This document proposes an improved LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) communication protocol for energy efficient data mining in multi-feature sensor networks. The original LEACH protocol has drawbacks like random cluster head selection and uneven energy consumption. The improved protocol designates both a cluster head and sub-cluster head to take over if the head dies. This addresses the issues with the cluster head dying and the cluster becoming useless. The improved LEACH protocol is proposed to cluster sensor nodes in multi-feature networks to enhance energy efficiency and reliability of data transfer compared to the original LEACH protocol.
Efficient Cluster Based Data Collection Using Mobile Data Collector for Wirel...ijceronline
Establishing an efficient data gathering scheme in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task. Lot of researches has been carried out to establish energy efficient data gathering scheme to avoid heavy traffic received by the nodes near the sink. Data gathering scheme is a significant factor in determining the network lifetime. In this paper we propose an efficient data gathering scheme by introducing clustering and mobility into the wireless sensor network. We consider data collection in wireless sensor networks by utilizing mobile data collector and cluster heads. Cluster heads are chosen and clusters are formed to collect data from the sensor nodes. The proposed scheme finds the shortest tour for the mobile data collector to collect data from the cluster heads. The shortest tour saves time and energy in data gathering.
Data gathering in wireless sensor networks using intermediate nodesIJCNCJournal
Energy consumption is an essential concern to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).The major cause of the energy consumption in WSNs is due to the data aggregation. A data aggregation is a process of collecting data from sensor nodes and transmitting these data to the sink node or base station. An effective way to perform such a task is accomplished by using clustering. In clustering, nodes are grouped into clusters where a number of nodes, called cluster heads, are responsible for gathering data from other nodes, aggregate them and transmit them to the Base Station (BS).
In this paper we produce a new algorithm which focused on reducing the transmission bath between sensor nodes and cluster heads. A proper utilization and reserving of the available power resources is achieved with this technique compared to the well-known LEACH_C algorithm.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
FUZZY-CLUSTERING BASED DATA GATHERING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK ijsc
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is spatially distributed, collection of sensor nodes for the purpose of
monitoring physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to
cooperatively pass their data through the network to a base station. The critical challenge is to minimize
the energy consumption in data gathering and forwarding from sensor nodes to the sink. Cluster based
data aggregation is one of the most popular communication protocols in this field. Clustering is an
important procedure for extending the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. Cluster Heads (CH)
aggregate data from relevant cluster nodes and send it to the base station. A main challenge in WSNs is to
select suitable CHs. Another communication protocol is based on a tree construction. In this protocol,
energy consumption is low because there are short paths between the sensors. In this paper, Dynamic
Fuzzy Clustering data aggregation is introduced. This approach is based on clustering and minimum
spanning tree. The proposed method initially uses fuzzy decision making approach for the selection of CHs.
Afterward a minimum spanning tree is constructed based on CHs. CHs are selected efficiently and
accurately. The combining clustering and tree structure is reclaiming the advantages of the previous
structures. Our method is compared to the well-known data aggregation methods, in terms of energy
consumption and the amount of energy residuary in each sensor network lifetime. Our method decreases
energy consumption of each node. When the best CHs selected and the minimum spanning tree is formed by
the best CHs, the remaining energy of the nodes will be preserved. Node lifetime has an important role in
WSN. Using our proposed data aggregation algorithm, survival of the network is improved
INCREASING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LIFETIME WITH NEW METHODijwmn
One of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is severe energy restrictions. As the
performance of Sensor Networks is strongly dependence to the network lifetime, researchers seek a way to
use node energy supply effectively and increasing network lifetime. As a consequence, it is crucial to use
routing algorithms result in decrease energy consumption and better bandwidth utilization. The purpose of
this paper is to increase Wireless Sensor Networks lifetime using LEACH-algorithm. So before clustering
Network environment, it is divided into two virtual layers (using distance between sensor nodes and base
station) and then regarding to sensors position in each of two layers, residual energy of sensor and
distance from base station is used in clustering. In this article, we compare proposed algorithm with wellknown LEACH and ELEACH algorithms in homogenous environment (with equal energy for all sensors)
and heterogeneous one (energy of half of sensors get doubled), also for static and dynamic situation of base
station. Results show that our proposed algorithm delivers improved performance.
A Cooperative Cache Management Scheme for IEEE802.15.4 based Wireless Sensor ...IJECEIAES
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY layer standards is a recent trend in the market. It has gained tremendous attention due to its low energy consumption characteristics and low data rates. However, for larger networks minimizing energy consumption is still an issue because of the dissemination of large overheads throughout the network. This consumption of energy can be reduced by incorporating a novel cooperative caching scheme to minimize overheads and to serve data with minimal latency and thereby reduce the energy consumption. This paper explores the possibilities to enhance the energy efficiency by incorporating a cooperative caching strategy.
Efficient Cluster Based Data Collection Using Mobile Data Collector for Wirel...ijceronline
Establishing an efficient data gathering scheme in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task. Lot of researches has been carried out to establish energy efficient data gathering scheme to avoid heavy traffic received by the nodes near the sink. Data gathering scheme is a significant factor in determining the network lifetime. In this paper we propose an efficient data gathering scheme by introducing clustering and mobility into the wireless sensor network. We consider data collection in wireless sensor networks by utilizing mobile data collector and cluster heads. Cluster heads are chosen and clusters are formed to collect data from the sensor nodes. The proposed scheme finds the shortest tour for the mobile data collector to collect data from the cluster heads. The shortest tour saves time and energy in data gathering.
Data gathering in wireless sensor networks using intermediate nodesIJCNCJournal
Energy consumption is an essential concern to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).The major cause of the energy consumption in WSNs is due to the data aggregation. A data aggregation is a process of collecting data from sensor nodes and transmitting these data to the sink node or base station. An effective way to perform such a task is accomplished by using clustering. In clustering, nodes are grouped into clusters where a number of nodes, called cluster heads, are responsible for gathering data from other nodes, aggregate them and transmit them to the Base Station (BS).
In this paper we produce a new algorithm which focused on reducing the transmission bath between sensor nodes and cluster heads. A proper utilization and reserving of the available power resources is achieved with this technique compared to the well-known LEACH_C algorithm.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
FUZZY-CLUSTERING BASED DATA GATHERING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK ijsc
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is spatially distributed, collection of sensor nodes for the purpose of
monitoring physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and to
cooperatively pass their data through the network to a base station. The critical challenge is to minimize
the energy consumption in data gathering and forwarding from sensor nodes to the sink. Cluster based
data aggregation is one of the most popular communication protocols in this field. Clustering is an
important procedure for extending the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. Cluster Heads (CH)
aggregate data from relevant cluster nodes and send it to the base station. A main challenge in WSNs is to
select suitable CHs. Another communication protocol is based on a tree construction. In this protocol,
energy consumption is low because there are short paths between the sensors. In this paper, Dynamic
Fuzzy Clustering data aggregation is introduced. This approach is based on clustering and minimum
spanning tree. The proposed method initially uses fuzzy decision making approach for the selection of CHs.
Afterward a minimum spanning tree is constructed based on CHs. CHs are selected efficiently and
accurately. The combining clustering and tree structure is reclaiming the advantages of the previous
structures. Our method is compared to the well-known data aggregation methods, in terms of energy
consumption and the amount of energy residuary in each sensor network lifetime. Our method decreases
energy consumption of each node. When the best CHs selected and the minimum spanning tree is formed by
the best CHs, the remaining energy of the nodes will be preserved. Node lifetime has an important role in
WSN. Using our proposed data aggregation algorithm, survival of the network is improved
INCREASING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LIFETIME WITH NEW METHODijwmn
One of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is severe energy restrictions. As the
performance of Sensor Networks is strongly dependence to the network lifetime, researchers seek a way to
use node energy supply effectively and increasing network lifetime. As a consequence, it is crucial to use
routing algorithms result in decrease energy consumption and better bandwidth utilization. The purpose of
this paper is to increase Wireless Sensor Networks lifetime using LEACH-algorithm. So before clustering
Network environment, it is divided into two virtual layers (using distance between sensor nodes and base
station) and then regarding to sensors position in each of two layers, residual energy of sensor and
distance from base station is used in clustering. In this article, we compare proposed algorithm with wellknown LEACH and ELEACH algorithms in homogenous environment (with equal energy for all sensors)
and heterogeneous one (energy of half of sensors get doubled), also for static and dynamic situation of base
station. Results show that our proposed algorithm delivers improved performance.
A Cooperative Cache Management Scheme for IEEE802.15.4 based Wireless Sensor ...IJECEIAES
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY layer standards is a recent trend in the market. It has gained tremendous attention due to its low energy consumption characteristics and low data rates. However, for larger networks minimizing energy consumption is still an issue because of the dissemination of large overheads throughout the network. This consumption of energy can be reduced by incorporating a novel cooperative caching scheme to minimize overheads and to serve data with minimal latency and thereby reduce the energy consumption. This paper explores the possibilities to enhance the energy efficiency by incorporating a cooperative caching strategy.
Cluster Head Selection Techniques for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networ...ijsrd.com
Wireless sensor networks are widely considered as one of the most important technologies. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. They have been applied to numerous fields such as healthcare, monitoring system, military, and so forth. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Energy efficiency is thus a primary issue in maintaining the network. Innovative techniques that improve energy efficiency to prolong the network lifetime are highly required. Clustering is an effective topology control approach in wireless sensor networks. This paper elaborates several techniques like LEACH, HEED, LEACH-B, PEACH, EEUC of cluster head selection for energy efficient in wireless sensor networks.
A Reliable Routing Technique for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of very large number of sensor nodes which are deployed close to the area which
is to be monitored so as to sense various environmental conditions. WSN is a data-driven network which produces large amount of data
and also sensor nodes are energy-limited devices and their energy consumption is mainly associated with data routing. Therefore it is
necessary to perform redundant data aggregation so as to save energy. In this work data aggregation is achieved with the help of two key
approaches namely Clustering approach and In-network data aggregation. These two approaches help to save energy and thereby
increasing the lifetime of the network. The proposed work has some key features like reliable cluster formation, high data aggregation
rate, priority of packets, minimized overhead, multiple routes, reduced energy consumption which enhance the network lifetime. The
performance evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out using Network Simulator- version 2
Scheduling different types of packets, such as
real-time and non-real-time data packets, at sensor nodes with
resource constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of
vital importance to reduce sensors’ energy consumptions and endto-end
data transmission delays. Most of the existing packetscheduling
mechanisms of WSN use First Come First Served
(FCFS), non pre-emptive priority and pre-emptive priority
scheduling algorithms. These algorithms incur a high processing
overhead and long end-to-end data transmission delay due to the
FCFS concept, starvation of high priority real-time data packets
due to the transmission of a large data packet in non pre-emptive
priority scheduling, starvation of non-real-time data packets due
to the probable continuous arrival of real-time data in preemptive
priority scheduling, and improper allocation of data
packets to queues in multilevel queue scheduling algorithms.
Moreover, these algorithms are not dynamic to the changing
requirements of WSN applications since their scheduling policies
are predetermined.
In the Advanced Multilevel Priority packet scheduling
scheme, each node except those at the last level has three levels of
priority queues. According to the priority of the packet and
availability of the queue, node will schedule the packet for
transmission. Due to separated queue availability, packet
transmission delay is reduced. Due to reduction in packet
transmission delay, node can goes into sleep mode as soon as
possible. And Expired packets are deleted at the particular node
at itself before reaching the base station, so that processing
burden on the node is reduced. Thus, energy of the node is saved.
Data aggregation in important issue in WSN’s. Because with the help of data aggregation; we are
reduce energy consumption in the network. In the Ad-hoc sensor network have the most challenging task
is to maintain a life time of the node. due to efficient data aggregation increase the life of the network. In
this paper, we are going to provide the information about the type of the network and which data
aggregation algorithm is best. In big scale sensor network, energy economical, data collection and query
distribution in most important.
Keywords — data aggregation; wireless sensor network
Energy aware clustering protocol (eacp)IJCNCJournal
Energy saving to prolong the network life is an important design issue while developing a new routing
protocol for wireless sensor network. Clustering is a key technique for this and helps in maximizing the
network lifetime and scalability. Most of the routing and data dissemination protocols of WSN assume a
homogeneous network architecture, in which all sensors have the same capabilities in terms of battery
power, communication, sensing, storage, and processing. Recently, there has been an interest in
heterogeneous sensor networks, especially for real deployments. This research paper has proposed a new
energy aware clustering protocol (EACP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Heterogeneity is
introduced in EACP by using two types of nodes: normal and advanced. In EACP cluster heads for normal
nodes are elected with the help of a probability scheme based on residual and average energy of the
normal nodes. This will ensure that only the high residual normal nodes can become the cluster head in a
round. Advanced nodes use a separate probability based scheme for cluster head election and they will
further act as a gateway for normal cluster heads and transmit their data load to base station when they
are not doing the duty of a cluster head. Finally a sleep state is suggested for some sensor nodes during
cluster formation phase to save network energy. The performance of EACP is compared with SEP and
simulation result shows the better result for stability period, network life and energy saving than SEP.
Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks: A State-of-the Art SurveyCSCJournals
A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny nodes with wireless sensing capacity for data collection processing and further communicating with the Base Station this paper discusses the overall mechanism of data dissemination right from data collection at the sensor nodes, clustering of sensor nodes, data aggregation at the cluster heads and disseminating data to the Base Station the overall motive of the paper is to conserve energy so that lifetime of the network is extended this paper highlights the existing algorithms and open research gaps in efficient data dissemination.
ENERGY EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER HEAD ELECTION USING EXPONENTIAL DECAY F...ijwmn
In the recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) have witnessed increased interest in information gathering in applications such as combat field reconnaissance, security surveillance, environmental monitoring, patient health monitoring and so on. Thus, there is a need for scalable and energy-efficient routing, data gathering and aggregation protocols in these WSN environments. Various hierarchical
clustering Protocols have been proposed by authors for WSN to improve system stability, lifetime, and energy efficiency. Clustering involves grouping nodes into disjoint and non-overlapping clusters. In this paper we motivate the need for clustering. Secondly, we present general classification of published clustering schemes. Thirdly, we review some existing clustering algorithms proposed for WSNs; highlighting their objectives, features, and so on. Finally, we develop an Average Energy (AvE) prediction algorithm using exponential decay function y=Ae-ax+B. We then combine this function with the
probabilistic distributed LEACH of algorithm to determine suitable CHs. The combined algorithm was implemented on MATLAB simulator and tested for homogenous network. The result gathered from the simulation shows that the extended algorithm in homogenous network mode is able to achieve 39%
stability, 11% Average energy Dissipation per round and 40% Lifespan better than LEACH-Homo. This paper proposes a new direction in improving energy efficiency of WSN routing protocol, which is desirable in some critical WSN applications. .
Mobile Data Gathering with Load Balanced Clustering and Dual Data Uploading i...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
Maximizing Lifetime of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Network through Energy Eff...CSCJournals
The objective of this paper is to develop a mechanism to increase the lifetime of homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through minimizing long range communication, efficient data delivery and energy balancing. Energy efficiency is a very important issue for sensor nodes which affects the lifetime of sensor networks. To achieve energy balancing and maximizing network lifetime we divided the whole network into different clusters. In cluster based architecture, the role of aggregator node is very crucial because of extra processing and long range communication. Once the aggregator node becomes non functional, it affects the whole cluster. We introduced a candidate cluster head node on the basis of node density. We proposed a modified cluster based WSN architecture by introducing a server node (SN) that is rich in terms of resources. This server node (SN) takes the responsibility of transmitting data to the base station over longer distances from the cluster head. We proposed cluster head selection algorithm based on residual energy, distance, reliability and degree of mobility. The proposed method can save overall energy consumption and extend the lifetime of the sensor network and also addresses robustness against even/uneven node deployment.
Energy efficient data communication approach in wireless sensor networksijassn
Wireless sensor network has a vast variety of applications. The adoption of energy efficient cluster-based
configuration has many untapped desirable benefits for the WSNs. The limitation of energy in a sensor
node creates challenges for routing in WSNs. The research work presents the organized and detailed
description of energy conservation method for WSNs. In the proposed method reclustering and multihop
data transmission processes are utilized for data reporting to base station by sensor node. The accurate use
of energy in WSNs is the main challenge for exploiting the network to the full extent. The main aim of the
proposed method is that by evenly distributing the energy all over the sensor nodes and by reducing the
total energy dissipation, the lifetime of the network is enhanced, so that the node will remain alive for
longer times inside the cluster. The result shows that the proposed clustering approach has higher stable
region and network life time than Topology-Controlled Adaptive Clustering (TCAC) and Low-Energy
Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) for WSNs.
FPGA Based Implementation of Electronic Safe LockIOSR Journals
Thispaper is based on design of an “Automatic Security System Using VHDL” providing
understandable and adequate operating procedure to the user. The operation is conducted by six different
modules. If any of the modules fails, the failed module can be replaced without affecting the activity of others.
The safety is ensured to the user by setting a secret code number which is the combination of three numbers, by
doing so, only the authorized users can unlock the safe. The paper finds its appositeness in big organizations,
military and banking sectors. Simulation through VHDL is quite generous and fiscal due to the reduction in
number of components. Important operation consideration is to not give any indication to the user that the
combination entered is incorrect until after the user has entered the all three numbers and pressed the OPEN
key. Otherwise, it is possible for a user to determine the combination in no more than 96 attempts, as opposed to
no more than 32,768 attempts
High Performance Temperature Insensitive Current Mode Rectifier without DiodeIOSR Journals
A new current mode precision rectifier is presented. This circuit provides precision rectification for
wide range of input signal with low temperature sensitivity. It can work as full wave rectifier as well as half
wave rectifier with controllability on action. It can amplify rectified current signal by a bias voltage. Direction
of the output current signal can also be controlled by changing the polarity of the bias voltage. It can operate up
to tens of Giga Hertz. The rectifier circuit with above features does not use any diode but only two CMOS
CCCDTA. Power consumption of the circuit is 601.05μW. The performance of the circuit is verified by PSPICE
simulations
A Comparative Study of Certain Administrative and Academic Aspects of Minorit...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The last three decades or so, it is found that there have certain disputes arising out of functioning of
such institutions established by the Minorities. Some of these disputes are even taken to the courts of law and
adjunction arising out of these disputes have had some impact. In this view it appears important to take stock of
situation in a dispassionate manner. This therefore appears to be good researchable problem as to how minority
Institutions are properly using or misusing the immunities guarented to them by legislation under the
constitutional provision and also adjucations pronounced in their favour to interpret their immunities and
benefits.
Cluster Head Selection Techniques for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networ...ijsrd.com
Wireless sensor networks are widely considered as one of the most important technologies. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of ten to thousand small nodes with sensing, computing and wireless communication capabilities. They have been applied to numerous fields such as healthcare, monitoring system, military, and so forth. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awareness is an essential consideration. Energy efficiency is thus a primary issue in maintaining the network. Innovative techniques that improve energy efficiency to prolong the network lifetime are highly required. Clustering is an effective topology control approach in wireless sensor networks. This paper elaborates several techniques like LEACH, HEED, LEACH-B, PEACH, EEUC of cluster head selection for energy efficient in wireless sensor networks.
A Reliable Routing Technique for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJCATR
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of very large number of sensor nodes which are deployed close to the area which
is to be monitored so as to sense various environmental conditions. WSN is a data-driven network which produces large amount of data
and also sensor nodes are energy-limited devices and their energy consumption is mainly associated with data routing. Therefore it is
necessary to perform redundant data aggregation so as to save energy. In this work data aggregation is achieved with the help of two key
approaches namely Clustering approach and In-network data aggregation. These two approaches help to save energy and thereby
increasing the lifetime of the network. The proposed work has some key features like reliable cluster formation, high data aggregation
rate, priority of packets, minimized overhead, multiple routes, reduced energy consumption which enhance the network lifetime. The
performance evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out using Network Simulator- version 2
Scheduling different types of packets, such as
real-time and non-real-time data packets, at sensor nodes with
resource constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is of
vital importance to reduce sensors’ energy consumptions and endto-end
data transmission delays. Most of the existing packetscheduling
mechanisms of WSN use First Come First Served
(FCFS), non pre-emptive priority and pre-emptive priority
scheduling algorithms. These algorithms incur a high processing
overhead and long end-to-end data transmission delay due to the
FCFS concept, starvation of high priority real-time data packets
due to the transmission of a large data packet in non pre-emptive
priority scheduling, starvation of non-real-time data packets due
to the probable continuous arrival of real-time data in preemptive
priority scheduling, and improper allocation of data
packets to queues in multilevel queue scheduling algorithms.
Moreover, these algorithms are not dynamic to the changing
requirements of WSN applications since their scheduling policies
are predetermined.
In the Advanced Multilevel Priority packet scheduling
scheme, each node except those at the last level has three levels of
priority queues. According to the priority of the packet and
availability of the queue, node will schedule the packet for
transmission. Due to separated queue availability, packet
transmission delay is reduced. Due to reduction in packet
transmission delay, node can goes into sleep mode as soon as
possible. And Expired packets are deleted at the particular node
at itself before reaching the base station, so that processing
burden on the node is reduced. Thus, energy of the node is saved.
Data aggregation in important issue in WSN’s. Because with the help of data aggregation; we are
reduce energy consumption in the network. In the Ad-hoc sensor network have the most challenging task
is to maintain a life time of the node. due to efficient data aggregation increase the life of the network. In
this paper, we are going to provide the information about the type of the network and which data
aggregation algorithm is best. In big scale sensor network, energy economical, data collection and query
distribution in most important.
Keywords — data aggregation; wireless sensor network
Energy aware clustering protocol (eacp)IJCNCJournal
Energy saving to prolong the network life is an important design issue while developing a new routing
protocol for wireless sensor network. Clustering is a key technique for this and helps in maximizing the
network lifetime and scalability. Most of the routing and data dissemination protocols of WSN assume a
homogeneous network architecture, in which all sensors have the same capabilities in terms of battery
power, communication, sensing, storage, and processing. Recently, there has been an interest in
heterogeneous sensor networks, especially for real deployments. This research paper has proposed a new
energy aware clustering protocol (EACP) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Heterogeneity is
introduced in EACP by using two types of nodes: normal and advanced. In EACP cluster heads for normal
nodes are elected with the help of a probability scheme based on residual and average energy of the
normal nodes. This will ensure that only the high residual normal nodes can become the cluster head in a
round. Advanced nodes use a separate probability based scheme for cluster head election and they will
further act as a gateway for normal cluster heads and transmit their data load to base station when they
are not doing the duty of a cluster head. Finally a sleep state is suggested for some sensor nodes during
cluster formation phase to save network energy. The performance of EACP is compared with SEP and
simulation result shows the better result for stability period, network life and energy saving than SEP.
Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks: A State-of-the Art SurveyCSCJournals
A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny nodes with wireless sensing capacity for data collection processing and further communicating with the Base Station this paper discusses the overall mechanism of data dissemination right from data collection at the sensor nodes, clustering of sensor nodes, data aggregation at the cluster heads and disseminating data to the Base Station the overall motive of the paper is to conserve energy so that lifetime of the network is extended this paper highlights the existing algorithms and open research gaps in efficient data dissemination.
ENERGY EFFICIENT HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER HEAD ELECTION USING EXPONENTIAL DECAY F...ijwmn
In the recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) have witnessed increased interest in information gathering in applications such as combat field reconnaissance, security surveillance, environmental monitoring, patient health monitoring and so on. Thus, there is a need for scalable and energy-efficient routing, data gathering and aggregation protocols in these WSN environments. Various hierarchical
clustering Protocols have been proposed by authors for WSN to improve system stability, lifetime, and energy efficiency. Clustering involves grouping nodes into disjoint and non-overlapping clusters. In this paper we motivate the need for clustering. Secondly, we present general classification of published clustering schemes. Thirdly, we review some existing clustering algorithms proposed for WSNs; highlighting their objectives, features, and so on. Finally, we develop an Average Energy (AvE) prediction algorithm using exponential decay function y=Ae-ax+B. We then combine this function with the
probabilistic distributed LEACH of algorithm to determine suitable CHs. The combined algorithm was implemented on MATLAB simulator and tested for homogenous network. The result gathered from the simulation shows that the extended algorithm in homogenous network mode is able to achieve 39%
stability, 11% Average energy Dissipation per round and 40% Lifespan better than LEACH-Homo. This paper proposes a new direction in improving energy efficiency of WSN routing protocol, which is desirable in some critical WSN applications. .
Mobile Data Gathering with Load Balanced Clustering and Dual Data Uploading i...1crore projects
IEEE PROJECTS 2015
1 crore projects is a leading Guide for ieee Projects and real time projects Works Provider.
It has been provided Lot of Guidance for Thousands of Students & made them more beneficial in all Technology Training.
Dot Net
DOTNET Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
Java Project Domain list 2015
1. IEEE based on datamining and knowledge engineering
2. IEEE based on mobile computing
3. IEEE based on networking
4. IEEE based on Image processing
5. IEEE based on Multimedia
6. IEEE based on Network security
7. IEEE based on parallel and distributed systems
ECE IEEE Projects 2015
1. Matlab project
2. Ns2 project
3. Embedded project
4. Robotics project
Eligibility
Final Year students of
1. BSc (C.S)
2. BCA/B.E(C.S)
3. B.Tech IT
4. BE (C.S)
5. MSc (C.S)
6. MSc (IT)
7. MCA
8. MS (IT)
9. ME(ALL)
10. BE(ECE)(EEE)(E&I)
TECHNOLOGY USED AND FOR TRAINING IN
1. DOT NET
2. C sharp
3. ASP
4. VB
5. SQL SERVER
6. JAVA
7. J2EE
8. STRINGS
9. ORACLE
10. VB dotNET
11. EMBEDDED
12. MAT LAB
13. LAB VIEW
14. Multi Sim
CONTACT US
1 CRORE PROJECTS
Door No: 214/215,2nd Floor,
No. 172, Raahat Plaza, (Shopping Mall) ,Arcot Road, Vadapalani, Chennai,
Tamin Nadu, INDIA - 600 026
Email id: 1croreprojects@gmail.com
website:1croreprojects.com
Phone : +91 97518 00789 / +91 72999 51536
Maximizing Lifetime of Homogeneous Wireless Sensor Network through Energy Eff...CSCJournals
The objective of this paper is to develop a mechanism to increase the lifetime of homogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through minimizing long range communication, efficient data delivery and energy balancing. Energy efficiency is a very important issue for sensor nodes which affects the lifetime of sensor networks. To achieve energy balancing and maximizing network lifetime we divided the whole network into different clusters. In cluster based architecture, the role of aggregator node is very crucial because of extra processing and long range communication. Once the aggregator node becomes non functional, it affects the whole cluster. We introduced a candidate cluster head node on the basis of node density. We proposed a modified cluster based WSN architecture by introducing a server node (SN) that is rich in terms of resources. This server node (SN) takes the responsibility of transmitting data to the base station over longer distances from the cluster head. We proposed cluster head selection algorithm based on residual energy, distance, reliability and degree of mobility. The proposed method can save overall energy consumption and extend the lifetime of the sensor network and also addresses robustness against even/uneven node deployment.
Energy efficient data communication approach in wireless sensor networksijassn
Wireless sensor network has a vast variety of applications. The adoption of energy efficient cluster-based
configuration has many untapped desirable benefits for the WSNs. The limitation of energy in a sensor
node creates challenges for routing in WSNs. The research work presents the organized and detailed
description of energy conservation method for WSNs. In the proposed method reclustering and multihop
data transmission processes are utilized for data reporting to base station by sensor node. The accurate use
of energy in WSNs is the main challenge for exploiting the network to the full extent. The main aim of the
proposed method is that by evenly distributing the energy all over the sensor nodes and by reducing the
total energy dissipation, the lifetime of the network is enhanced, so that the node will remain alive for
longer times inside the cluster. The result shows that the proposed clustering approach has higher stable
region and network life time than Topology-Controlled Adaptive Clustering (TCAC) and Low-Energy
Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) for WSNs.
FPGA Based Implementation of Electronic Safe LockIOSR Journals
Thispaper is based on design of an “Automatic Security System Using VHDL” providing
understandable and adequate operating procedure to the user. The operation is conducted by six different
modules. If any of the modules fails, the failed module can be replaced without affecting the activity of others.
The safety is ensured to the user by setting a secret code number which is the combination of three numbers, by
doing so, only the authorized users can unlock the safe. The paper finds its appositeness in big organizations,
military and banking sectors. Simulation through VHDL is quite generous and fiscal due to the reduction in
number of components. Important operation consideration is to not give any indication to the user that the
combination entered is incorrect until after the user has entered the all three numbers and pressed the OPEN
key. Otherwise, it is possible for a user to determine the combination in no more than 96 attempts, as opposed to
no more than 32,768 attempts
High Performance Temperature Insensitive Current Mode Rectifier without DiodeIOSR Journals
A new current mode precision rectifier is presented. This circuit provides precision rectification for
wide range of input signal with low temperature sensitivity. It can work as full wave rectifier as well as half
wave rectifier with controllability on action. It can amplify rectified current signal by a bias voltage. Direction
of the output current signal can also be controlled by changing the polarity of the bias voltage. It can operate up
to tens of Giga Hertz. The rectifier circuit with above features does not use any diode but only two CMOS
CCCDTA. Power consumption of the circuit is 601.05μW. The performance of the circuit is verified by PSPICE
simulations
A Comparative Study of Certain Administrative and Academic Aspects of Minorit...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The last three decades or so, it is found that there have certain disputes arising out of functioning of
such institutions established by the Minorities. Some of these disputes are even taken to the courts of law and
adjunction arising out of these disputes have had some impact. In this view it appears important to take stock of
situation in a dispassionate manner. This therefore appears to be good researchable problem as to how minority
Institutions are properly using or misusing the immunities guarented to them by legislation under the
constitutional provision and also adjucations pronounced in their favour to interpret their immunities and
benefits.
CFD Simulation and Analysis of Fluid Flow Parameters within a Y-Shaped Branch...IOSR Journals
Plumbing system use pipe fittings to connect straight pipe or tubing section for regulating or measuring fluid flow. Y (wye)-shape fitting is one of the important component in the plumbing system. A wye branch allows splitting a branch line equally in two directions. The opening sizes can vary for different situations for instance in situation where a large main line needs to be split into two smaller branches. The wye shape fitting will convert into T shape fitting when the included angle between two pipe branches is 180°. In the present work, effect of angle of turn/bend for a Y-shape pipe will be studied computationally using ANSYS CFX software. For the analysis, all the three pipe branches of 1 inch internal diameter are selected along with equal length so that only the effect of bend angle at 450, 600, 900 and 1800 can be studied. Water as a fluid is selected which flows through the plumbing system. The effect of bend angle, pipe diameter, pipe length, Reynolds number on the resistance coefficient is studied. It was observed that resistance coefficient vary with the change in flow
Congestion Control in Manets Using Hybrid Routing ProtocolIOSR Journals
As the network size increases the probability of congestion occurrence at nodes increases. This is
because of the event driven nature of ad hoc networks that leads to unpredictable network load. As a result
congestion may occur at the nodes which receive more data than that can be forwarded and cause packet losses.
In this paper we propose a hybrid scheme that attempts to avoid packet loss due to congestion as well as reduce
end to end delay in delivering data packets by combining two protocols- Destination sequenced distance vector
routing (DSDV), which is a table driven or proactive protocol and Improved Ad-hoc on demand vector routing
(IAODV) which is an on-demand or reactive protocol that reduces packet loss due to congestion. The strategy
adopted is use DSDV for path selection and if congestion occurs than switch over to IAODV. The routing
performance of this model is then compared with IAODV and DSDV in terms of end to end delay, throughput
and packet delivery fraction
Assessment of Combinatorial Support Assemblies and Their Energy Matrixes in H...IOSR Journals
The bolt and nut coupling are fundamental design requirement for machines and steel structures and
their relevance and utilization are of topmost priority in the areas of their application. The paper viewed the
component parts and dimensions of this coupling from the perspective of energy content delivery, balancing and
equilibrium. This result from the fact that the supply of compression torque on the coupling converts ingrained
residual energy in the individual parts into utility energy assets for the support and sustenance of structures of
interest. The mechanics and practicality of this energy matrix theory has been investigated using congruent
scientific analysis, conventional tables, lab test data and graphics which depicts boundary behavioral
tendencies resulting from structural realignments in the face of increasing load value. The extreme limit of this
realignments, culminate in varying degrees of yield conditions particular viewed as deformation, which occurs
at the point of lowest energy availability in the coupled system.
Implementation of error correcting methods to the asynchronous Delay Insensit...IOSR Journals
Abstract: This Paper provides an approach for reducing delay and area in asynchronous communication. A new class of error correcting Delay Insensitive (ie., unordered) codes is introduced for global asynchronous communication.It simultaneously provides timing-robustness and fault tolerance for the codes.A systematic and weighted code is targeted. The proposed error correcting unordered (ECU) code, called zero-sum can provide 1-bit correction.The extensions to the zero-sum code are given.The zero_sum⁺ code provides 3-bit error detection,or it can provide 2-bit detection and 1-bit correction.The zero_sum* code support 2-bit correction,while still guaranteeing 2-bit detection under different strategies of weight assignments. Zero_sum* code provides 2-bit correction coverage (50 % to 70%) of all 2-bit errors. The proposed method reduces delay occurred, due to the transfer of corrupted bits in a packet on the channel by the removal of timer and also reduces the area with the proposed Completion Detector (CD). Keywords : Asynchronous communication, Four phase protocol , error-correcting codes, delay insensitive and unordered.
Simulation of IEEE 802.16e Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract : Growth in technology has led to unprecedented demand for high speed Internet access. IEEE
802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) is a wireless communication standard with high data transfer rates and good
performance. It not only is efficient as compared to its counterpart technologies today (Wi-Fi and 3G), but also
lays the foundation for 4G mobile communication. In 4G wireless communication systems, bandwidth is a
precious resource, and service providers are continuously met with the challenge of accommodating more users
within a limited allocated bandwidth. To increase data rate of wireless medium with higher performance,
Mobile WiMAX uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). This paper describes the
simulation of the physical layer of IEEE 802.16e using Simulink in Matlab 7.0 (R2010a). The system
performance is evaluated considering the Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and Bit error rate (BER) parameters.
Keywords: 802.16e, OFDMA, Mobile WiMAX.
Effects of Psychological Training on Mental Skills with Female Basketball Pla...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a psychological skills training program on
psychological skills of female basketball players. These psychological skills consisted of imagery, relaxation,
focusing, refocusing, goal setting, competition planning, fear control, and stress reactions. The sample
consisted of 12 semi-elite female basketball players from Nasr team in Tehran city that purposely were
selected in 2014 (with the mean age of 23/58± 1/67 years old). All Subjects completed the OMSAT-3
questionnaire that has been confirmed by SanatyMonfared& et al. (2006) in Iran. After giving pre-test, the
subjects divided in two experimental and control group, and then 12-weeks interventions (including,
imagery, relaxation, goal setting, self-talk, and focus training) were done. After 12 weeks, the subjects of two
groups completed the OMSAT-3 questionnaire for post-test. Then, the data were analyzed with descriptive and
inferential statistics methods. The result of dependent t-test for comparing the pre-test and post-test scores
showed that there is a significant difference between scores of pre- and post-test of experimental group (t=
4/98, p<0/01). As a result, it is concluded that, these interventions have positive effects on subscales of
foundation skills, psycho-somatic skills, and cognitive skills from pre-test to post-test for experimental
group versus control group.
Key words: Psychological skills, Mental training, Imagery, Goal setting, OMSAT-3 Questionnaire, Basketball
Analysis of Cow’s Urine for Detection of Lipase Activity and Anti-Microbial P...IOSR Journals
There is enormous amount of literature in Ayurveda stating the importance of cow’s urine for all purposes, including its importance in our daily life. This research targets on the antimicrobial activity of urine and its biochemical content that can be the key potential factor for its usage as a medicine.
A detailed biochemical analysis of cow’s urine was done to understand its antibacterial/antifungal properties along with lipase activity which could make it a potentially effective anti-cancer agent.
Various micro-organismal plating techniques were applied using Nutrient and Potato Dextrose Agar as the medium for bacterial and fungal growth, to study the inhibitory activity of cow’s urine on these organisms. Thin layer chromatography, Volumetric analysis, Spectrophotometric analysis and Tributyrin tests were conducted on cow’s urine sample to analyze the lipase activity present within the urine content.
Statistical comparisons, of the spectra obtained from the Spectrophotometric analysis of urine sample, were made with those already analyzed on various types of lipase activity detections from previous researches, and similarities were observed in both studies to ascertain the lipase factor potential within cow’s urine sample.
The tests proved that cow’s urine was highly effective in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth and also a potential natural source of lipase enzyme.
Characterizing Erythrophleum Suaveolens Charcoal as a Viable Alternative Fuel...IOSR Journals
An experimental study was conducted to characterize erythrophleum suaveolens (Gwaska) charcoal. The test was conducted for proximate analysis (involving the determination of moisture content, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon) and ultimate analysis (involving the determination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen sulphur and calorific value) of erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal. The determined values of moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon were 0.94%, 6.13%, 6.77% and 86.16% respectively. Also the determined values of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and calorific value were 77.5%, 9%, 5.48%, 1.89%, 0.003% and 7158.6995 Kcal/Kg respectively. Therefore, the gwaska charcoal satisfies the blast furnace requirements for moisture, ash and sulphur in Nigeria. However, its volatile matter exceeds the specified limit except for Indian standard practice. The erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal’s thermal properties showed that it could compete favourably with coke and therefore can be an excellent reducing fuel for the production of iron.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Assessment of the Implementation of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Preventiv...IOSR Journals
Background: Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP) is one of the important
causes of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). VAP is the leading cause of morbidity
and mortality in PICUs. Aim: To assess the compliance to ventilator bundle components: elevation of the head
of bed >30, sedation interruption, spontaneous breathing trial, peptic ulcer prophylaxis and its effect on the
prevention of VAP. Subjects and Methods: A case control study at PICU of Abo EL Reish El Moneira Hospital,
including all mechanically ventilated patients admitted over a period of one year. The study tested the effect of
implementation of this bundle as regard the rate of VAP in both group, compliance to bundle and most affecting
component of it. Results: There was decrease incidence of VAP after implementation of the bundle, from (50%)
to (14%). Development of VAP was mostly affected by being in supine position, long duration of mechanical
ventilation and presence of pump failure. (p<0.05) The compliance to bundle components was statistically
significant, p= 0.001. Conclusion: VAP rate decreased after implementation of this bundle. Elevation of the
head of bed was the most compliant component of bundle in the PICU.
Effect of Seismic Joint in the Performance of Multi-Storeyed L-Shaped BuildingIOSR Journals
The choices of building shapes and structural systems have significant effect on their seismic performance. While symmetrical buildings result in a fairly uniform distribution of seismic forces throughout its components. Unsymmetrical buildings result in highly indeterminate distribution of forces making the analysis and prediction more complicated. L-shaped buildings are among those unsymmetrical structures which are most commonly found in practice in the form of school, office, commercial buildings. In this work three dimensional models of L-shaped buildings are investigated for their seismic performance, varying bay length and storey height. These models were analysed for three conditions viz with gap, with seismic joint and with neither of these. The modeling of structures analysis is carried out using STAAD Pro V8i, also the performance is analysed providing brick infill and compared with, without infill condition. Performances is measured in terms of displacements, axial forces, bending moments, shear forces and compared for those conditions mentioned in the identified column viz., corner, intermediate and interior
Oscillatory Behaviors of Second Order Forced Functional Differential Equation.IOSR Journals
Oscillatory behaviors of second order forced functional differential equation is considered. The
oscillation of this equation is shown to be maintained under the effect of certain forcing terms, and the
oscillatory equation can serve as mathematical tool for simulation of processes and phenomina observed in
control theory.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Energy Efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Surveyijsrd.com
The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is anticipated to bring lot of changes in data gathering, processing and dissemination for different environments and applications. However, a WSN is a power constrained system, since nodes run on limited power batteries which shorten its lifespan. Prolonging the network lifetime depends on efficient management of sensing node energy resource. Energy consumption is therefore one of the most crucial design issues in WSN. Hierarchical routing protocols are best known in regard to energy efficiency. By using a clustering technique hierarchical routing protocols greatly minimize energy consumed in collecting and disseminating data. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. In this paper, we have discussed various energy efficient data aggregation protocols for sensor networks.
Throughput analysis of energy aware routing protocol for real time load distr...eSAT Journals
Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSNs) are self-organized systems that depend on highly distributed and scattered low cost tiny devices. These devices have some limitations such as processing capability, memory size, communication distance coverage and energy capabilities. In order to maximize the autonomy of individual nodes and indirectly the lifetime of the network, most of the research work is done on power saving techniques. Hence, we propose energy-aware load distribution technique that can provide an excellent data transfer of packets from source to destination via hop by hop basis. Therefore, by making use of the cross-layer interactions between the physical layer and the network layer thus leads to an improvement in energy efficiency of the entire network when compared with other protocols and it also improves the response time in case of network change. Keywords:- wireless sensor network, energy-aware, load distribution, power saving, cross layer interactions.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This paper considers a heterogeneous network of energy constrained sensors deployed over a region. Each
Normal sensor node in a network is systematically gathering and transmitting sensed data to the clusterhead,
and then cluster head sending data to a base station (via intermediate cluster- heads). This paper
focuses on reducing the energy consumption and hence improving lifetime of wireless sensor Networks.
Clustering sensor node is an effective topology for the energy constrained networks. So energy saving
algorithm has been developed in which clusters are formed considering a subset of high energy nodes as a
cluster-head and another subset of powerful nodes is ask to go to sleep. When Cluster heads deplete their
energy another subset of nodes becomes active and acts as a cluster head. Proposed approach is
implemented in MATLAB, Simulation results shows that it can prolong the network lifetime than LEACH
protocol, and achieves better performance than the existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH.
Clustering provides an effective method for
extending the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current
clustering methods selecting cluster heads with more residual
energy, and rotating cluster heads periodically to distribute the
energy consumption among nodes in each cluster. However,
they rarely consider the hot spot problem in multi hop sensor
networks. When cluster heads forward their data to the base
station, the cluster heads closer to the base station are heavily
burdened with traffic and tend to die much faster. To mitigate
the hot spot problem, we propose a Novel Energy Efficient
Unequal Clustering Routing (NEEUC) protocol. It uses residual
energy and groupsthe nodesinto clusters of unequal layers
INCREASING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS LIFETIME WITH NEW METHODijwmn
One of the most important issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is severe energy restrictions. As the
performance of Sensor Networks is strongly dependence to the network lifetime, researchers seek a way to
use node energy supply effectively and increasing network lifetime. As a consequence, it is crucial to use
routing algorithms result in decrease energy consumption and better bandwidth utilization. The purpose of
this paper is to increase Wireless Sensor Networks lifetime using LEACH-algorithm. So before clustering
Network environment, it is divided into two virtual layers (using distance between sensor nodes and base
station) and then regarding to sensors position in each of two layers, residual energy of sensor and
distance from base station is used in clustering. In this article, we compare proposed algorithm with wellknown LEACH and ELEACH algorithms in homogenous environment (with equal energy for all sensors)
and heterogeneous one (energy of half of sensors get doubled), also for static and dynamic situation of base
station. Results show that our proposed algorithm delivers improved performance.
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
A wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes, that have beengiven out in a
specific zoneandeach of them hadanability of collecting information from the environment and
sending collected data to the sink. The most significant issues in wireless sensor networks,
despite the recent progress is the trouble of the severe limitations of energy resources.Since that
in different applications of sensor nets, we could throw a static or mobile sink, then all aspects of
such networks should be planned with an awareness of energy.One of the most significant topics
related to these networks, is routing. One of the most widely used and efficient methods of
routing isa hierarchy (based on clustering) method.
CUTTING DOWN ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS USING DUTY CYCLE TECHNI...ijwmn
A wireless sensor network is composed of many sensor nodes, that have beengiven out in a
specific zoneandeach of them hadanability of collecting information from the environment and
sending collected data to the sink. The most significant issues in wireless sensor networks,
despite the recent progress is the trouble of the severe limitations of energy resources.Since that
in different applications of sensor nets, we could throw a static or mobile sink, then all aspects of
such networks should be planned with an awareness of energy.One of the most significant topics
related to these networks, is routing. One of the most widely used and efficient methods of
routing isa hierarchy (based on clustering) method.
In The present study with the objective of cutting down energy consumption and persistence of
network coverage, we have offered a novel algorithm based on clustering algorithms and multihop routing.To achieve this goal, first, we layer the network environment based on the size of the
network.We will identify the optimal number of cluster heads and every cluster head based on
the mechanism of topology control will start to accept members.Likewise, we set the first layer
as gate layer and subsequently identifying the gate’s nodes, we’d turn away half of the sensors
and then stop using energy and the remaining nodes in this layer will join the gate’s nodes
because they hold a critical part in bettering the functioning of the system. Cluster heads off
following layers send the information to cluster heads in the above layer until sent data will be
sent to gate’s nodes and finally will be sent to sink. We have tested the proposed algorithm in
two situations 1) when the sink is off and 2)when a sink is on and simulation data shows that
proposed algorithm has better performance in terms of the life span of a network than LEACH
and ELEACH protocols.
Data Collection Method to Improve Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor NetworkKhushbooGupta145
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are generally self-organized wireless ad hoc networks which incorporate a huge number of sensor nodes which are resource constraint. Among the tasks of WSN, one most essential task is to collect the data
and transmits the gathered data to a distant base station (BS). The effectiveness of WSNs can be calculated in terms of network lifetime. Data collection is a frequent operation but analytical and critical operation in many WSN’s
application. To prolong network lifetime innovative technique that can improve
energy efficiency are highly required. This paper presents a survey for
designing Energy Efficient Data Collection Methods used for prolonging network lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The study highlights the importance of different Data conditions for various purposes like emergency response, medical monitoring, military applications, surveillance in volcanic or
remote regions, etc. Different Data Collection methods like data aggregation clusters, data aggregation trees, network coding, correlation dominating set etc. are considered in detail in this study. Furthermore, a comparison of different Data Collection Method based on the network lifetime, energy efficiency,
complexity of the algorithm, transmission cost and fusion cost is done.
Wireless sensor network consists of several distributed sensor nodes. It is used for several environmental applications, military applications and health related applications. To prolong the lifetime of the sensor nodes, designing efficient routing protocols is critical. Most of the research in energy efficient data gathering in data centric applications of wireless sensor networks is motivated by LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) scheme. It allows the rotation of cluster head role among the sensor nodes and tries to distribute the energy consumption over the network. Selection of sensor node for such role rotations greatly affects the energy efficiency of the network. Some of the routing protocol has a drawback that the cluster is not evenly distributed due to its randomized rotation of local cluster head. We have surveyed several existing methods for selecting energy efficient cluster head in wireless sensor networks. We have proposed an energy efficient cluster head selection method in which the cluster head selection and replacement cost is reduced and ultimately the network lifetime is increased. Using our proposed method, network life time is increased compared to existing methods. Keywords: WSN, CH, BS, LEACH, LEACH-B, LEACH-F
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Energy Efficient Data Mining in Multi-Feature Sensor Networks Using Improved Leach Communication Protocol
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE)
ISSN: 2278-0661 Volume 3, Issue 3 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 08-11
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page
Energy Efficient Data Mining in Multi-Feature Sensor Networks
Using Improved Leach Communication Protocol
Shivanna K1
, Shalini Kumari H A2
1,2
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shridevi Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Tumkur,
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with large number of sensor nodes are used to monitor the sensing
filed. Sensor node energy efficiency and sensor network data-transfer reliability are the primary design
parameters. Some applications may require heterogeneous sensor nodes with different sensed phenomena and
different hardware characteristics. This heterogeneity imposes an added constraint to the mining of useful
information from the network. At the same time, a stream of data that is frequently reported from each node to
the base station or sink may be needed. In this paper we are considering multi-feature sensor network where the
sensors are having ability to measure more than one phenomenon. Our focus is on developing a new clustering
algorithm that handles the concept of multi-feature sensor networks.
Sensor nodes in WSN are based on energy, minimizing energy consumption is an important issue in
WSN. Data mining in such multi-feature sensor network is also another important issue. As the existing LEACH
protocol, the protocol used for clustering, is having drawbacks with respect to energy consumption. We are
building new improved or modified LEACH communication protocol that consumes less energy compared with
the existing one.
Index terms: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Data mining, LEACH, HEED, TDMA, Multi-feature,
Hierarchical Clustering.
I. Introduction
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of sensor nodes that co-operatively
monitor a specific region of interest. Typically, a sensor node is a small hardware device consisting of a
processing unit, a sensing unit, a communication unit and a power unit that is used for sensing, data processing
and communication purposes. These nodes collectively gather sensed information and forward it to the special
node called base station which acts as interface between the sensor nodes and users. The uniqueness of a sensor
node lies in its small size and light weight. However, there are a lot of constraints such as limits on resources in
terms of energy, memory, computational speed, band width and so on [1][2].
Because of these constraints the interactions between sensors are limited to short distances and low
data rates. These sensors are used in wide range of applications and real time applications such as nuclear power
plants, habitat monitoring, military applications, security purpose etc [3].
Sensors gather useful information in a timely manner and send it to a centralized node named sink. The
sink node is also known as base station and is responsible for further processing such as node query. Due to the
large number of sensor nodes and the voluminous data that should be reported, data communication should be
done in energy efficient manner. Centralized solutions for data collection are not recommended. Obvious
drawbacks of this type of solutions include hindering the network since the base station becomes a bottleneck,
the bandwidth allocated is not efficiently used and all sensor nodes consume a lot of scarce and valuable power
to communicate with the base station. Hence, the optimum solution becomes a distributed data collection
algorithm, where data mining techniques such as clustering are applied to the sensor nodes. When there are large
number of sensors in the sensing field, sensors will be clustered to reduce the data redundancy. The cluster head
will take care of this work.
Clustering of sensor nodes is considered as one of the very successful techniques of mining useful
information from a distributed environment. It is a particularly useful technique especially for applications that
require scalability to hundreds and thousands of nodes. Clustering also supports aggregation of data in order to
summarize the overall transmitted data. However, the current literatures either focus on node or data clustering
alone. Clustering of sensor nodes deals with two main operations: 1) identifying cluster heads, and 2) assigning
nodes to respective cluster heads. These two operations should be done at a very energy-efficient level.
On the other hand, data clustering deals with collecting the similar data for aggregation purposes. The
process of choosing the cluster head should take into consideration node design factors such as energy level of
the sensor node and load balancing as well as their similarity in terms of the sensed data. A successful clustering
algorithm is the one that produces an optimal amount of clusters, with each having a single cluster head
responsible for inter and intra-cluster communication.
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This paper focuses on the problem of minimizing the energy consumption of sensor nodes during
cluster formation and aggregating sensed data of the sensor nodes of the cluster. Minimization of energy can be
achieved by using improved or modified LEACH communication protocol. Where the previous work uses
LAECH protocol to form the clusters and to aggregate the sensed data of the sensor nodes of the cluster, but it is
having a drawback in consuming energy of the sensor.
This improved LEACH protocol is used in data mining in multi-feature sensor networks where it is
having ability to sense multiple phenomenons.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews related work. Section 3 gives working
of the LEACH protocol. Section 4 gives proposed protocol or improved LEACH protocol. Conclusions and
future research topics are drawn in Section 4.
II. Related Work
The work [1], [2], [14] gives the working of the sensor nodes. The work in [4] gives routing paths
estimation in WSN. Handling sensors data becomes more irritating when heterogeneous nodes with more than a
sensed feature is considered. Heterogeneous sensor networks may contain two or more different types of sensor
nodes. These nodes differ in many hardware characteristics, such as communication ranges and battery sources,
as well as sensing capabilities. Opposite to the traditional homogeneous networks, heterogeneity adds a new
constraint to the data collection process especially when multiple features are reported by a sensor node. The
problem of clustering data is a well studied problem in the literature. It has been used for very large databases
[5]. Another main use of clustering protocols has been investigated for ad-hoc networks such as in [6] and [7].
Sensor networks clustering algorithms have been proposed by several researches as well where the idea of
organizing a WSN into clusters is studied in [8] and [9]. For instance, in [9], the authors use LEACH (Low-
Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) as a randomized technique to rotate between cluster heads in order to
preserve energy and distribute the load evenly across the nodes in the network. A more adaptive approach is
used in HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering) [10], where the cluster head formation is
dependent on the energy level of the sensor node. In case of HEED, the authors argue that the algorithm yield
more distributed clusters and is efficient in terms of processing.
Little attention has been given to clustering of sensor nodes according to data readings. For instance,
Taherkordi et al. in [11] propose multi-dimensional clustering algorithm, in which nodes are clustered according
to their sensed attributes. On the other hand, the Distributed, Hierarchical Clustering and Summarization
algorithm (DHCS) proposed in [12] provide a better solution for dense networks. The algorithm adopts several
techniques, such as difference and hop count thresholds to model node and distance-based clustering.
A very simple node clustering algorithm is presented in [7] named Local Negotiated Clustering
Algorithm (LNCA). The algorithm clusters sensor nodes primarily on data similarity. A common drawback in
all of the current clustering algorithms is that they consider a sensor node with a single reporting feature. This
might lead to inefficient clustering in terms of sensors consumed energy as well as the sensors reporting
reliability. In addition, up to our knowledge, there is no standardized data mining framework that simplifies the
data mining process in sensor networks.
The work in [13] proposes a global sensor network framework, sensor network model and the authors
suggested different algorithms that can be used in each layer. But this framework is having a drawback in
energy consumption of the sensor nodes and in cluster head selection while forming the clusters. In this paper to
overcome this drawback we are proposing a Multi-Feature Improved Leach Based Clustering (MFILBC)
method.
III. Leach Protocol
Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is the first hierarchical cluster-based routing
protocol for wireless sensor network which partitions the nodes into clusters, in each cluster a dedicated node
with extra privileges called Cluster Head (CH) is responsible for creating and manipulating a TDMA (Time
Division Multiple Access) schedule and sending aggregated data from nodes to the BS where these data is
needed using CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Remaining nodes are cluster members.
This protocol is divided into two rounds; each round consists of two phases:
A. Set-up Phase
Each node decides independent of other nodes if it will become a CH or not. This decision takes into
account when the node served as a CH for the last time (the node that hasn't been a CH for long time is more
likely to elect itself than nodes that have been a CH recently).
In the following advertisement phase, the CHs inform their neighborhood with an advertisement packet
that they become CHs. Non-CH nodes pick the advertisement packet with the strongest received signal strength.
In the next cluster setup phase, the member nodes inform the CH that they become a member to that cluster with
"join packet" contains their IDs using CSMA. After the cluster-setup sub phase, the CH knows the number of
3. Energy Efficient Data Mining in Multi-Feature Sensor Networks Using Improved Leach
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member nodes and their IDs. Based on all messages received within the cluster, the CH creates a TDMA
schedule, pick a CSMA code randomly, and broadcast the TDMA table to cluster members. After that steady-
state phase begins
.
B. Steady-state phase
Data transmission begins, Nodes send their data during their allocated TDMA slot to the CH. This
transmission uses a minimal amount of energy (chosen based on the received strength of the CH advertisement).
The radio of each non-CH node can be turned off until the nodes allocated TDMA slot, thus minimizing energy
dissipation in these nodes.
Figure 2: LEACH Protocol Architecture.
When all data has been received, the CH aggregates these data and sends it to the BS. LEACH is able
to perform local aggregation of data in each cluster to reduce the amount of data that transmitted to the base
station.
Although LEACH protocol acts in a good manner, it suffers from many drawbacks such like;
CH selection is randomly, that does not take into account energy consumption.
It can't cover a large area.
CHs are not uniformly distributed; where CHs can be located at the edges of the cluster.
IV. Proposed Method And Protocol
There are two types of sensor networks which are single and multi-feature sensor networks. A single
feature sensor network is a network with each sensor node reports only one feature. A multi-feature sensor
network is a network with nodes report more than one feature. Further, the network could be classified into
homogenous and heterogeneous sensor networks. In homogenous sensor networks, nodes are typical in every
aspect. However, in heterogeneous sensor networks, sensors differ in their characteristics such as initial energy,
sensing range, and communication ranges. In this paper, we are interested in multi-feature heterogeneous sensor
networks. Therefore, we introduce MFILC as a new clustering algorithm that fits the purpose of multi-feature
sensor networks. MFILC adapts improved LEACH clustering technique to support the multi feature sensor
networks. To overcome the drawbacks of the LEACH method we are using improved LEACH clustering
technique. We extend the LEACH protocol to multi-hop clustering in a multi-feature environment as well.
In our new version of LEACH protocol or Improved LEACH, the cluster contains, CH (responsible
only for sending data that is received from the cluster members to the BS), sub-CH (the node that will become a
CH of the cluster in case of CH dies), cluster nodes (gathering data from environment and send it to the CH), as
shown in figure 3.
In the original leach, the CH is always on receiving data from cluster members, aggregate these data
and then send it to the BS that might be located far away from it. The CH will die earlier than the other nodes in
the cluster because of its operation of receiving, sending and overhearing. When the CH die, the cluster will
become useless because the data gathered by cluster nodes will never reach the base station.
In our protocol, besides having a CH in the cluster, there is a sub-CH that takes the role of the CH when the CH
dies because the reasons we mentioned above.
Figure 3: LEACH-sub-CH Protocol Architecture.
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V. Conclusion
Data mining, clustering and data aggregation in clustered multi feature sensor network is very
important and difficult task. To overcome the drawbacks of the LEACH protocol, this paper proposes an
improved version of the well known protocol for wireless sensor networks called LEACH protocol which is the
first and the most important protocol in wireless sensor network which uses cluster based broadcasting
technique. This improved or a new version of LEACH protocol called as Improved LEACH or LEACH-sub-CH
protocol. Using this protocol we are building a method called MFILC, which is used to cluster the sensor nodes
in the network.
Therefore, the new version of LEACH outperforms the original version of LEACH protocol. As
another improvement, the cluster heads could form a multi-hop backbone whereby data are transmitted among
cluster heads until they reach the BS. Alternatively, LEACH can evolve into a hierarchical protocol by forming
“super-clusters” out of the cluster head nodes and having a “super-cluster head” that processes the data from
all the cluster head nodes in the super cluster. These changes will make LEACH suitable for a wider range of
wireless sensor networks.
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