1. Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of King Tissa, who converted after listening to a sermon by Mahendra, the son of Emperor Ashoka of India.
2. Over subsequent centuries, Buddhism expanded on the island but also faced threats from foreign invaders and sectarian tensions between the Hinayana and Mahayana schools.
3. By the 12th century CE, kings had revived Buddhism and helped establish its dominance in Sri Lanka after years of struggle against outside attacks and internal divisions.
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
The PPP is for the students of UG & PG not for my API and not even for the commercial purpose.
The *slide 50* of this PPP is wrongly typed the name *Samudragupta instead of Chandragupta II*. so kindly correct in your notes.
The PPP is for the students of UG and PG only. Not for my API.
For more pics of Chola period-
https://www.clevelandart.org/art/collection/search?i=1&search=chola
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
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2. Introduction
• Known as Tamraparni, Simhala
• Indian price Vijaysimha defeated the natives and established first
Indian colonies
• His successor Devanpiyen Tissa was a contemporary of Ashoka.
• Buddhism entered Sri Lanka in the reign of King Tissa.
3. Introduction of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
• Tissa sent his messenger under the leadership of his nephew Mahaarittha
along with gifts to the court of Ashoka.
• Ashoka sent back a message to Tissa stating his faith in Buddha-Dhamma-
Samgha and advised Tissa to do the same.
• In Third Buddhist Council in India, it was decided to sent missionaries to
various parts for propagation of Buddhism.
• Ashoka’s son Mahendra sent to Sri Lanka along with Itthiya, Uttiya, Sambal,
Bhaddasaal.
• Tissa met Mahendra.
• After listening to his sermon, Tissa along with 40000 common folks accepted
Buddhism.
• Hinayana Buddhism.
4. Introduction Of Buddhism In Sri Lanka
• Princess Anula also wanted to join Buddhist Samgha.
• Mahindra revealed his inability to do so.
• He advised her to write to Princess Samghamitra in Patiliputra.
• Tissa once again sent his messenger in leadership of his nephew
Mahaarittha to bring Samghamitra and also the branch of revered
Bodhi Tree.
• Even today this tree stands in Anuradhpur.
• Tissa constructed a monastery for Samghamitra and called it Upasika
Vihar.
• Princess Anula along with 1000 royal ladies took Pravajya.
• Mahendra & Sanghmitra preached the main precepts of Buddhism in
till their death.
7. King Vattamaamani (29-17 BCE):
• Need to preserve Buddha’s sermon felt on account of threat of attacks & famine
during his reign.
• Tripitakas were written down in Pali in his reign.
• Also constructed Vihara Abhaygiri for Bhikkhu Tissa.
• Tissa expelled from Abhaygiri. But continued residing there along with his
disciples.
• Met Acharya Dharmaruchi’s disciples from India who were followers of Vajjputta
sect of Buddhism.
• Bhikkhu Tissa under their influence established a new sect – DHARAMRUCHI
NIKAY (Mahayana).
• They held Vaipulyapitaka as their sacred text & rejected Tripitakas.
• Growing tensions between Hinayani Mahavihar & Mahayani Dharmaruchi
• Violent struggle.
9. King Voharika Tissa (269-261 BCE)
• Under the influence of Hinayani Mahavihara, tried to supress
Dharmaruchi sect.
• Successful to subdue it but only for time being.
• Some time later, Dharmaruchi managed to regain its hold.
• In retaliation, they started to preach against Hinayani Mahavihara.
10. King Gothamaya ( 309-322 CE)
• Sided with Hinayani Mahavihar and declared Dharmaruchi sect in contempt
of law.
• Forced 60 sthavirs to leave the country.
• They went to south India & recited their woeful tale of harassment at the
hands of king Gothamaya.
• Sanghamitra, a Buddhist scholar decided to visit Sri Lanka and convince the
king to fix the differences.
• King Gothamaya impressed by him & appointed him as teacher for his 2
sons- Jyeshtha Tissa & Mahasena.
• Later, Mahasena became a disciple of Samghamitra .
11. King Mahasena (333 CE)
• Under the influence of Samghamitra, he ordered Mahavihara to accept
Dharmaruchi sect.
• When they objected & disagreed, he unleashed various atrocities on
them.
• Sized the property of Mahavihar & donated the same to Dharmaruchi.
• Violent struggle for quite some time.
12. Turning point: 6th – 7th cent CE
• 6th cent CE: Monk Jyotipal from India went to Sri Lanka to work upon
the so called defects of Dharmaruchi sect.
• 598 CE: Mahayana Monks of Abhaygiri accepted the sovereignty of
Hinayani Mahavihara and started observing & following their rules.
• Finally a peaceful co-existence after centuries of conflict between the
two sects.
13. Rise of Vajrayana in Srilanka: 7th – 9th cent CE
• Period of rise of Vajrayana Buddhism in India.
• Growth in tantric practises.
• Mysterious-Secretive rituals.
• Mahavihar succumbed to the growing influence of Vajrayana.
• Vajrayana manuscripts (8th -9th cent CE) recovered from Mahavihar.
14. Threat of foreign attacks: 9th cent CE onwards
• Period of constant inference of Indian dynasties- Chola-Pandya.
• 9th cent CE: Pandya king Srimaar Srivallabha attacked and defeated king Sen
Sheelamedha of Lanka.
• His armies destroyed viharas in Anuradhapur.
• Took away the gold statutes of Buddha and other valuables back to India.
• King Sen II (844-879 CE), S/O Sen Sheelamedha, brought them back after defeating
Pandyas.
• Parantaka I (907-953 CE), Rajendra I (1014-1044 CE): Destroyed viharas in their
attack on Lanka
15. Rajaraja I Chola: Imperialistic campaign: Srilanka
• c.981 CE: Mahendra V king of Sri Lanka faced internal conflicts: fled
his capital.
• Tiruvalangadu copper plates: Mighty Chola naval force crossed the
sea & destroyed the power of Sri Lankan king.
• Tirumagal inscription: Verifies.
• Brihadishwar temple inscriptions: Rajaraja I gave several villages in
Sri Lanka in grant for Brihadeshwar temple.
• Northern Sri Lanka became a part of Chola kingdom.
• Northern Sri Lanka renamed as Maamundisholamandalam.
• Rajaraja I made Polonnaruva as his capital and constructed many
temples there.
• Mahavamsa: doesn’t refer to this victory.
17. Rajendra I Chola: Imperialistic campaign: Sri Lanka
• Mahavamsa: Rajendra’s attack in 36th regnal year of Mahendra V = 1018 CE.
• Complete success.
• Karandai copper plate: Rajendra snatched the crown of Sri Lankan king and queens +
crown of Pandya king.
• Chola armies destroyed Buddhist viharas in Sri Lanka.
• Sri Lanka became a province of Chola kingdom.
• Rajendra Chola constructed many temples near Polonnurva in Sri Lanka.
• Defeated Sri Lankan king sought shelter in Tanjore :Resided for 12 years.
• After death of his father, Kassap, S/O Mahendra V, took back Rohan province from Cholas
18. MVKS & Srilanka
• Mahavamsha: Attacked Sri Lanka at time of drought
• Sri Lankan king = Bhuvanaikka Bahu I
• Victorious campaign: Recovered lot of wealth
• Destroyed the city of Shubhagiri
• Carried away to the Pandya country the venerable Tooth Relic
from Shubhagiri
• By diplomacy next Simhal king (S/O Bhuvanaikka Bahu) took back
Buddha’s tooth
• Sri Lanka remained under Pandya control till c. 1308-09 CE
19. Revival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka
• Buddhism had suffered greatly due to continuous foreign attacks.
• Viharas were destroyed, their wealth and precious possessions were looted.
• Lots of Bhikkus were either killed or migrated.
• Regained independence and re-established Buddhism in Sri Lanka.
• King Vijaybahu Srisamghabodhi (1055-1110 CE) requested king of Burma to
send Buddhist monks to Sri Lanka to revive the Buddhist ethos & creed.
• Monks from Burma ordained monks into Buddhism.
• King Parakramabahu (1153-1187 CE): built many stupas & viharas.
• He established the influence of Mahavihara sect.
• Issued many royal decrees for rules of ordination in Buddhism & upkeep of
monasteries.
• Many Buddhist commentaries were written during his reign.
20. Concluding remarks
• History of Buddhism in Sri Lanka is not a peaceful one.
• It is in fact closely entangled with political and sectarian developments.
• Buddhism faced a lot of struggle for establishment of sects in Sri Lanka.
• Peaceful co-existence of Hinayana and Mahayana sects was difficult to
achieve initially.
• Continuous threat of attack & destruction of Buddhist institutions at the
hands of foreign invaders.
• Nevertheless, Buddhism never left its hold in Sri Lanka.
• Gave to world a well documented history of development of Buddhism in
Sri Lanka in form of rich literature.
• Enriched Buddhist canonical texts by contributing to it.
