The document provides an overview of business research, including defining what research is, the importance of research for managers, and the typical research process. It discusses key concepts like the different types of business research, problem formulation, research design, data collection and analysis, and how to structure a research report. Conducting thorough research is important for managers to solve problems, make informed decisions, understand competition and risks, and invest resources effectively. The scientific process typically involves observation, problem identification, developing a theoretical framework, generating hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, interpretation, and implementation.

1. Business Research
PRESENTED BY ANGAYARKANNI

2.  1.1What is research?
Research is the process of finding
solutions to a problem after a
thorough study and analysis of
the situational factors.
 http://www.usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit01/infoage01_03.phtml
 http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&defl=en&q=define:research&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition
&ct=title
1 Introduction to Research

3. 1.2.What is business research?
 Research provides the needed
information that guides managers to
make informed decisions to
successfully deal with problems.
 The information provided could be
the result of a careful analysis of data
gathered firsthand or of data that are
already available (in the company).

4. 1.3.Types of Business
research.
 1.Applied research
 Is to solve a current problem faced by the manager in the work
setting,demanding a timely solution.
 2.Basic research (fundamental, pure)
 Is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to comprehend how certain
problems that occur in organizations can be solved.
 The findings of such research contribute to the building of knowledge in the
various functional areas of business.

5. 1.4. Why is it important for managers
to know about research?
 Solve problems
 Decision making tool
 Competition
 Risk
 Investment
 Hire researchers and consultants
more effectively

6. 2 Scientific Investigation
 1 Observation
 2 Identification of problem area
 3 Theoretical framework
 4 Hypotheses
 5 Research design
 6 Data collection
 7 Data analysis
 8 Data interpretation
 9 Implementation

7. The seven-step process in
the Hypothetico-Deductive
method
 1 Observation
 2 Problem identification
 preliminary information gathering
 3 Theoretical framework
 theory formulation
 4 Hypothesizing
 5 Research design
 further scientific data collection
 6 logical analysis
 7 Deduction

8. The seven-step process
 problem statement is a clear, precise, and succinct statement of the
question or issue that is to be investigated with the goal of finding
an answer or solution.
 Theoretical framework is the foundation on which the entire research
project is based.It is logically developed,described,and elaborated
network of associations among the variables relevant to the problem
situation.
 A hypothesis is a tentative statement that proposes a possible
explanation to some phenomenon or event. A useful hypothesis is a
testable statement which may include a prediction. A hypotheses
should not be confused with a theory.
 Data analysis: the data gathered are statistically analyzed to see if the
hypotheses that were generated have been supported.
 Measurement is the process observing and recording the observations
that are collected as part of a research effort.
 Deduction is the process of arriving at conclusions by interpreting the
meaning of the data analysis results.

9. Problem Formulation
 "Well begun is half done" --Aristotle, quoting an old
proverb
 Where do research topics come from?
 The idea for a research project?
 one of the most common sources of research ideas is the
experience of practical problems in the field?
 The Literature Review

10. Levels of Measurement
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php

11. The Research Cycle
 The Research Cycle
 http://questioning.org/rcycle.html
QUESTIONING
PLANNING
GATHERING
SORTING & SIFTING
SYNTHESIZING
EVALUATING
REPORTING*
 http://questioning.org/module/cycle.html
 Research Project?
 http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/research.html

12. Information needs in business
 Almost every organization has to engage in research at some level to stay
competitive.
 Companies gather data both from within and outside the organization.
 The methods used to gather,analyze,and synthesize information from the
external and internal environments are becoming increasingly sophisticated
to the immense scope of computer technology.

13. Computer Technology and
Business
ICT
 Information
 Communication
 Technology
 http://tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_what_is_ict.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ict/implications/0moralandsocialissuesrev1.shtml

14. The research process
 1 Observation
 2 Data gathering
 3 Problem definition
 4 Theoretical framework (variables identified)
 5 Hypotheses
 6 Research design
 7 Data collection,analysis,interpretation
 8 Deduction
 9 Report writing
 10 Report presentation
 11 Managerial decision making

15. Research design
 Purpose of the study:
 Exploratory study
 Is undertaken when no information is available on how similar
problems or research issues have been solved in the past
 Descriptive study
 Is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a
situation.
 Hypotheses testing
 Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable or to
predict organizational outcomes.
 Case studies
 Research design can be thought of as the structure of research --
it is the "glue" that holds all of the elements in a research project
together

16. Measurement
 The rating scale
 Have several response catagories
 Likert scale is designed o exermine how strongly subject
agree or disagree with statements on a 5-point scale
 Ranking scale
 Are used to tap preferences between two or more objects or
items
 Goodness of measure : reliability,validity

17. Data collection methods
 Data can be collected in a variety ways ,data sources can
be primary or secondary.
 Data collection methods such as:
 interview(face-to-face,telephone,computer-assisted
interviews),
 Questionaires
 Observation
 Motivational techniques

18. Sampling
 A sample is a subset of the population.
 Sample is the process of selecting a sufficient
number of elements from the population.
 Studying a sample rather the entire population is
sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly
because fatigue is reduced,resulting in fewer errors
on collection data. (time, cost,human resources)
 Surveys are useful and powerful in finding answers
to research question but if data are not collected
from the people or objects that can provide the
correct answers to solve the problem, the survey
will be in vain.

19. Data Analysis and Interpretation
 The data analysis involves three major steps,
done in roughly this order:
 Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis
(Data Preparation)
 Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics)
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdes
c.php
 Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential
Statistics)

20. Descriptive Statistics
 Descriptive statistics
 provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures.
 Central Tendency. The central tendency of a distribution is an estimate of the
"center" of a distribution of values. There are three major types of estimates of
central tendency:
 Mean is the most common-used measure of data tendency.=average.
 Median is the middle value , when the data is arranged in numerical order.
 Mode is the value ( number) that appears the most.
 Dispersion (Range, Standard Diviation)refers to the spread of the values around the
central tendency
 Inferential statistics
 t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA),
regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more
variables.
 we use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an
observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make
inferences from our data to more general conditions;
 we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data.

21. Statistics methods
 Central tendency
 Exercise
 http://www.quia.com/rr/51667.html
 http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/Math/mean/Pmeasure.htm
 http://www.fortunecity.com/greenfield/grizzly/432/Research.htm
 http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statdesc.php

22. The Research Report
 Researh proposal
 Research report
 Research presentation

23. Research report articles vary in how they are
organized, :
 Abstract - Brief summary of the contents of the article
 Introduction - A explanation of the purpose of the study, a statement of the
research question(s) the study intends to address
 Literature review - A critical assessment of the work done so far on this
topic, to show how the current study relates to what has already been done
 Methods - How the study was carried out (e.g. instruments or equipment,
procedures, methods to gather and analyze data)
 Results - What was found in the course of the study
 Discussion - What do the results mean
 Conclusion - State the conclusions and implications of the results, and
discuss how it relates to the work reviewed in the literature review; also,
point to directions for further work in the area
 http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/tut/litrev/thelitrev.html

24. Research Proposal
 Title Page
 Abstract (on a separate single page)
 The Body (no page breaks between sections in the body)
 Introduction (2-3 pages)
 Methods (7-10 pages)
 Sample (1 page)
 Measures (2-3 pages)
 Design (2-3 pages)
 Procedures (2-3 pages)
 Results (2-3 pages)
 Conclusions (1-2 pages)
 References
 Tables (one to a page)
 Figures (one to a page)
 Appendices
 Sample Paper http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampaper.php
 http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/guideelements.php
 Formatting http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/formatting.php

25. Student Presentation
 http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/2008/04/22
/entry-2
 http://blog.spu.ac.th/readmore/gallery/394
 http://dekkid.blogspot.com/search?q=business+res
earch

26. Question?
 How can you solve business problem?
 Why do you need to know how to write the research
proposal?
 Do you understand the research process?
 Do you know why do you have to identify problem
statement clearly before doing research?
 Do you know why sampling and statistics are
important to the research result?
 Why do you have to identify the limitation of your
study?
 Why the research report and presentation are
important?
 Do you know how to apply the steps of the research
process ?

27. Questions
 1.If you want to set up a coffee shop near the
university and school, what is your research topic?
 2.Identify the problem statement.
 3.Identify the objectives
 4.The hypotheses
 5. The research methodology.
 6. The examples of the questionaireใ