This document discusses key concepts relating to audience in media studies. It begins by defining different types of audiences, such as target, mass, niche, and secondary audiences. It then discusses how audience demographics like age, gender, social class can be analyzed. Several audience theories are outlined, including uses and gratifications theory, which discusses how audiences use media to fulfill needs like information, entertainment, and social interaction. Effects theory and its models (hypodermic needle, two-step flow, cultivation) are covered, as well as reception theory and Hall's encoding/decoding model of how audiences can interpret texts in preferred, negotiated, or oppositional ways. Genre theory and its relationship to audience expectations and pleasures is also discussed.
I have used Microsoft PowerPoint presentation and uploaded it to SlideShare to embed it to my blog. The presentation is about audience pleasures and explains how I intend to use them in my music magazine 'POWER'.
As we all know about censorship in India. How this word creates controversy in every film release. We can never say whether it is for publicity or for justice. Know more about how censorship works and its recent example.
Media and Information Literacy (MIL) 4. Types of Media (Part 3): Performance...Arniel Ping
Learners will be able to…
1. apply strategies in analyzing and deconstructing media messages (SSHS).
I- Media Literacy
A.Preview of the Questions for Deconstructing Media messages
B.Formative Assessment: Class Discussion
C.Deconstructing Media Messages: TV Commercial
D.Performance Task: Written Output
1. Deconstructing Media Messages: TV Commercial
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
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Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
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Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
2. Some key words
What do they mean and how do they relate to audience?
Mass
Niche
Target
Secondary
Passive
Active
Homogenous
Polysemic
3. What is audience all about?
The people who consume a media product or media text. Any media text will have intended
target audience – a mass/mainstream or niche audience. Products can also have a wider or
secondary audience who are not the target audience but may still consume (buy/watch) the
media text. The relationship between producer, media text and audience affects the way
meaning is produced and how we read and understand texts. Audiences can be passive or
active, homogenous or polysemic.
*homogenous = one big audience who all respond in the same way to the same text
*polysemic = lots of different audiences with different experiences and will respond differently to the same text
5. Audience Details (demographics)
• Demographics is all about details to consider about an audience:
– Age (babies, toddlers, children, teenagers, young adult, adult, OAP)
– Gender (male/female/transgendered)
– Race/ethnicity (asian, white, black, latino etc)
– Social class (lower class (severe poverty), working class (near poverty), lower middle
(average income), upper middle (above average income), upper (high
earnings)
***(see next slide for categories)
– Values/attitudes (deep concern and care for environment or the treatment of children/education/minority
groups etc)
– Interests, hobbies (clubs, photography, boating, swing dancing, rowing, tattoos)
– Social group (sporty, goth/emo, religion, punk, rocker, hippie)
– Sexuality (straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual)
– Location (country, part of country, city/town….irish/north/south/dublin/belfast)
– Profession/role (mother, carer, teacher, student, business, author, etc.)
6. Audience – SOCIAL CLASS
Grade Occupation
A Higher managerial, administrative or professional
B Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional
C1 Supervisory or clerical and junior managerial, administrative or professional
C2 Skilled manual workers
D Semi and unskilled manual workers
E
Casual or lowest grade workers, pensioners and others who depend on the state for
their income
Group Description NRS equivalent
1
Higher Professional and
Managerial workers
A
2
Lower Managerial and
Professional workers
B
3 Intermediate occupations C1 and C2
4
Small Employers and non
professional self-employed
C1 and C2
5
Lower Supervisory and
technical
C1 and C2
6 Semi Routine Occupations D
7 Routine Occupations D
8 Long term unemployed E21st century
20th century
7. Genre and audience
• You can’t have a text without an audience!
• Successful genre = register meaning with audience
• Similar films will follow, thus conventions develop
• Example:
• Think of the success of paranormal activity and the impact its had on
horror/thriller genres
8. GENRE AND AUDIENCE
• Audience = the (intended or not) group who will view, participate
or observe a text
• There is a relationship between genre and audience
• Why do audiences find genres satisfying?
• Genre could be a means of satisfying an audience:
– Audiences develop an understanding that certain expectations may be fulfilled and
they may find pleasure in predicting what will happen next
– Audiences know what to expect from a genre but at the same time want some
variations to prevent dissatisfaction and even boredom
– Thus any text in a genre is a combination of the familiar and the unexpected
(inevitable lead into subgenre/hybrids)
9. Audience and film genre
• Example: GENDER
– MALES – sci/fi, action/adventure, gangster, war
– FEMALES – musicals, chick flicks, love story/romance
• AUDIENCE EXPECTATION
– Genre depends on what audience expects to see
– Example: you pay to see a romantic-comedy, with anticipation of light-hearted entertainment, warm/feel
good factor
– The industry is totally aware of audience and aims to make films to satisfy our expectations (needs/wants)
– Marketing of films plays on our knowledge of genre
• Consider movie posters = not just title, denotation/connotation of images (iconography)
• However, iconography is dependant on our exposure to media texts (we acquire knowledge/understanding/familiarity
over time of seeing a variety of similar images)
– Studio profit
• Remember the film industry is a business (especially main stream films): its aims are to firstly make money! They adhere
to genre restrictions because they will sell because they are familiar & recognisable for MASS audiences – it’s a tried and
tested way of securing investments to be able to make films
• More independent labels might have different aims; more artistic for different NICHE audiences
.
10. Audience Theorists
Stuart Hall – encoding and decoding
McQuail – uses & gratifications
Altman – set of pleasures
Effects Theory
Hypodermic Needle Model (effects theory)
Two Step Flow (effects theory)
Cultivation(effects theory)
Reception Theory
11. Stuart Hall
• audience as active participants
• All about encoding and decoding
• producer does encoding ( constructs meaning through technical devices)
• -audience do the decoding (interpreting the meaning)
• quite often there is a difference between the producers intentions and the audience reads.
Hall states the audience can interpret texts in different ways:
1) preferred reading - as producer intended
2) negotiated reading - a combination of what producer intended but some oppositional
3) oppositional reading - a reading/ interpretation from the audience which is the opposite to what the producer
intended (because of their experience/knowledge)
• The idea is that every spectator has their own personal experience and knowledge and are able to
actively question or challenge a texts representation. Everyone's previous experience of media
texts and experience of the world shapes their interpretations of texts.
12. ALTMAN
• Genre also allows audiences to make choices about what products they want to consume through acceptance in
order to fulfil a particular pleasure.
• Theorist Rick Altman (1999) argues that
‘genre offers audiences ‘a set of pleasures’.
• can also be linked to Denis McQuail’s (1972) theory on ‘uses and gratifications’
What pleasures do you get from film genres?
Drama =
Action =
Thriller/Horror =
Do we get any other pleasures do we get from film?
13. USE & GRATIFICATION THEORY
McQuail
• USE = for people to use media texts
• GRATIFICATION = people get gratification from using media texts
(Gratification = satisfaction, indulgence, fulfilment, delight, pleasure)
• Basically, ‘uses & gratifications’ theory is a theory that
argues that media texts are made to satisfy the needs and
desires of it’s audience.
4 categories
• Information – to need to learn/gain info
• Entertainment – the need to be entertained
• Personal identity - need to reinforce sense of self)
• Social interaction - desire to create discussion about the txt
14. USE & GRATIFICATION THEORY
• Why do people use/seek the media?
INFORMATION PERSONAL
IDENTITY
INTEGRATION &
SOCIAL
INTERACTION
ENTERTAINMENT
-finding out about relevant
events and conditions in
immediate surroundings,
society and the world
-seeking advice on practical
matters or opinion and
decision choices
-satisfying curiosity and
general interest
-learning; self-education
-gaining a sense of security
through knowledge
-finding reinforcement for
personal values
-finding models of behaviour
-identifying with valued
other (in the media)
-gaining insight into one's
self
-gaining insight into
circumstances of others;
social empathy
-identifying with others and
gaining a sense of
belonging
-finding a basis for
conversation and social
interaction
-having a substitute for real-
life companionship
-helping to carry out social
roles
-enabling one to connect
with family, friends and
society
-escaping, or being diverted,
from problems
-relaxing
-getting intrinsic
(basic/essential) cultural or
aesthetic enjoyment
-filling time
-emotional release
15. Effects theory
• Pg 92/93 in revision book
Effects
theory
Hypodermic
needle
model
Two
step
flow
cultivation
16. Hyperdermic needle model
• Sees audiences as passive as if images/idea
are being 'injected' into the viewers mind and
influenced by what they watch.
• However, it's an outdated view as audiences
are believed to take an active role in their
viewing.
17. Two step flow
• Refines the basic effects theory model
• Assumes a more active audience who will
discuss media texts together
• If text is discussed or taught with someone
‘respected’ then we may be passive enough to
accept their received views. (believe their
opinions)
• Just think of how influential someone can be!
18. Cultivation
• Difficult to prove effects (of media texts) on
individuals
• This is a more refined version of effects theory
• A single text does not have much effect, but
repeated exposure will make audience less
sensitive which is called ‘desensitised’
• For example
– Many films have been banned in the past which are
then shown years later
• This is because social attitudes and expectations
have changed
19. Reception Theory
• Pg 94/95
Hall’s theory is under this
-active audiences who think for themselves
-challenge ideas and texts
-text doesn’t have a single meaning
-texts are interpretative
-tries to understand the reasons why people interpret messages differently
-there are drawbacks/problems to theory however….
Dominant/hegemonic reading
– the reader shares the programme’s codes* and accepts the preferred
meaning
*Code – the meaning system of values/attitudes/beliefs/assumptions – remember ‘dominant ideology’?
20. Revision notes
Theorist/theory Coursework ex 1
Camera/filming
Coursework ex 2
editing
Coursework ex 3
MES
Hall – encoding/decoding
-preferred/negotiated/oppositional
Producer:
Audience: