergreen tree, was extracted with various solvents and tested for anti-cancer activity against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in mice. Mice were treated with the alcoholic extract at 625 mg/kg or aqueous extract at 500 mg/kg daily. Both extracts significantly decreased solid tumor volume, increased peritoneal cell counts, and stabilized body weight loss compared to the tumor control group. Preliminary analysis found the extracts contained flavonoids, fixed oils, amino acids, tannins, and phytosterols. The results suggest Cinnamomum Malabatrum has protective effects against DAL-induced cancer in mice and warrants further study
Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Mature Harco Cocks Treated...IJEAB
Twenty sexually matured (24 weeks old) healthy Harco cocks were used to determine the effect of Gonadotrophin (Diclair®) on haematology and serum biochemistry. The cocks were divided into 4 treatment groups of 5 cocks per group identified as T1 (control) administered with 1ml physiological saline, T2, administered with 6.75i.u Diclair® and T4, administered with 20.25i.u Diclair®, with one cock per replicate in a completely Randomized Design (CRD). The injections were dividedinto three doses each and administered intramuscularly in the thigh for three consecutive days. One week after Diclair® treatments, five birds from each group were bled from the wing veins for haematology and serum biochemistry. Results of this study showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. Basophils were not detected among the treatment groups. The results further showed significant differences (P<0.05)>0.05) among the treatment groups. However, the values were within the normal ranges, indicating that Diclair® had no deleterious effect on these parameters.
This study evaluated the safety of rambutan rind extract (RRE) in male rats. In the acute toxicity study, the lethal dose (LD50) of RRE was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Significant decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed at doses above 1000 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or signs of toxicity were observed at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At 2000 mg/kg/day, the mortality rate was 12.5%. Significant decreases in body weight gain, food consumption, and plasma triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen levels were observed. Histopathological examination found no changes
In vivo studies of wound healing and hepatoprotective agentsAdarsh Patil
1) Various in vivo models are used to evaluate wound healing and hepatoprotective activity, including excision wounds, incision wounds, and burn wounds in rats.
2) Parameters like wound contraction, epithelization time, tensile strength and histopathology are measured to assess wound healing.
3) Hepatoprotective activity is evaluated by pre-treating animals with the test substance before inducing liver damage using toxins like CCl4, D-galactosamine, or paracetamol. Liver function is then assessed through serum enzymes and histopathology.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research...iosrphr_editor
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), www.iosrphr.org, call for paper, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call for research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, call for paper 2012, journal of pharmacy, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, research and review articles, Pharmacy journal, International Journal of Pharmacy, hard copy of journal, hard copy of certificates, online Submission, where to publish research paper, journal publishing, international journal, publishing a paper
Bioevaluation of Sirupellai samoolam herbal formulation for Antiurolithiatic ...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study that evaluated the antiurolithiatic (anti-kidney stone forming) effects of the herbal formulation Sirupellai samoolam. The study found that treatment with Sirupellai samoolam significantly reduced calcium, oxalate, and uric acid levels in urine samples from rats with experimentally induced kidney stones. Histological examination of kidneys from rats treated with Sirupellai samoolam showed less tissue damage and no microcrystalline deposits compared to untreated lithiasic rats. The results suggest that Sirupellai samoolam has significant anti-kidney stone effects and could be a safe treatment for urinary calculi/kidney stones.
ABSTRACT
Background:The main objective of the study is to determine the anti-arthritic effect of whole plant ethanolic extract of Polygonum glabrum
belonging to the family Polygonaceae in Female wistar rats using the Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA) model . Methods:The plants areal
parts were collected near Tirupathi hills, Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh in India. The Phytoconstituents were identified through the
chemical tests. Ethanol (95%) was used to obtain the whole plant extraction through Soxhlet extractor. Female SD rats were used for antiarthritic
screening. Arthritis was induced using FCA, and the anti-arthritic effect of the ethanolic extract of P.glabrum was studied at doses
of 250 and500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, theliver enzyme levels were
determined and a radiological examination was carried out. Results and Discussion:The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic
extract of Polygonum glabrum showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. P. glabrum at 250 and 500 mg/kg
significantly inhibited the FCA-induced arthritis in the rats. This was manifested by as a decrease in the paw volume. The arthritic control
animals exhibited a significant decrease in body weight compared with control animals without arthritis. P. glabrum treated animals showed
dose dependent reduction in decrease in body weight and arthritis.At the same time, P.glabrum significantly altered the biochemical and
haematological changes induced by FCA (P < 0.05). The anti-arthritic effect of P.glabrum was comparable with that of Indomethacin.
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Celosia argentea is a plant of family Amaranthaceae used as traditional medicine for various diseases. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute toxicity effect of Celosia argentea leaf extract for 14 days in female albino rats. The aqueous extract of Celosia argentea showed no evidence of single dose toxicity 2000 mg kg when studying acute toxicity on biochemical, hematological or histological parameters. The results showed that .C. argentea does not cause toxicity at the doses studied. M. Sridevi | B. Senthilkumar | K. Devi "Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Celosia Argentea in Female Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39811.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/zoology/39811/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-aqueous-leaf-extract-of-celosia-argentea-in-female-albino-rats/m-sridevi
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Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
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Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
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Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
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albino rats were randomly distributed into three groups
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant
Investigation on Effects of Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Seeds of Datur...semualkaira
This study investigation the effects of methanolic and aqueous
extracts of seeds of Datura metel on liver of Wistar rats. Datura
metel seed is believed to be a medicinal plant widely used in phytomedicine to cure diseases such as asthma, cough, convulsion and
insanity. Various parts of the plant (leaves, seeds, roots and fruits)
are used for different purposes in herbal medicine
Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotox...ijtsrd
Alysicarpus monilifer L. is a widely used plant in the north coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, has been used in indigenous system of medicine. The roots are used for the treatment of leprosy and urinary troubles. The decoction of roots is prescribed for cough. The boiled leaves are used as purgative. The herb is credited with anti- pyretic, anti- periodic and expectorant properties, febrifuge and also recommended for cutanious scabies and boils and to cure pain. Acute toxicity tests were conducted as per OECD guidelines on Alysicarpus monilifer L. whole plant. The hydro-alcoholic extract of the aerial parts at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg b.w., was tested in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity of rats followed by histopathological examination of the isolated livers of the control and the treated groups . The potential effects in protecting liver function by reducing the elevated levels of various serum biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner, reducing oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in the rat model of CCl4 “induced liver damage was demonstrated. The results showed significant protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The study on qualitative phytochemical screening also identified some important bioactive phytochemical principles such as steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and glycosides in this plant which were also validated as antioxidants and biologically active phytoconstituents. This report of hepatoprotective activity of Alysicarpus monilifer L. throws light on attenuation of hepatotoxic effects of CCl4 challenged rats by membrane stabilization through antioxidation K. Manikya Kumari | V. Padmaja"Protective Effect of Alysicarpus Monilifer L., Against CCl4 induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd114.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/114/protective-effect-of-alysicarpus-monilifer-l-against-ccl4-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-albino-rats/k-manikya-kumari
Sub chronic toxicity potential of the alcoholic extract of biophytum reinward...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the sub-chronic toxicity potential of the alcoholic extract of Biophytum reinwardtii, a whole plant used ethnobotanically to treat various ailments. Key findings from the study include:
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2) In a 30-day sub-chronic toxicity study in rats, doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of the extract did not significantly affect food/fluid intake, body weight, organ weights, or liver/hematological
Study of moringa_effect_on_gastric_and_duodenal_ulcersDrumstick Moringa
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1) The study evaluated the antifertility effects of an alcoholic extract of Areca catechu in male albino rats.
2) Rats treated with 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg of the extract showed 50% and 100% reduction in fertility respectively.
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Influence of gongronema latifolium leaf extracts treatment on some hepatic...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effects of extracts from the leaves of Gongronema latifolium on hepatic enzyme activity in rats. Rats were treated with various doses of ethanolic and water extracts for 7 days. Blood samples were then analyzed for liver enzyme levels. The results showed that the extracts increased the activity of AST and ALT liver enzymes at doses of 25mg/kg, indicating potential liver cell damage. The extracts also increased serum amylase levels in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extracts did not significantly affect blood urea levels. The conclusion is that while G. latifolium extracts may have some medical benefits, chronic high dose use could adversely impact liver function.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
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Blood glucose and lipid reducing activities of the oral administration of aqu...Alexander Decker
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Effects of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia Kola on Biochemical Markers of Liver Function of Wister Rats
1. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X
www.ijpsi.org || Volume 4 Issue 5|| May 2015 || PP.05-08
www.ijpsi.org 5 | Page
Effects of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia Kola on Biochemical
Markers of Liver Function of Wister Rats
Denen Atsukwei1
, Samuel Odu Odeh2
, Joseph E. Toryila3
, Egesie U.G. 2
Ejike Daniel Eze1
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Karu,
Nasarawa State, Nigeria
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT : The study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed on the activities of
some liver biomarker enzymes. To achieve this aim, thirty (30) wistar rats weighing 150.42 ± 3.98 were divided
into three groups (I, II and III) comprising ten animals each. Animals in group I (control) received 0.5 ml of
distilled water while those in groups II and III were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of the extract
respectively once daily. After 3 weeks of extract administration, 5 rats from each group were sacrificed. Same
was done after 6 weeks. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed
revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrate, steroids and flavonoids. The lethal dose
(LD50) of the extract was found to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. Results obtained from this study
revealed that the extract produced no significant (P > 0.05) change on the activities of Aspartate
aminotransfarase, Alanine aminotransfarase and Alkaline phosphatase after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of
administration. It can be concluded that administration of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Garcinia kola ethanolic
extract for 6 weeks did not demonstrate detrimental effects on the liver.
Keywords: Garcinia kola, aspartate aminotransfarase, alanine aminotransfarase, alkaline phosphatase, male
rats
I. INTRODUCTION
Garcinia kola is a tropical flowering plant found in western and central Africa and it produces brown,
nut-like seeds. It has been used in African culture for centuries for medicinal purposes. Garcinia kola contains
dimeric flavonoids (Eleyinmi et al., 2006), which is believed to have many healing benefits. The biological
activities of flavonoids include action against allergies, inflammation, free radicals, hepatoxins (Terashima et
al., 2002). It has shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Garcinia kola is
known to have several beneficial effects to man including antibacterial activity. It is also alleged to have effect
on ovulation and increases libido (Akpantah et al., 2005).It is widely consumed as a stimulant (Atawodi et al.,
1995). In addition, it has antioxidant (Olatunde et al., 2004), hypoglycemic (Iwu et al., 1990; Odeigah et
al.,1999) and aphrodisiac properties (Ajibola and Satake, 1992). With the high rate of consumption of Garcinia
kola especially in rural areas, it is of great importance to ascertain its effect on the liver. This study present the
effects of Garcinia kola seed extract on the activities of Aspartate aminotransfarase, Alanine aminotransfarase
and Alkaline phosphatase wister rats.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIALS
Plant Materials and Authentication
Garcinia kola seeds which were purchased from Karu market, in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja and were
authenticated at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, Nigeria with voucher specimen number
(F.H.I. 10847).
Experimental Animals
Wister rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing 150.42 ± 3.98 g were obtained from the Animal House of Federal
College of Animal Husbandry, Kuru, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Other Reagents
All other chemicals and reagents used which were of analytical grade were products of sigma Aldrich Ltd.,
Buchs, Canada and are prepared in volumetric flask using glass wares with distilled water except otherwise
stated.
2. Effects of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia...
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METHODS
Preparation of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia kola Seed
Dried seeds of Garcinia kola were peeled to remove the testa. These were cut into smaller sizes and
thereafter pulverized in a blender (PHILIPS, Model HR-1724, Brazil) to obtain smooth powder. A known
weight (200 g) of the powder was extracted in 1000 ml of ethanol for 72 hours at room temperature. The extract
was filtered with Whatman No. 1 filter paper (Maidstone, UK) and the resulting filtrate concentrated in a Rotary
Evaporator. The mixture was further transferred into steam bath where it was evaporated to give the required
brownish-black residue. This was then reconstituted in distilled water to give the required doses (100 and 200
mg/kg body weight) used in the study.
Phytochemical Screening
Preliminary phytochemical screening to detect the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids,
steroids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrate were carried out by adopting the procedures
described by Awe and Sodipo (2001) and Mainasara et al., (2012 .
Acute Toxicity Study (LD50) was carried out by the method described by Lorke (1983).
Animal Grouping and Extract Administration
A total of thirty Wister rats, housed in clean aluminum cages contained in well ventilated standard
housing conditions (temperature: 28-310
C; photoperiod: 12 hours; humidity: 50-55%) was used for the study.
The animals were allowed free access to rat pellets (Premier Feed Mill Co. Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria) and tap water
ad libitum. The cages were also cleaned on daily basis. The animals were acclimatized for two weeks before the
commencement of the experiment. The thirty (30) Wistar rats weighing 150.42 ± 3.98 were completely
randomized into three groups (I, II and III) comprising ten animals each. Animals in group I (control) received
0.5 ml of distilled water while those in groups II and III were administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of
the extract respectively once daily. After 3 weeks of extract administration, 5 rats from each group were
sacrificed. Same number was sacrificed after 6 weeks. Extract administration was done daily using polystyrene.
This research was carried out in Physiology Department of Bingham University, according to the rules in
Nigeria (Revised Helsinki Declaration, 2008) governing the care and use of laboratory animals as acceptable
internationally.
Blood Sample Collection
At the end of 3 weeks of oral administration of Garcinia kola seed extract, five rats from groups I, II
and III were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. At the end of the experimental period i.e. 6 weeks the
remaining rats in groups I, II and III were also sacrificed and their blood samples were collected by cardiac
puncture. The animals were anesthetized with chloroform, dissected to exposed the cardiac cavity of the heart,
blood was obtained using a sterile syringe by cardiac puncture and carefully discharged into non heparinized
bottles. The sample bottles were labelled accordingly for all the 3 groups. The serum samples were assayed for
levels of Alkaline phosphatase, Alanine transaminase and Aspertate transaminase using Microwell enzyme
linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique as described by Ekaluo et al.(2010).
Statistical Analysis
The data obtained were expressed as mean ± SD from 5 rats in each group at 3 and 6 weeks. The data
were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s Post hoc test to compare the levels of significance
between the control and experimental groups. All statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS version 20
software and Microsoft Excel. The values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
III. RESULTS
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed revealed the presence of
alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrate, steroids and flavonoids. Anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides were
not detected (Table 1).
Table 1: Phytochemical constituents of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed
Constituent Inference
Alkaloids ++
Flavonoid +++
Saponins ++
Tannins ++
Carbohydrate ++
Anthraquinones -
Steroids +
Cardiac glycoside -
3. Effects of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia...
www.ijpsi.org 7 | Page
Key:
- Absent
+ Present
++ Significantly present
+++ Abundantly present
For acute toxicity study, all the graded doses of the ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seed administered to the
animals showed no signs of toxicity and no deaths were recorded. Therefore, the LD50 of ethanolic extract of
Garcinia kola seed was found to be safe up to 5000 mg/kg body weight.
After 3 weeks of administration of the extract, there was an insignificant increase in AST from 39.25±5.34
(control) to 42.25±4.11 and to 41.75±3.10 in groups II and III (p=0.411 and 0.398 respectively) (Table 2).
After 6 weeks of administration of the extract, there was a decrease in AST from 44.25±2.06 (control) to
43.20±3.11 in group II while there was an increase to 45.75±2.75 in group III when compared with the control
group. The decrease and increase in groups II and III were statistically insignificant with p values of 0.585 and
0.417 respectively (Table 2).
After 3 weeks administration of the extract, there was an insignificant increase in serum ALT from 43.25±2.22
(control) to 47.50±3.11 and to 47.00±3.37 in groups II and III with p values of 0.068 and 0.451 respectively
(Table 2).
After 6 weeks administration of the extract, there was also an insignificant increase in serum ALT from
45.25±3.10 (control) to 49.40±2.88 and to 50.75±4.19 in groups II and III (p=0.076 and 0.087 respectively)
(Table 2).
After 3 weeks administration of the extract, there was decrease in serum ALP from 97.75±6.24 (control) to
93.00±5.72 in group II and an increase in serum ALP to 109.75±11.56 in group III when compared with the
control group. The decrease and increase noted in these groups were statistically insignificant with p values of
0.304 and 0.112 respectively (Table 2).
After 6 weeks of administration, the ethanolic extract of G kola insignificantly increased the serum ALP from
85.75±5.62 (control) to 89.40±9.24 and to 93.00±2.58 in groups II and III with p values of 0.513 and 0.057
respectively(Table 2).
Table 2: Effect of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia Kola on Biochemical Markers of Liver Function after Six
Weeks of Oral Administratiion
Parameters
3 weeks 6 weeks
Treatment Treatment
Control 100mg 200mg control 100mg 200mg
AST(u/l) 39.25±5.38a
42.25±4.11a
41.75±3.10a
44.25±2.06a
43.20±3.11a
45.75±2.75a
ALT(u/l) 43.25±2.22 a
47.50±3.11a
47.00±3.37a
45.25±3.10a
49.40±2.88a
50.75±4.19a
ALP(u/l) 97.75±6.24a
93.00±5.72a
109.75±11.56a
85.75±5.62a
89.40±9.24a
93.00±2.58a
Means with different superscripts (a, b) along the rows are statistically significant when compared with the
control group
IV. DISCUSSION
The liver an important homeostatic organ in the body. The degree of liver damage caused by toxic
substances can be assessed by the determination of activities of biochemical markers of liver function such as
activities of AST, ALT and ALP (Udenze et al, 2012). The enzyme ALP is located in the cytoplasm and is
released into the circulation after cellular damage. ALT and AST are also enzymes released when injury
involves organelles such as liver mitochondria (Udenze et al, 2012). Elevation of the activities of these enzymes
can be indicative of cellular leakage and loss of functional integrity of hepatic cell membrane. This study also
investigated the effect of the ethanolic extract of G kola on the activity of these liver enzymes after 3 and 6
weeks of administration.In this study, there were insignificant (p > 0.05) changes in the activities of AST, ALT
and ALP after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of administration. This reflects the nontoxic effect of Garcinia kola extract
on the liver. A study by Alade and Ani (1990) demonstrated the protective effects of Garcinia kola seed extract
against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in the liver
enzymes. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was attributed to the inhibition of cytochrome P-450 which
normally converts paracetamol to the toxic intermediate metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinoneimine. In a related
study, Osifo et al (2012) and Galam et al (2013) demonstrated no observational histopathological effects by G
kola on the histology of the liver reflecting its hepatic safety in healthy condition.
V. CONCLUSION
This study concludes that administration of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Garcinia kola ethanolic extract for 6
weeks in wistar rats did not demonstrate detrimental effects on the activities of the liver.
4. Effects of Ethanol Extract of Garcinia...
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