This slide is all about the hematopoeitic stem cells its two types myeloid and lymphoid. The different types of myleoid and lymphoid cells are explained in details. All details about different White Blood Cells and their function. B cell, T cell and Natural Killer cell and their function.
History
Introduction
Classification of grafts
The Immunology of Allogeneic Transplantation
Genetics of graft rejection
Types of rejection
Recognition of Alloantigens
Effector Mechanisms of Allograft Rejection
Prevention of graft rejection
Graft versus host reaction
ANTIGEN, HAPTEN, ALL TYPES OF ANTIGENS, IMMUNOGEN , ATTRIBUTES OF ANTIGENICITY, DETERMINANTS OF ANTIGENICITY,
IMMUNOLOGY KUBY, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY OF PANIKER , LIPPINCOTT'S IMMUNOLOGY, OTHER SOURCES.
History
Introduction
Classification of grafts
The Immunology of Allogeneic Transplantation
Genetics of graft rejection
Types of rejection
Recognition of Alloantigens
Effector Mechanisms of Allograft Rejection
Prevention of graft rejection
Graft versus host reaction
ANTIGEN, HAPTEN, ALL TYPES OF ANTIGENS, IMMUNOGEN , ATTRIBUTES OF ANTIGENICITY, DETERMINANTS OF ANTIGENICITY,
IMMUNOLOGY KUBY, MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY OF PANIKER , LIPPINCOTT'S IMMUNOLOGY, OTHER SOURCES.
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS-Humoral immunity
-Cellular Immunity- Failure of Host Defenses
- Evasion of Immune Responses by Tumors
- Cancer Immunosurveillance vs Immunoediting- Immunotherapy
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TUMORS-Humoral immunity
-Cellular Immunity- Failure of Host Defenses
- Evasion of Immune Responses by Tumors
- Cancer Immunosurveillance vs Immunoediting- Immunotherapy
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Difference between humoral and cell mediated immunity Dr. ihsan edan abdulkar...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Histology of group of immune cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Definition
Hematopoietic stem cells are the cells
that give rise to myeloid and
lymphoid cells from the bone marrow
and peripheral tissue respectively.
It can become a Common Myeloid-
Erythroid Progenitor (CMP) which
give rise to all re blood cells;
granulocytes, monocytes and
macrophages or it can become a
common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP)
which give rise to B Lymphocytes and
natural killer cells.
4. Granulocytes
These are the front lines of attack during an immune
response. These are white blood cells that are classified as
neutrophils, basophils, mast cells and eosinophils. These
have multilobes nuclei. The granules are released in
response to the contact with the pathogens.
They damage the pathogens directly
They regulate trafficking and activity of other WBC
including Lymphocytes.
Granulocytes are divided into
1. Neutrophils
2. Basophils
3. Mast cells
4. eosinophils
5. Neutrophils
Neutrophils are recruited to the site of infection in
response to the inflammatory molecules generated
by innate cells.
Neutrophils phagocyte bacteria and also secrete a
range of proteins that have antimicrobial effects.
They are the first responders to infection and main
cellular components of Pus where they accumulate
and die.
Depending on the infection the circulating
neutrophils increase.
6. Basophils
They are non phagocytotic
granulocytes that contain large
granules filled with basophilic proteins.
In response to binding of circulating
antibodies basophils release the
contents of their granules.
They also secrete cytokines that
modulate the adaptive immune
response.
7. Mast cells
They have a large number of
cytoplasmic granules that
contain histamine and other
pharmacological active
substances.
Mast cells play an important role
in development of allergies.
8. Eosinophils
They play an important role
in defense against
multicellular parasitic
organisms
They cluster around invading
worms and damage the
membranes by the activity of
proteins released from the
eosinophilic granules.
It may also secrete cytokines
that regulate B and T
lymphocytes.
9. Myeloid Antigen presenting cells
Myeloid APCs are considered as cellular bridges between the innate and adaptive
immune system as they make contact with the pathogen at the site of infection
and communicate this encounter to T lymphocytes in lymph nodes.
APC secretes proteins that activates other immune cells.
They are divided into
1. Monocytes
2. macrophages
3. Dendritic cells
10. Monocytes
During the hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
granulocytes – monocytes progenitor cells differentiate
into promonocytes which when enter blood
differentiates into mature monocytes.
Inflammatory monocytes- they enter the tissue quickly
in response to infection.
Patrolling monocytes- they crawl slowly along blood
vessels, provide a reservoir for tissue resident
monocytes in absence of infection.
11. Macrophages
They play an important role in regulating their repair and regeneration.
They are effective in phagocytosis and also are antigen presenting cells
that activates T lymphocytes
12. Dendritic cells
Initiate immune response and capture
antigen in one location, present it in
another.
They capture the antigen migrate to
lymph nodes then present the antigen to
the T cells initiating the adaptive
immune response.
13. Erythroid cells
They contain high concentration of Hemoglobin and circulate through
blood vessels and capillaries delivering oxygen to the surrounding cells
and tissues.
14. Megakaryocytes
Large myeloid cells
that reside in the bone
marrow and give rise
to platelets which
circulate in the blood
and form blood clots.
15. B lymphocytes
B cells are generated in bone marrow and they mature in spleen
B cell receptor, a membrane bound immunoglobin ,molecule that binds to
antigen. Each B cell expresses a surface antibody with unique specificity.
Activated B cells differentiate into effector cells known as plasma cells.
Plasma cells lose expression of surface immunoglobulin and become
highly specialized for secretion of antibodies.
16. T cells
T cells are generated in Bone marrow and become mature in thymus.
T cells expresses a unique antigen – binding receptor called as T cell receptor.
the T cell receptors only recognize processed pieces of antigen bound to the
cell membrane protein called major histocompatibility complex molecules
(MHC).
Once a T cell is activated it differentiates into
1. Cytotoxic T cells
2. Helper T cells
3. Memory T cells
4. Suppressor T cells
17. Natural killer cells
They are efficient cell killers and attack a
variety of abnormal cells including tumor
cells and some cells that are infected with
virus.
They distinguish between cells that should
be killed and normal cells by recognizing
the absence of MHC Class 1 which is
expressed by normal cells.
Once the antibodies bring the NK cells in
contact with the target cells, they release
their granules and induces cell death.
