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B cell differentiation
- 2. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells biology There still much remains to be understood about B cell biology in order to determine the timing, duration, and context of optimal therapeutic response to B cell-targeted approaches. B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are primarily generated from hematopoietic stem cells which play a central role in the immune- pathogenesis of glomerulonephritides and transplant rejection.
- 3. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells function B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis by providing costimulation and cytokines to T cells. B cells also play an immunomodulatory role in regulating the immune response by secreting cytokines that inhibit disease onset and progression. B cells can secrete antibodies through multiple mechanisms and their antibodies are the central elements of humoral immunity which against an almost unlimited variety of pathogens. The antigen-recognition molecules of B cells are the immunoglobulins (Ig). These proteins are produced by B cells in a vast range of antigen specificities, each B cell producing immunoglobulin of a single specificity.
- 4. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells development In the earliest B cell lineage, committed precursors ( ) Ig genes exist in a germline configuration. Early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) is one of the key transcription factors required for orchestrating B cell lineage development. During the differentiation of pro-B cells into cells, a rearrangement in the heavy chain locus begins in early pro-B cells. This which typically occurs at both alleles of the heavy-chain locus, at which point the cell becomes a late pro-B cell. And then a successful rearrangement means the cell progresses to become a pre-B cell. Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Bone Marrow(BM) pro-B cells pre-B
- 5. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells development Immature B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Bone Marrow(BM) Mature B cell CD19+ CD10- CD34- IgM++ The chance of generating pre-B cell is less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm. Next the pre-B cells become , and then develop to . immature B cells mature B cells
- 6. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells differentiation Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Immature B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- Bone Marrow(BM) Mature B cell CD19+ CD10- CD34- IgM++ Igα, Igβ exit the bone marrow and enter the blood to complete their maturation program in secondary lymphoid tissues, preferentially in the . Transitional cells then finalize their maturation process and give rise to . T2 CD21 T1 CD21 Transitional B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34++ CD24++ Spleen Naive Mature B cell Immature B cells spleen naive mature B cells
- 7. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells differentiation Immature B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Bone Marrow(BM) Mature B cell CD19+ CD10- CD34- IgM++ Igα, Igβ T1 CD21 T2 CD21 Transitional B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34++ CD24++ Spleen Naive Mature B cell Marginal Zone B cell CD19+ CD23+- CD21++ Follicular B Cell CD19+ CD23+- CD21-/+ Once the immature B cells leave the bone marrow for the periphery and undergo the aforementioned transitional stages, they develop either into or into . marginal zone B cells follicular B cells
- 8. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells differentiation Immature B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Bone Marrow(BM) Mature B cell CD19+ CD10- CD34- IgM++ Igα, Igβ The purpose of the germinal center reaction is to enhance the later part of the primary immune response. Some differentiate first into and then into . Transitional B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34++ CD24++ T1 CD21 T2 CD21 Spleen Naive Mature B cell Marginal Zone B cell Follicular B Cell Antibodies Plasmablast Plasma cell Germinal CenterPre-GC B cell germinal center cells plasmablasts plasma cells
- 9. www.creative-diagnostics.com B cells differentiation Immature B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- Pro-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34+ IgM- Pre-B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34- IgM- EBF1 Bone Marrow(BM) Mature B cell CD19+ CD10- CD34- IgM++ Igα, Igβ Other differentiate into . Memory B cells are long-lived descendants of cells that were once stimulated by antigen and had proliferated in the . These cells divide very slowly if at all, and they express surface immunoglobulin, but do not secrete antibody at a high rate. Marginal Zone B cell Follicular B Cell Germinal Center Transitional B cell CD19+ CD10+ CD34++ CD24++ T1 CD21 T2 CD21 Spleen Naive Mature B cell Antibodies Plasmablast Plasma cell Memory B cell Switched Unswitched Pre-GC B cell germinal center cells memory B cells germinal center
- 10. www.creative-diagnostics.com Plasma cells • The differentiation of a B cell into a plasma cell is accompanied by many morphological changes that reflect its commitment to the production of large amounts of secreted antibody. Plasma cells have abundant cytoplasm dominated by multiple layers of rough endoplasmic reticulum. These plasma cells will migrate to the bone marrow, where a subset of them will live for a long period of time. Plasma cells obtain signals from bone marrow stromal cells that are essential for their survival. These plasma cells provide a source of long-lasting high- affinity antibody.
- 11. www.creative-diagnostics.com Diseases of B cell differentiation B cells contribute to disease pathogenesis in autoimmunity and alloimmunity by presenting antigens as well as providing costimulation and cytokines to T cells.
- 12. www.creative-diagnostics.com • Please contact us for more information. • Email us at info@creative-diagnostics.com • Website http://www.creative-diagnostics.com/ • For a quotation or if any questions! We are professional biotech company, specializing in providing clients comprehensive products related to B cell differentiation.
Editor's Notes
- A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- A rough estimate of the chance of generating a pre-B cell is thus something less than 55%. Once these rearrangements are successfully completed, transcription begins and a mature mRNA encoding the μ heavy chain is produced, which accumulates in the cytoplasm.
- These plasma cells will migrate to the bone marrow, where a subset of them will live for a long period of time. Plasma cells obtain signals from bone marrow stromal cells that are essential for their survival. These plasma cells provide a source of long-lasting high-affinity antibody.
- Vertebrates inevitably die of infection if they are unable to make antibodies. Antibodies defend us against infection by binding to viruses and microbial toxins, thereby inactivating them. The binding of antibodies to invading pathogens also recruits various types of white blood cells and a system of blood proteins collectively called complement. The white blood cells and activated complement components work together to attack the invaders.