1. The document discusses safety practices and procedures used in aviation to reduce accidents, including following eight elements of an effective safety program like management leadership, employee involvement, and training. 2. It also discusses several aviation organizations like ALPA and FSF that work to address safety issues from collecting data to solving problems. 3. The document provides an overview of key aviation safety laws and regulations passed over time to improve safety, from the Airmail Act of 1925 to the establishment of the NTSB in 1958.

1. By Carrie PfisterAviation Safety

2. Safety PracticesAsses safety practices and procedures used in aircraft, ground ops, to reduce accidents and injuries by..Following the 8 elements a safety program1. Management provides strong perceivable leadership for a safety program to be successful. Management Attitude is important because it will be reflected to the supervisors which in turn reflects the employees.2. Employee Involvement helps improve safety and health by involving the employees with heir input and contributions.3. Responsibility is a sign to all levels by management making everyone in the organization accountable . Having a designated safety officer that reports to the highest levels.4. Risk Assessment is important in identifying hazards by severity to control or eliminate in the workplace. Obtaining information, safety data and safety violations helps with identifying hazards and using a recording and reporting parameters with various agencies.5. Accident Investigation system is an important part of a safety program, it helps organizations in preventing future accidents. 6. Hazard Prevention safety programs has to meet the requirements of three agencies, FAA, OSHA, and EPA.7. Communications for the risk assessment process is important and necessary information for the reduction of risk to the safety user.8. Training is important for employees to understand safety issues and hazards in their work area.

3. ALPA and FSFAirline . Pilot . Association enables pilots and crew members to report safety problems. The association deals with safety problems from three perspectives (Pyramid). The Flight . Safety . FoundationWas developed to promote safety and solve safety problems. The FSF has over 800 member organizations for more than over 70 countries which is a collection of data and feedback to alleviate safety issues, world wide.

4. Safety Laws and Regulations1925Congress enacted the airmail act. Early requirements improved airmail carrier safety.1930’sIndustry expansion required continuous improvements, budget constraints, prevented quality inspections which led to a more than doubled fatality rate passing the civil aeronautics act of 1938. The beginning of the economic regulation.1926-1927Pilots were now required to have solo flight experience. The a\c manufacturers required to comply with minimum engineering standards.1958 The federal aviation act was passed because of the jet aircraft collision over the grand canyon.1966The NTSB was established to determine and report cause of transportation accidents and conduct studies for safety and accident prevention.

5. Human ErrorTypes of human errors that effect fatality rates and what is being done to reduce human error.Physical factors could be age, motor skills, visibility, hearing, and strength.

6. Physiologicalis low blood sugar, disability, disease, human conditions like medication, drugs, alcohol, stress, and fatigue.

7. Psychological is mental emotion personality types, and personality traits like complacency, memory, perception, and attitude.

8. Psychosocial is mental or emotional problems due to a death in the family, financial problems, death in the family, mood swings, stress due to family relations, peer pressure, and ego.

9. Hardware factors is wear humans interact with the machine.