The document discusses attitudes and methods for measuring attitudes. It defines attitudes as having three components: cognitive, affective, and conative. Two common methods for measuring attitudes are discussed: self-report inventories and Likert scales. A Likert scale involves presenting statements and asking participants to rate their level of agreement on a scale. It provides an example of a Likert scale measuring attitudes toward science class. Scoring of Likert scales is also explained. Advantages of attitude scales include allowing anonymous responses from students to get their real feelings and gather useful feedback for course revisions.

1. 1
Human Development
04/02/17 Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

2. Md. Mehadi Rahman
Roll: 16-589
18th
Batch
Evaluation and Educational Research(EER)
IER
University of Dhaka

3. Attitude
• Attitudes are fundamental determinants of our perceptions
of, and actions toward all aspects of our social
environment. Attitudes involve a complex organization of
evaluative beliefs, feelings and tendencies toward certain
actions.
• A predisposition or tendency to respond positively or
negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or
situation.
• Attitude can be defined as our response to people, places,
things, or events in life. It can be referred to as a person's
viewpoint, mindset, beliefs, etc.
• In psychology, an attitude is an expression of favor or
disfavor toward a person, place, thing, or event (the
attitude object).04/02/17 3
Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

4. Components of Attitude
• There are three major components of attitude.
1. Cognitive: This represents our thoughts, beliefs and ideas
about something. such as 'all teenagers are lazy,' or 'all babies
are cute.'
2. Affective: This component deals with feelings or emotions
that are brought to the surface about something, such as
‘someone might have the attitude that they hate teenagers
because they are lazy’ or that ‘they love all babies because
they are cute.’
3. Conative: This can also be called the behavioral component
and centers on individuals acting a certain way towards
something, such as 'we better keep those lazy teenagers out
of the library,' or 'I cannot wait to kiss that baby.'04/02/17 4Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

5. Attitude Measurement
• Attitude measurement is a very useful way of self-
report inventories in the classroom.
• Attitudes are important in two cases:
1.They may be instructional outcomes in their own
right. ( e. g, Scientific attitude)
2.Measurement of students’ attitude toward certain
classroom activities, the textbook, laboratory
experiences, or teachers own instructions.
• Some information concerning attitude can be
discovered by observation.04/02/17 5Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

6. Attitude Measurement(Cont.)
• A simple self-report device for measuring
attitude is listing the activities or statements the
students are expected to respond to and then
devising some simple means of responding.
• The direction can be given orally and repeated
for each activity as follows: “Put an X in the
box under the face that tells how you feel about
counting.”
04/02/17 6Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

7. Fig: Teacher made form for measuring attitude toward
mathematics activities at the lower primary level.
Things we do I like a lot

It’s ok Don’t like it

Counting
Adding
Subtracting
Story Problems
Math games
Drawing shapes
Measuring
Telling time
04/02/17 7Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

8. Attitude Measurement(Cont.)
• Another simple and widely used self-report method
for measuring attitude is to list clearly favorable or
unfavorable attitude statements and to ask the
students to respond to each statement on the
following 5 point scale:
 Strongly agree (SA)
 Agree (A)
 Undecided (U)
 Disagree (D)
 Strongly disagree (SD)
This is called Likert Scale.04/02/17 8Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

9. Construction of Likert Scale
1. Write a series of statements expressing positive and negative
opinions toward some attitude object.
2. Select the best statements (at least 10), with a balance of positive and
negative opinions and edit as needed.
3. List the statements, mixing up the positive and negative, and put the
letters of the 5-point scale (SD, D, U, A, SA) to the left of each
statement for easy marking.
4. Add the directions telling students how to mark their answers and
include a key at the top of the page if letters are used for each
statement. (SD, D, U, A, SA)
5. Some prefer to drop undecided category so that respondents will be
forced to show agreement or disagreement. Others have expanded the
scale by adding the categories slightly agree and slightly disagree.
04/02/17 9Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

10. Fig: Likert scale for measuring attitude toward a science course.
Statements SD D U A SA
1. Science classes are interesting.
2. I am not very enthusiastic about science.
3. Class activities are good.
4. Most class activities are monotonous.
5. It is fun working on science problems.
6. The problems we are studying are unimportant.
7. Reading the textbook is a waste of time.
8. I enjoy reading the textbook.
9. Science laboratory is dull and boring.
10. The laboratory experiments are interesting.
04/02/17 10Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

11. Scoring of a Likert Scale
• The scoring of a likert scale is based on assigning
weights from 1 to 5 for each position on the scale.
• Favorable statements are weighted 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 going
from SD to SA.
• Unfavorable statements have these weights reversed.
Thus, they are weighted 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 going from SD to
SA.
• An individuals total score on this type of scale is the
sum of scores on all items, with the higher score
indicating a more favorable attitude.
04/02/17 11Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

12. Fig: Likert scale for measuring attitude toward a science course.
Statements SD D U A SA
1. Science classes are interesting. 1 2 3 4 5
2. I am not very enthusiastic about science. 5 4 3 2 1
3. Class activities are good. 1 2 3 4 5
4. Most class activities are monotonous. 5 4 3 2 1
5. It is fun working on science problems. 1 2 3 4 5
6. The problems we are studying are unimportant. 5 4 3 2 1
7. Reading the textbook is a waste of time. 5 4 3 2 1
8. I enjoy reading the textbook. 1 2 3 4 5
9. Science laboratory is dull and boring. 5 4 3 2 1
10. The laboratory experiments are interesting. 1 2 3 4 5
04/02/17 12Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

13. Advantages Attitude Scale
• It is usually best to ask for anonymous responses.
This will indicate how students in the class feel about
the course.
 Anonymous responses provide greater assurance that
the replies will reflect the students’ real feelings.
 Separate scales can be used to find out students view
about various activities. These information is useful
in making course revisions.
 Students attitude towards teachers instruction can
help him to make adjustments he needed.
04/02/17 13Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

14. Conclusion
• In interpreting the results of attitude scales, it is
important to keep in mind that these are verbal
expressions of feelings and opinions that individuals
are willing to report.
• Even under the ideal condition, it is wise to
supplement attitudes determined by self-report
methods with evidence from other sources. Such as, if
favorable attitudes toward students with disabilities
are reported, this might be checked by observing how
students interact with students disabilities in the
classroom.04/02/17 14Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU

15. Thank you all
04/02/17 15Md. Mehadi Rahman,18th, EER, IER, DU