Lord Krishna happens to be one of the most revered and liked gods of the Hindu pantheon. Looked at from a management point of view, he is the great decision maker and a leader par excellence. Apart from God, he is a true friend, philosopher, guide, motivator, problem solver and path shower to the mankind. Each incident of his life teaches us a great lesson.
Sai Muruli contributed this beautiful presentation he made for Sai devotees. Kindly pray for his child's good health... Shirdi Saibaba blessings to Sai devotees who watch this presentation ! . Sai Ki jai
http://www.starsai.com/
The origins of the text known as Brahma-saṁhitā are lost in cosmic antiquity. According to Vedic tradition, these “Hymns of Brahmā” were recited or
sung countless millennia ago by the first created being in the universe, just
prior to the act of creation. The text surfaced and entered calculable history
early in the sixteenth century, when it was discovered by a pilgrim exploring
the manuscript library of an ancient temple in what is now Kerala state in
South India. Prior to the introduction of the printing press, texts like
Brahma-saṁhitā existed only in manuscript form, painstakingly handwritten by scribes and kept under brahminical custodianship in temples, where
often they were worshiped as śāstra-Deity, or God incarnate in holy scripture.
The pilgrim who rescued Brahma-saṁhitā from obscurity was no ordinary
pilgrim, and His pilgrimage was not meant, as is the custom, for self-purification but for world-purification. He was Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu—saint,
mystic, religious reformer, and full incarnation of the Supreme Lord, Śrī
Kṛṣṇa, descending into the present epoch for the salvation of all souls. At
the time of His discovery of the text, Śrī Caitanya was touring South India,
preaching His message of love of Kṛṣṇa and promulgating the practice of
saṅkīrtana, congregational singing of the holy names of God. Śrī Caitanya
commenced this tour shortly after becoming a monk (sannyāsī), at age
twenty-four, and the tour lasted approximately two years. After a southward journey from Purī (in Orissa State) that carried Him to holy places such
as Śrī Raṅga-kṣetra, Setubandha Rāmeśvara, and finally Kanyākumārī (Cape
Comorin), he turned northward and, traveling along the bank of the
Payasvini River in Travancore state, reached the temple of Ādi-keśava in
Trivandrum district.
Śrī Caitanya’s principal biographer, Kṛṣṇadāsa Kavirāja Gosvāmī, writes in
Caitanya-caritāmṛta (Madhya-līlā, Ch. 9) that upon beholding the holy image of Ādi-keśava (Kṛṣṇa) in the temple, Caitanya was overwhelmed with
spiritual ecstasy, offered fervent prayers, and chanted and danced in rapture, a wondrous sight that was received with astonished appreciation by
the devotees there. After discussing esoteric spiritual matters among some
highly advanced devotees present, Śrī Caitanya found “one chapter of the
Brahma-saṁhitā” (what we now have as Brahma-saṁhitā is, according to
tradition, only one of a hundred chapters composing an epic work lost to
humanity). Upon discovering the manuscript, Śrī Caitanya felt great ecstasy
and fell into an intense mystic rapture that overflowed onto the physical
realm, producing a profusion of tears, trembling, and perspiration. (We
would search the literature of the world in vain to find a case in which the
discovery of a lost book inspired such unearthly exhilaration!) Intuiting the
Brahma-saṁhitā to be a “most valuable jewel,” He employed a scribe in
hand-copying the manuscript and departed with the copy..
The religious life in the central india during c6th-c7th A.D.AmitabhKumar47
THE RELIGIOUS LIFE IN THE CENTRAL INDIA DURING THE C6th-C7th A.D. UNDER THE MINOR DYNASTIES: THE PROCESS OF SYNCRETISATION AND ASSIMILATION OF POPULAR DIVINITIES INTO THE BRAHMANICAL FOLD
Within the larger pantheon of Hinduism, Shaivism is one of the major religious sects that worship Shiva as the Supreme Being. It is the one of the old religions of the east and is also known as one of the prominent religious cults of India. The doctrine which centers on the philosophical aspect of Rudra Shiva goes back through ages and it developed and flourished with time. Shaivism is not a single cult but a mixture of different cults. From prehistoric times down to the early centuries of the Christian era the annals of this cult was unluckily not prominent. The history of this cult may be traced to the beginnings of human civilization on earth, like the cult of mother Goddess. Both emerged from the fertility cult. The earliest historical record to the worship of Shiva was given by Megasthenes, a Greek ambassador, at Pataliputra about 300B.C. Dionysus and Herakles, two deities generally identified with Siva and Krishna respectively were described by him. In the Mahabhashya, Patanjali gave the reference to the Shiva bhagavatas and also describes the images of Shiva and Skanda being sold by Mauryas to raise money in the time of crisis during second century B.C. This shows the popularity of this cult. In this paper we would try to understand the evolution of Shaiva religion in the ambits of Jammu region. Kuljeet Singh "Tracing the Growth of Shaivaism in Jammu" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47536.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/47536/tracing-the-growth-of-shaivaism-in-jammu/kuljeet-singh
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
2. Introduction
• Etymologically, word Avatar is derived from root Aruta meaning to
descend, to come down
• Contextually, a principle of Vaishnava sect.
• Use of different terms to express the idea.
• Bhagavata Gita, Mahabharata: Janam, Sambhava
• Harivamsha Purana: Pradurbhaava
• Vishnudharmottar Purana: No where mentions the term Avataar.
3. Concept
• God’s (or a part of God) birth to serve a specific purpose.
• Necessary intervention by Divinity.
• Could be in form of a man, an animal or an anthropomorph.
• Incarnate has all the powers of God.
• Not a disguise: birth by natural process.
• Existence on earth.
• Often doesn’t incarnate alone: assisted by other Gods.
• Different from reincarnation: based on will.
5. Aims of Incarnation
• To establish Dharma.
• To restore righteousness in world.
• To liberate the worthy.
• To eliminate the unworthy.
• To maintain cosmic balance
6. Roots of tradition?
• Rgveda: Vishnu took another form in a battle.
• Rgveda: Talks about various forms of Indra
But form is not incarnate.
Has no sense of purpose to it.
• Later other sects also adopted the concept of Incarnation.
Devibhagvata Purana: Shakti avatar- Durga, Kaali, Parvati. Lakshmi avatar: Sridevi, Bhudevi,
Sita, Radha
Linga Purana: Avatar of Ganesh- Gajanan, Mayureshwar, Vakratunda
Linga Purana + Shiva Purana: Veerbhadra incarnation to help Nrusimha.
7. Number of Avataras
• Mahabharata: Narayaniya part mentions 4 avataras-Varah, Vaman,
Nrusingh, Vasudeva Krishna.
• Harivamsha Purana: 6 . Includes Ram Dasharathi & Ram Bhargava
• Matsya Purana: 10
• Vayu Purana: 10-12.
• Bhagvata Purana: 25- Brahma, Narad, Kapil, Duttatreya, Hygreeva, Vyas etc.
8. TYPES OF AVATARS
POORNA
• Complete incarnation, one where the avatar is full conscious,
simultaneously about his Jiva form, his God form and his Turiya
(Brahm) form eg. Ram, Krishna, Nrusimha
ANSHA
• Partial incarnation: Incarnation of a portion of the power of divine
beings eg. Parshurama.
ANSHA
• shamkha and chakra.
9. Main Incarnations & their time
Incarnation Period
Matsya Satyuga
Kurma Satyuga
Varah Satyuga
Nrisimha Satyuga
Vaman Treta
Parshurama Treta
Rama Treta
Krishna Dwapar
Buddha Kali Yuga
Kalki Kali Yuga
10. If Parshuram & Krishna were on earth at the same time, then
where was Lord Vishnu at that time?
• It is not that Vishnu stops what He is doing, changes clothes, sticks on a beard, hangs a sign
on His door saying ‘Gone for a while, back soon’, and descends to Earth. Nor does He
change form like a shapeshifter and Laxmi is left wondering who was that who just left
carrying an axe?
• Vishnu manifests enough forms to enter into each and every atom of the universe, but still
remains complete in His original form.
• So he has the capacity to be present simultaneously in different forms at the same time.
• Parasurama is an empowered incarnation. That means a personality who is imbued with
the power of Visnu to perform a specific function, like an ambassador who represents the
head of his country in a foreign country.
• Krishna is supremely independent, He is independent of Vishnu even.
11. Earliest avatar-related epigraphy
• Matsyah Kurmo Varahas-cha Narasimhas-cha Vamana
Ramo Ramas-cha Ramas-cha Buddha Kalki-cha te dasa
(The Fish, the Tortoise, the Boar, the Man-lion, the Dwarf, Parasurama, Rama,
Balarama, Buddha and Kalki – thy ten)
—Sanctum entrance, Adivaraha cave (7th century), Mahabalipuram
• The stone inscription mentions the Buddha as an avatar of Vishnu in a Hindu
temple.
• Does not mention Krishna, but Balarama consistent with old Hindu and Jain texts
of South India, the former equating Krishna to be identical to Vishnu
12. Matsya Incarnation
• Oldest incarnation
• Shatpath Brahman: Prajapati takes form of Matsya during
deluge
• Mahabharata, Manusmriti, Puranas: Refer to Matsya
incarnate.
• Kalikapurana: Refers to worship of Matsyavatar in temple.
• King Indradyuman of Orissa constructed a temple
dedicated to Matsya avatar in Kaamrupa.
13. Development of Matsyavatar
Narration
• Stage I: Satapatha Brahamana- A small
narration focussing on rites. Not much details.
Even the fish is not identified as avatara.
• Stage II: Matsya Purana- Identification of Matsya
as avatar and addition of details.
• Stage III: Other Puranas- Matsyavatar sidelined.
Focus on Varahavatara.
14. Kurma Incarnation
• Atharvaveda: Prajapati took the form
of Kurma at the time of creation.
• Puranas: Kurma as incarnation of
Vishnu.
• Held the mountain Mandar on his
back during the churning of sea.
15.
16. Varah Incarnation
• Atharveda: Varah related to
Prithivi’s Upliftment
• Taitiriya Samhita & Shatpath
Brahman: Prajapati related to
Varah avatar.
• Special importance during
Gupta period.
• Seen at Udaygiri caves panel
and boar sculpture at Eran.
17.
18. Nrisimha
• Bali was worshipper of Nrisimha.
• Gupta period: Nrisimha associated with
Vishnu.
• Alin inscription of 766 CE mentions
Nrisimha.
• Depiction of Nrisimha tearing apart the
stomach of Hiranyakashyapa
• Separate temples for Narsimha
19.
20. Vaman Incarnation
• Rgveda: Mentions word Trivikram in
association with Vishnu
• Further development of Bali story.
• Two types of depictions in art- as a
Vaman and as Trivikram
• Junagarh inscription of Skandagupta:
mentions Vaman
• Onam festival
21.
22.
23.
24. Parashuram
• Son of sage Jamadagni
• Nasik Inscription of Saka king
Rishabhnath: Mentions Ram tirth
• Mahabharata: Ram Tirth was the
ashram of Parashuram near Sopara.
• Held important by Brahmans with
Kshatriya qualities & inclination.
25. Rama Incarnation
• Worshipped as a folk hero from ancient times
• Bhandarkar: Ram established as God before Gupta
period.
• Brihadsamhita: Describes the format of Ram moorti
• Depiction of events related to his life on sculptural
panels.
• Dashavatar temple, Kailash Temple, Virupaksha
temple
26.
27.
28. Balrama
• Mahabharata: Reference to worship
of Balaram along with Krishna &
Kuber
• One of the Vrishni Veer.
• Arthashastra: refers to Sankarshan &
his followers
• Puranas: Avatar of Sheshnaga
• Oldest sculpture from Mathura
dated 2nd cent CE.
29. Krishna
• Initially a Vrishni hero, later a
popular God in Vaishnavism.
• Referred to in Mahabharata
Ashtadhyayi, Mahabhashya, Indica.
• Inscriptions: Besnagar, Mora,
Nanaghat.
• Depiction of episodes of Krishna’s
life.
30.
31. Buddha
• Puranas count him as one of the incarnations of Vishnu.
• But Buddhist sources do not accept this.
• Legend 1: Vishnu took incarnation as Buddha to establish
the ideal of good deeds & renunciation.
• Legend 2: Buddha incarnation to defeat and destroy
Asuras.
• With rise of Mahayan Buddhism, Buddha became a
popular God.
• Probably, it was an attempt for assimilation against the
foreign threat.
32. Kalki
• Future incarnation of Vishnu
• Riding a white horse
• Holding a sword
• Incarnation to destroy the Malechchhas and to
establish new social order.
33. Forms of Avatar worship
• Single Avatar
• Vaikuntha Chaturmurti
• Varaha Narasimha
• Dashavatar Panel
43. Conclusion
• A unique concept
• Initially associated with Vaishnavism.
• Later other sects too included the concept of incarnation.
• Extensive mythology related to Avataras
• Frequent theme in Indian art.