Jainism gradually spread from its place of origin in India to other parts of the country. A lack of strong royal patronage like Buddhism received from emperors such as Ashoka hindered its expansion. Additionally, Jainism's philosophy of non-violence and its strict code of conduct regarding food, clothing, and ascetic practices made it difficult to spread more widely. However, it gained followers among traders and merchants in India and influenced art, architecture, language and literature as well as the growth of charitable works in many regions over many centuries.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
This Presentation is prepared for Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes. The pictures/Maps included in the presentation are taken/copied from the internet. The presenter is thankful to them and herewith courtesy is given to all. This presentation is only for academic purposes.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
DUJ 2017 - Preparatory Talk - Buddhist centres of Lalitagiri, Ratnagiri and U...tamilheritagetrust
A large number of sites in Odisha have yielded Buddhist remains. The major centres are Lalitagiri, Ratnagiri and Udayagiri, about two and a half hours away from Bhubaneswar. While the area has been mentioned in official records since 1870, periodic archaeological excavations from 1958 and more recently in 1997-2000 have unearthed the ruins of a grand monastic complex with magnificent shrines. The sites have numerous sculptures of the Mahayana and Vajrayana pantheon as well as hundreds of votive stupas. Remains at Lalitagiri have been dated as early as 3rd C CE; Ratnagiri and Udayagiri developed subsequently. They were great centres of Vajrayana buddhism between the 7th and 11th centuries.
The talk will include a quick overview of the three sites as well as a detailed introduction to the Buddhist iconography in Odisha (please refer separate presentation deck on that)
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Krishna I and His Successors
Religion
Literature
Elephanta – 3 Faced Lord Shiva
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Aihole Inscription of Pulikesin II
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Documenting rock art sites is crucial for preserving and understanding humanity's ancient cultural heritage. The presentation delves into the scientific documentation process of rock art, exploring its significance, methods, and implications for future generations. The presentation begins by defining documentation and its importance in recording and preserving rock art sites for posterity. It highlights the necessity of documentation, emphasising its role in safeguarding cultural heritage and facilitating scholarly research. The immense value of documentation for future generations is underscored, emphasising its role in preserving invaluable evidence of our ancestors' artistic expressions and cultural practices. Various documentation methods are discussed, from traditional approaches to modern scientific techniques. The presentation reviews previous attempts at rock art documentation, identifying important works and methodologies employed by scholars in the field. It outlines a comprehensive documentation process, starting with planning and preparation and ending with on-site data collection, analysis and off-site table work and lab analysis.
Case studies are presented to illustrate the application of the documentation process, providing insights into the practical aspects of rock art research. The presentation also discusses ethical considerations and guiding principles for conducting insightful and culturally sensitive rock art research. The importance of assembling a multidisciplinary team is emphasised, highlighting the diverse expertise required for a holistic understanding of rock art sites. Detailed lists of general accessories and scientific equipment are provided for field and laboratory work. The presentation offers a final mantra for successful rock art research, emphasising patience, in-depth site understanding, multidisciplinary collaboration, and ethical engagement with local communities. By adhering to these principles, researchers can contribute to preserving and interpreting humanity's ancient cultural heritage for generations to come.
This PPT is for educational purpose not for commercial and not even for API purpose.
This is prepared for the students of art, architecture and archaeology.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. Why they started to shifting from the land of their origin ?- 10
Why
Migration
?
Lack of
Patronage
Other
Competitors
Height of
Philosophy
Liberal Steps
of Existing
Religion
Internal
DisputesNot ready to
change with
the time
Uncertainty
of Ruling
Power
Emergence
of New
Empire and
Dynasty
Geographical
Condition
Diffusion of
Centre (Jaina
Council)
4. Gurjara-Pratihara Empire, 800-900 CE
Maitraka dynasty, 500-800 CE
Second Jain Council at Vallabhi in 512 CE,
Final Compilations of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas.
Gradual Development of Jainism in Gujarat
Started During Neminath, 22nd
Chavda dynasty, 746- 942 CE
Amoghavarsha I (r.814–878 CE) of Rashtrakuta dynasty
11th – 12th and 13th Cen. (Vaghela dynasty)
Jaina Centers in Gujarat
11. Gradual Growth of Jainism in MH
• The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 200 BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the Pune
District. It was written in the Jain Prakrit and includes the Navkar Mantra.
• Satvahana Dynasty- Paithan is a well known ancient Digambar Jain. This temple is dedicated to
Munisuvrata, the 20th Jain tirthanakar.
• Ankai Tankai, Nasik Jaina Caves
12. • Ellora Jain (caves 30–34)
Gradual Growth of Jainism in MH
13. Ancient texts such as the Shankardigvijaya and Shivlilamruta suggest that a large number
of Maharashtra were Jains in the ancient period.
14. • Mangi giri hill, Nasik
Gradual Growth of Jainism in MH
15. • Godiji, Mumbai
• Godiji Parshwanath Temple, Tharparkar, Pakistan
Gradual Growth of Jainism in MH
18. Jaina Centers in Andhra Pradesh
• The Jaina tradition is that Mahavira (mahāvīra) himself
had come to the north-eastern borders
of Andhra Pradesh and preached the religion.
• There is a tradition (represented
in Pariśiṣṭaparvan of Hemachandra) that Samprati, the
grandson of Asoka (aśoka), sent Jaina monks to Andhra
in the capacity as his ambassadors, after instructing the
people how to treat them.
• The Hāthīgumphā inscription of
Kharavela (kharavēla), written in Mauryan year 165
(2nd century B.C.), says that the idol of the Jina, which
belonged to Kaliṅga taken by King Nanda
of Magadha[20], was regained and brought.
• The Satavahana rulers of Pre-Christian era who ruled a
vast territory which now comprises of Andhra,
Maharashtra and Karnataka states were also influenced
by Jainism. "Kalakasuri prabandha" writes that one of
the Satavahana rulers of Pratistanapura used to attend
a Jaina monk's discourse.
19. • Even before the reign of Chalukya king Pulakesi the (17th Century A. D.) Jainism was a dominant religion in the Karnataka. All
the later kings like Vinayaditya, Vijayaditya helped Jaina saints in spreading their religion. During Vatapi Chalukyas and
Rashtrakutas in whose kingdoms much of Andhra (mainly Rayalasemsa and Telangana regions) was a territory influenced by
Jainism as these kings were great patrons of this religion.
• During the Rashtrakuta king Nitya Varsha Indra Vallabha (915-927 A. D.) Bodhan was his capital and even now it is considered
by the jainas as one of their Adima Thirthas. The famous Jaina Acharya Somadevasuri of that time wrote many books and
spread the faith the Telangana region.
• From 2nd century B. C. upto 800-900 A. D., there were no inscriptions bearing the dates of that period. It might be the period
of Jaina decline in Kalinga and it was only during that period of Jaina decline in Kalinga and it was only during that period the
Vedic and the Buddhistic religions began to flourish in Kalinga.
• Tradition says that in a village known as Gangaperulu in Rayalasema, a Jaina monk known as Simhanandi Acharya lived. The
princes who fled from a town known as Vijayapura in northern India, sought his protection and later founded the famous
Ganga dynasty with is blessings. Excavations conducted at Danavulapadu in Cuddapah district revealed the extent of spread of
Jainism in that area.
• The founder of Eastern Chalukya dynasty Kubjavishnuvardhana (624-641 A. D.) was brother of Pulakesi II. During his period
Vijayawada was a great Jaina centre. His Danasasana (762 A. D.) indicates that he was a great portion of Jaina religion.
• Ramatirtham in Visakhapatnam district was both a Buddhist and Jaina Kshetra and now it is a famous Hindu Kshetra.
Excavations at Penugonda in East Godavari district revealed that it was once a Jaina religious centre. At the time of Kullotunga
Chola son of Raja Rajanarendra, Munugodu in Sattenapalli taluq was a Jaina kshetra. Another inscription of 1178 A. D. reveals
that Bhogapuram in Visakhapatnam Dt. was having Jaina temples. In Nellore district upto 13th Century there were Jaina
temples.
• It is a wonder that though Jainism was prevalent for more than 1500 years in Andhra only one book written a by a saint of this
area is available now. It is Jinendra Kalyanabhyudaya by Appayacharya (1241 Saka era).
• For an Archaeologist and epigraphist who wishes to study Jaina history Andhra provides a rich source . "Padu" were all Jaina
villages. In many places in Andhra we find wells known as Jainabavulu. They are of a particular type of construction. They are
covered by lids so that animals in the streets may not fall in the nights. Similarly in many villages we find idols called as
"Sanyasi Demullu". All such villages were once Jaina villages. Many such villages are found in Coastal Andhra.
Jaina Centers in Andhra Pradesh
20. • Historical association of Jainism with Karnataka dates back
to the 300 BCE- Chandragupta Maurya & Bhadrabahu..
• Western Ganga (Marsingh-I, Rachmall IV, V (350-1000 CE)
• Kadamba (345- 525 CE)
• Chalukya (600-12th Cen. CE)
• Hoysala (1200-1400 CE)
• Vijayanagar (1336-1646 CE)
Jaina Centers in Karnataka
22. Bahubali
The son of Rishabhnath
The 57 ft high Gommateshwara at Shravanbelagola,
Karnataka, was built in 981 CE
Ādi purāṇa, a 9th-century Sanskrit poem, deals with the ten lives of
the first tirthankara, Rishabhanatha and his two sons Bharata and
Bahubali. It was composed by Jinasena, a Digambara monk.
Akkana Basadi, Shravanabelagola.
27. • A palm leaf manuscript with ancient Tamil text Cīvaka
Cintāmaṇi
• Kalabhra dynasty, who were patrons of Jainism, ruled over
the entire ancient Tamil country in the 3rd–7th century CE.
• Pallavas followed Hinduism but also patronized Jainism.
The Trilokyanatha Temple in Kanchipuram and Chitharal Jain
Temple were built during the reign of the Pallava dynasty.
• The Pandyan kings were initially Jains but later
became Shaivaites. The Sittanavasal Cave and Samanar
Malai are Jain complexes that were built during the reign
of Pandyan dynasty.
• Chola dynasty-The construction of Tirumalai cave
complex was commissioned Queen Kundavai, elder sister
of Rajaraja Chola I. The Digambara Jain Temple
in Thirakoil and the Mallinathaswamy Jain
Temple in Mannargudi were both built during the reign of
the Chola dynasty.
Jaina Centers in Tamilnadu
31. • Evidence for the early influence of Jainism, in what was known
as Tami̟l̟akam, is provided in Sangam literature.
• Many of the early Tamil texts that have survived are credited to
Jain authors, including Tamil epics
like S̄ilappatikāram and Civakacint̠a̅man̟i.
• Post-Sangam texts like Naladiyar are also influenced by the Jain
ideas of the transitory nature of reality, the virtues of
renunciation and so on.
• Temple inscriptions from different regions in Northern Kerala—
Tazhekkav, Tiruvannur, Alathur, Kinalur—show that temples
played a significant role in integrating different sections like
trading groups, local chieftains, militias and even kings into the
temple-centred social structure.
• Jain traditions in South India are predominantly Digambara.
There is another, lesser-known, Jain sect called Yapaniya that
emerged in South India, which adopted relatively liberal
attitudes towards female renunciants.
• There are a few Jain settlements in Kerala in the districts of
Palakkad and Wayanad.
• In contrast, the relics of Jainism are principally present in
Northern Kerala, in the districts of Palakkad, Kozhikode and
Wayanad.
Jaina Centers in Kerala
35. Why did Jainism fail to spread in the world?
• Lack of patronage from a strong monarch, like Ashoka and Kushana did for Buddhism. Asoka was instrumental
in spreading Buddhism to south of India(e.g. Srilanka,Thailand) and Kushana did the same to north of India(e.g.
Korea,China,Japan).
• Lack of Efforts; Unlike Abrahamic religions, Jainism doesn't believe in proselytizing activities due to its inherent
philosophy of Anekantvad which accepts that truth can be multifaceted.
• Lord Mahavira, who was contemporary of Buddha haven't promoted it aggressively although it spread after him to other part
at faster pace.
• A very strict code of conduct to follow. Unlike, the middle path of Buddhism; Jain philosophy believes that soul
and matter are two different things and they should be separated by doing penance. Hence, to destroy
the karmas(nirjara) extreme austerities need to be practiced on the body.
• Ahimsa: the whole idea of Jainism is based on ahimsa(non-violence) and tolerance. Hence, in the long history of its existence
it has never been imposed on anyone.
• These non violent principles and patronage by trading community was also responsible for large conversion of jains into other
religions, as they failed to safeguard themselves from those attacks.
• The first and foremost is that you have to be a vegetarian to the core.
• Not to use all agricultural products that grow under the ground like : potato, onion, garlic, ginger, carrots etc.
• You cannot have food after sundown.
• Role of Hindu Philosopher and Circumstances. Similarly, they failed to counter conversion to Islam(especially
during mughal period) when Jains formed one of the largest and influential communities in India
• Too much focus on other worldly things and meta physics which failed to get attention of masses. In initial years
it was totally an intellectual concept which lacked mass appeal as it didn't promised an easy road to salvation.
• Sallekhana where you stop consumption of food and water until death. This is though practiced by the old and
the infirm.
• Naked: Such concepts can flourish only in India.