Running Head SAFETY IN AVIATION .docx

Running Head: SAFETY IN AVIATION
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SAFETY IN AVIATION
1
Safety in Aviation
Meshari Al-Shahin
Dr. Jennifer Nader
ERAU

Meshari Al-Shahin
1420 New Bellevue Ave
Daytona Beach, Fl 32114
Nov 6, 2018
Daniel Elwell
FAA
800 Independence Ave SW
Washington, DC 20591
Re: Safety in Aviation Submittal 1420 new Bellevue
Dear Mr. Elwell,
Enclosed is my aviation submission for safety in aviation at
Embry Riddle Aeronautical University. My project was on
aviation safety and from the word go relied on quantitative
studies. The PDF packet includes 9 pages and breaks down as
follows:
1. The letter of transmittal: pg.2
2. Abstract: pg.3
3. Analytical paragraph: pg.5
4. Introduction and Background: pg.6
5. Recommendation: pg.9
6. Conclusion: pg.10
7. References: pg.11
Considering the nature of report, it is limited in scope to
different structure and platforms; we expect some challenges in
the completion of research topic due to the time factor. I fully
expect a further research and analysis of data applying
statistical tools. On top of that, the project calls for analysis and
recommendation of the research. The memorandum is attached
to show the job allocation and scheduling thus I would require

more time as I shall rely upon qualitative and quantitative tools
of research. Therefore, I would request for a special
consideration of all my sections of the project.
I would like to go ahead with my project on safety in aviation.
Kindly pay a close attention to the progressive report of the
work done and offer any green light for the completion of the
project. Your guidance would be appreciated to the latter.
Moreover, let me know if you experience any difficulties with
my files or anything that seems to be not in order. You can
contact me anytime via email at [email protected].
Thanks for your concern in advance,
Meshari Al-Shahin
Meshari Al-Shahin
Abstract
This paper summarized various measures taken for safety
in aviation and considered the various responsibilities assigned
to different people to ensure that there is a safe flying
environment. The paper tries to provide solutions to the aviation
industry that are effective for the aviation industry and useful to
the employees in the industry, as well as travellers and used a
problem-solution analysis. The report was designed to offer
viable solutions to the problems that have arisen due to the
expansion of air transport. An in-depth analysis of the issues
surrounding the aviation management systems as well as the
individual contribution to the general operations is highly
scrutinized. Weather and climatic conditions were included as
part of this study as it has been linked a large number of deaths
because of poor insight, which thus have led to accidents. The
recommendations include that it is advisable for pilots to
consider climatic advisory and pay attention to weather reports
or any safety announcement before and during flight check

procedures to ensure that safety is guaranteed for everyone on
board. Moreover, the recommendations are based on the
available factual evidence on the issues surrounding the
aviation industry in general and are meant to help in building a
succinct foundation for further future research.
(Key words: safety, aviation, flying environment, solutions,
employees, air transport, travellers)
Safety in Aviation
Table of Contents
Abstract 3
Analytical paragraph 5
Introduction and Background 8
Rhetorical situation 8
Context 8
Method of inquiry 9
Literature Review 10
Analysis of the problem 11
Recommendation 13
Conclusion 15
References 16

Analytical paragraph
In the contemporary world, expansion in air transport
remains inevitable thus relative safety remains a matter of
concern. The expansion in the air transport has called for safety
relative measures and techniques have been developed to ensure
safety of people. “This has led to the setting of ambitious new
safety targets for air transport, whose attainment will require
improved knowledge of causes of accidents and better
understanding of the effects of new technologies and
procedures.” (de GRAAFF, (2001). The expansion of the air
transport has led to the setting of better techniques of safety to
make sure that the safety of the people is guaranteed. The safety
measures would make sure that the relevant people are aware of
the effects that are associated with new technologies. This
would help in understanding the new technologies and
techniques embarked to ensure security of the people. Paying a
close attention to the total number of accidents since 1970s, the
curve has flattened. “Accident records show a flattening of the
safety curve since the early Seventies: instead of new kinds of
accident, similar safety deficiencies have become recurrent
features in accident reports. This suggests the need to review
traditional accident prevention strategies, focused almost
exclusively on the action or inactions of front-line operational
personnel” (Maurino et al., 2017).

Instead of doing away with the causes of the accidents to
prevent the occurrence of accidents, unfortunately the accidents
are recurring. There is the need to revisit the old deficiencies in
the air transport to address the issue of safety. In case of safety
measures, it is essential for an organization to consider variety
of factors. “The organizations involved cover the entire range of
aviation organizations, from airline operations departments to
airports, manufacturing organizations, air traffic control, and
corporate flight departments. Organizational factors include
such things as organizational structure, management, corporate
culture, training, and recruitment” (Westrum & Adamski, 2017).
The entire sections of the aviation organization must be put
under scrutiny to make sure that safety it guaranteed. In order to
promote safety, there is need to embark on programs aimed at
making sure that all relevant people are aware. Aviation
organizations have tried level best to ensure security is
guaranteed to consumers and members of the public domain.
“Thanks to the increasing availability of consumer head-
mounted displays, educational applications of immersive VR
could now reach to the public, especially if they include gaming
elements (immersive serious games). Safety education of
citizens could be a particularly promising domain for immersive
serious games, because people tend not to pay attention to and
benefit from current safety materials” (Chittaro & Buttussi,
2015).
Safety in air transport must also ensure that the consumers
and members of public are safe. It is good for the organization
to make sure that it operates ethically and responsible to all the
parties. The dangers exposed to passengers sometimes are
caused by the state of environment. “Environmental factors
induce rough flight, causes severe discomfort, even injury to the
passengers, influence the reputation and economy of the
country. These factors create difficulty for pilots to take
decision. These factors increase the probability of other factors
to come into play and increase the probability of accident to
occur which leads to occurrence of a severe flight failure”

(Kushwaha and Sharma, 2014). In the current world, climatic
conditions are claiming a lot of lives due to the fact that it leads
to poor sight by pilots leading to accidents. On top of that, poor
climatic conditions increase the chances of accidents occurring.
It is good for pilots to consider climatic conditions and make
sure that safety is guaranteed.
Figure 1: Cui & Li (2015) The change trend and influencing
factors of civil aviation safety efficiency: the case of Chinese
airline companies
Introduction and BackgroundRhetorical situation
Purpose: The expansion of air transport is quite bright. Due to
the fact that air transport is inevitable, new safety strategies
have been developed in order to address the problem.
Subject: Safety in aviation.
Readers: Academic, aviation employees, and travelers.
Context
This document is essential to the academia section of the
aviation industry, aviation employees and travelers. In recently
years, the air craft transport has witnessed expansion thus
necessitating safety in the aviation industry. Aviation safety
includes the theory, prevention of flight failures, categorization
of the failures, investigation, regulation and the art of training
in order to curb the failures. In the long run, these elements are
the one that contribute to aviation safety. The historians who
have contributed greatly are astronomers, aviation researcher
and scientists. Thanks for the introduction of the topic as it
contributes great in understanding safety in aviation. After the
theoretical part, the practical part would be assumed.
Figure 21: Cui and Li (2015). The change trend and influencing

airline companies. Safety science, 75, 56-63.Method of inquiry
Aviation safety refers the condition of an aviation system or an
industry upon which risks are correlated with aviation issues,
related to, or in one way or the other have direct support of
aircraft operations, are controlled and reduced in a manner that
can be controlled. The safety can assume the field of campaign
for safety in the flights. The report assumes problem- solution
analysis. This report will explore the safety in aviation. In the
actual sense, aviation safety has turned to be an area of concern
in the present world due to expansion in air craft transport.
Therefore, this writing takes the approach of an analytical
report which seeks to establish safety as a major tool and a
measure of success in the aviation industry especially in the
contemporary world. It is an analytical technical report which
identifies the issue, establishes the related challenges and offers
recommendation. Literature Review
· Baker, R. M., & Hunter, D. R. (2017, November). Reducing
accidents among general aviation pilots through a national
aviation safety program. In Aviation Resource
Management: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian
Aviation Psychology Symposium: v. 1 (pp. 63-70).
Routledge.
· Chittaro, L., & Buttussi, F. (2015). Assessing Knowledge
Retention of an Immersive Serious Game vs. a Traditional
Education Method in Aviation Safety. IEEE Trans. Vis.
Comput. Graph., 21(4), 529-538.
· Cui, Q., & Li, Y. (2015). The change trend and influencing
airline companies. Safety science, 75, 56-63.
· De GRAAFF, A. (2001). Aviation safety, an introduction. Air
& Space Europe, 3(3-4), 203-
205.‘https://www.icao.int/safety/Documents/ICAO_State-of-
Global- Safety_web_EN.pdf
· Kim, C. Y., & Song, B. H. (2016). An Empirical Study on
Safety Culture in Aviation Maintenance
Organization. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science

and Technology, 9(6), 333-344.
· Kushwaha, M., & Sharma, S. K. (2014). Impact of
Environmental Factors on Aviation Safety.
· Maurino, D. E., Reason, J., Johnston, N., & Lee, R. B.
(2017). Beyond aviation human factors: Safety in high
technology systems. Routledge.
· Sexton, J. B., & Klinect, J. R. (2017). The link between safety
attitudes and observed performance in flight operations.
In Human Error in Aviation (pp. 513-518). Routledge.
· Walala, M., & Keller, J. (2016). Late Morning Concurrent
Sessions: Critical Issues: Presentation: Cross-Sectional
Assessment of Safety Culture Perceptions and Safety
Behavior in Collegiate Aviation Programs in the United
States.
· Westrum, R., & Adamski, A. J. (2017). Organizational factors
associated with safety and mission success in aviation
environments. In Human Error in Aviation (pp. 475- 512).
Routledge.
The documents are ethical, valid, and highly recommended
for research about safety in aviation. Each information
document is based on safety in aviation and the factors that are
contributing in the expansion of the area. Other resourceful
documents were authored by researcher and scientists in the
field of aviation. The sources are useful for the study, as the
information is relevant and written by experts in the field.
Analysis of the problem
In a broad spectrum, the massive expansion in the aviation
industry has contributed extensively in the desire to improve
and augment the levels of aviation safety so as to ensure the
protection of life and property. Just as the aviation system
composition is complex and continues to become more complex
due to the rapid increase in technological advancement, so is the
aviation safety. This complex nature of aviation safety can be
significantly attributed to technological changes in design of
aviation equipment’s, training of personal and maintenance of
such resources specifically aircrafts and their respective landing

platforms such as airports and airstrips (Kim & Song, 2016).
Although the above measures are imperative to the maintenance
of aviation safety, it is worth acknowledging that the
contemporary safety mechanisms in the aviation industry seek
to enhance aviation regulatory frameworks as well as promoting
the endeavors of air traffic control procedures. However, it is
worth noting that every perspective of the aviation industry has
a safety aspect (Sexton & Klinect, 2017).
Most importantly, it is worth acknowledging that pilots
and other aviation crew member’s ability to avoid the most fatal
human errors significantly help enhance safety because it helps
prevent security breaches and reduces the probability of
accident occurrences. According to Baker and Hunters (2017),
frequent aviation safety seminars among other safety assurances
by Federal Aviation Administration should seek to enhance
safety. Moreover, the application of modern technologies as
well as adoption of an innovative approach in the creation of
aviation resources should be geared towards enhancing safety
and promoting security for human beings and property (Baker &
Hunters, 2017). It is widely acceptable that the aviation
industry is one of the areas in the modern world which is
greatly receiving a lot of influence from the rapidly and ever
reshaping technological world. Although the rapid change in
technological advancements is beneficial to the aviation
industry as a whole, there are numerous challenges which come
with it. Therefore, the different stakeholders in the industry are
mandated with the responsibility to ensure that any technology
adopted in the industry conforms with the available security and
safety regulation, Moreover, it should be understood that every
technological option that is chosen to help in the day-to-day
aviation operations should be geared towards offering the best
services to clients besides enhancing the competitive edge with
other transport sectors across the globe. The most important
aspect nevertheless is the ability to follow the available ethical,
moral and professional codes so as to enhance the different
processes of service delivery.

Figure 32: De GRAAFF, A. (2001). Aviation safety, an
introduction. Air & Space Europe, 3(3- 4), 203-205
Recommendation
Ultimately, the most viable mechanism of ensuring
aviation safety is by creating a culture of investigating previous
accidents, analyzing their causes as well as well creating an
avenue for the adoption of corrective measures so as to avoid
the grave consequences of the eventuality of other accidents.
However, there are other measures such as adoption of modern
technologies in aviation surveillance, aircraft creation and
management besides considering using training as a tool of
avoiding the potentiality of occurrence of human errors (Walla
& Keller, 2016). It is recommendable that the stakeholders in
the aviation industry should seek to employ the most effective
and efficient measures of identifying potential risk factors that
could threaten the aviation safety and taking the relevant
measures to prevent them. As a matter of fact, such risks can be
identified through the use of modeling exposure techniques and
research. Finally, the aspects of determining the airworthiness
of aviation facilities and equipment would accurately help in
enhancing safety standards (Cui & Li, 2015). In order to
implement the above recommendations effectively, there must
be support from the government as well as the willingness by
the private investors in providing adequate and the state of art
equipment that would facilitate the running of the aviation
industry safely. Moreover, there should be uniformity in the
approaches taken by the different bodies and authorities in the
aviation sector to address the threat posed by accidents as
depicted in the image below.
Figure 4: De GRAAFF, A. (2001). Aviation safety, an
introduction. Air & Space Europe, 3(3-4), 203-205
Conclusion
In conclusion, the aviation industry has experienced a
significant growth with a recent abrupt decrease in safety

concerns and accidents due to a number of factors that range
from regulation and policy framework to technological
advancement. It is therefore imperative for the aviation industry
to consider investing in investigating the potential next
generation of safety challenges. The investigation and analysis
of the potential risks in the aviation sector require the
understanding value of safety an endeavor which will help the
industry to move from the reactive approach of handling safety
to a proactive and predictive approach that seeks to nurture the
systems for better handling of aviation matters.
References
Baker, R. M., & Hunter, D. R. (2017, November). Reducing
accidents among general aviation pilots through a national
aviation safety program. In Aviation Resource Management:
Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Aviation Psychology
Symposium: v. 1 (pp. 63-70). Routledge.
Chittaro, L., & Buttussi, F. (2015). Assessing Knowledge
Retention of an Immersive Serious Game vs. a Traditional
Education Method in Aviation Safety. IEEE Trans. Vis.
Comput. Graph., 21(4), 529-538.
Cui, Q., & Li, Y. (2015). The change trend and influencing
airline companies. Safety science, 75, 56-63.
De GRAAFF, A. (2001). Aviation safety, an introduction. Air &
Space Europe, 3(3-4), 203-205.
https://www.icao.int/safety/Documents/ICAO_State-of-
Global-Safety_web_EN.pdf
Kim, C. Y., & Song, B. H. (2016). An Empirical Study on
Safety Culture in Aviation Maintenance
Organization. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science
and Technology, 9(6), 333-344.
Kushwaha, M., & Sharma, S. K. (2014). Impact of
Environmental Factors on Aviation Safety.
Maurino, D. E., Reason, J., Johnston, N., & Lee, R. B.
(2017). Beyond aviation human factors: Safety in high

technology systems. Routledge.
Sexton, J. B., & Klinect, J. R. (2017). The link between safety
attitudes and observed performance in flight operations.
In Human Error in Aviation (pp. 513-518). Routledge.
Walala, M., & Keller, J. (2016). Late Morning Concurrent
Sessions: Critical Issues: Presentation: Cross-Sectional
Assessment of Safety Culture Perceptions and Safety Behavior
in Collegiate Aviation Programs in the United States.
Westrum, R., & Adamski, A. J. (2017). Organizational factors
associated with safety and mission success in aviation
environments. In Human Error in Aviation (pp. 475-512).
Routledge.
Student:
Date: 11 26
Time:
Ricardo
2:00
Sara
2:10
Caleb
2:20
Gianna
2:30
Douglas

2:40
Date: 11 28
Ryan B
2:00
Jamaal
2:10
Cody
2:20
Kathryn
2:30
2:40
Date: 11 30
Carley
2:00
Julian
2:10
David
2:20
Liv
2:30
Kessler

2:40
Date: 12 3
Nick
2:00
Ryan C
2:10
Adlynn
2:20
Meshari
2:30
2:40
Date: 12 5
Won
2:00
Xavier
2:10
Vraj
2:20
Justin
2:30

2:40
Presentations for Tech Report
Presentation will be 75 pts.
Attendance for EACH day of presentation (taken at the END of
the class period):5 pts per day. Late and Early leaves will
deduct points.
Decorum: Do not come late; do not use computers, phones, or
tablets. Typing is loud and rude. Be attentive and treat others
as you would like to be treated. If I have to say anything to you
at all, even once, you will lose participation points for the
WHOLE presentation period.
IF YOU MISS YOUR PRESENTATION, that's it. There are NO
makeups, regardless of excuse, reason, argument, or pleading.
In the real world this leads people to be fired, sacked,
canned...if you miss your presentation, consider yourself one of
these.
On a happier note, I am very excited to see what you research,
put together, and present! REMEMBER you should think about
this project as one you can BUILD on!
DirectionsforPresentation: Please prepare a Power Point or
Prezi based on your report. Your presentation should be 7-8
minutes in length—shorter than 7 minute presentations will be
graded down; longer presentations over 8 minutes will be
stopped and graded down. You should dress appropriately.
Please prepare a 7 slide presentation with the following slides:
1) Title Page with your name and date (brief! 30 seconds;
introduce yourself)
2) Background information (2 mins)
3) Reason for report – problem (1 min)
4) Summary of findings (1 min)
5) Recommendation (2 min)
6) Conclusions 1 min (1 min)
7) Final page with contact info (30 seconds)
* You need to include TWO original visuals as well as use
transitions and animations.

Running Head SAFETY IN AVIATION .docx

Running Head SAFETY IN AVIATION .docx

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