A study on senior nursing students attitude and practice on infection control of vital signs equipment.

1. Treesha Llen C. Gayoso
Eric Lorenz C. Josue
Janelene Joy A. Lujan
Christy Anne L. Ocate
Zea Maize S. Suarez
Ryan Michael F.
Oducado

2. 2 million
patients suffer
from HAIs
annually
15% of all
hospitalized
patients suffer
from nosocomial
infections
Emily and Sydnor, (2011) Reed and Kemmerly,
(2009)
Background
in the
Philippines 28%
of patients in
public hospitals
developed HAIs
Vergeire-Dalmacion, Itable
and Baja (2016)

3. Staphylococcus Aureu
E coli
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Enterococcus Faecalis
Studies have shown that vital signs
equipment harbors microorganism
that are potentially infectious and
pathogenic which may result to
indirect cross-contamination
Schoon & Sudoma (2013)
Uneke & Ijeoma (2011)
Uneke, Ogbonna, Oyibo & Onu (2010)
Uneke, Ndukwe, Nwakpu, Nnabu,
Ugwuoru & Prasopa-Plaizier (2013)
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

4. Attitude toward infection control
has been identified to be a factor
influencing compliance on
infection control practice (Ward,
2012).
Guidelines on the timing in
cleaning or disinfection of vital
signs equipment, especially the
BP cuff are not very clear and
explicit.
Scarce studies investigated
among the nursing student
population

5. This study aimed to determine the
infection control attitude and
practices of vital signs equipment
among senior nursing students in
Iloilo City and whether or not
significant relationship existed
between the two variables.
General Objective

6. A descriptive cross-
sectional method of
investigation was
employed among 202
randomly selected senior
nursing students from
six (6) Colleges of Nursing
in Iloilo City.
Design, Sampling and Participants

7. Researcher-made, self-
administered survey
questionnaire
Instrument
Face and content validation to
a panel of four (4) jurors who
were experts in the field of
infection control
Cronbach’s alpha coefficient
ranging .811 to .823.

8. Permission to conduct
study
Written informed consent
secured
Questionnaires distributed
Data Analysis
Data Gathering Procedure

9. Mean
Pearson r. Level of significance was set at .05 alpha.
Standard
Deviation
Frequency
count Percentage
Rank
Statistical Tools
Pearson’s r

10. Attitude toward infection control of vital signs equipment of senior
nursing students
Category M SD Description Rank
Perceived Benefit 4.54 0.49
Positive
Attitude
1
Perceived
Seriousness
4.41 0.50
Positive
Attitude
2
Self-efficacy 4.37 0.50
Positive
Attitude
3
Perceived
Susceptibility
4.31 0.58
Positive
Attitude
4
Perceived Barrier 3.95 0.82
Positive
Attitude
5
Cues to Action 3.81 0.63
Positive
Attitude
6
Composite Attitude 4.23 0.43 Positive Attitude
The findings are consistent with the result of previous studies that found positive
attitudes on handwashing among Jordanian nursing students and favorable
attitude towards prevention of HAIs was reported among nursing students in
Nepal(Darawad, Al-Hussami, Almhairat and Al-Sutari, 2012;Paudel, Ghosh &
Adhikar (2016).

11. Self-report infection control of vital signs equipment after each patient
use
of senior nursing students
Almost
Never
Rarely
Sometime
s
Often
Almost
Always
f % f % f % f % f %
BP apparatus 6 3.0 21 10.
4
59 29.2 79 39.1 37 18.3
Stethoscope 2 1.0 7 3.5 32 15.8 86 42.6 75 37.1
Thermometer 1 .5 - - 6 3.0 35 17.3 160 79.2
Self-report infection control of vital signs equipment every after clinical
duty
of senior nursing students
Similarly, lapses in good infection control practices were also evident in the literature
among nurses and nursing student population (Wu, Gardner & Chang, 2009; Gould,
2013; Uneke & colleagues, 2013; Schoon & Sudoma, 2013).
Almost
Never
Rarely
Sometime
s
Often
Almost
Always
f % f % f % f % f %
BP apparatus 7 3.5 20 9.9 59 29.2 70 34.7 46 22.8
Stethoscope 0 0 9 4.5 39 19.3 77 38.1 77 38.1
Thermometer 0 0 1 0.5 12 5.9 31 15.3 158 78.2

12. Infection control practice of vital signs equipment of fellow nursing
students
every after each patient use
Almost
Never
Rarely
Sometim
es
Often
Almost
Always
f % f % f % f % f %
BP apparatus 15 7.4 50 24.8 70 34.7 48 23.8 19 9.4
Stethoscope 6 3.0 39 19.3 70 34.7 52 25.7 35 17.3
Thermometer 2 1.0 9 4.5 26 12.9 52 25.7 113 55.9
Infection control practice of vital signs equipment of fellow nursing
students
every after clinical duty
Almost
Never
Rarely
Sometime
s
Often
Almost
Always
f % f % f % f % f %
BP apparatus 14 6.9 38 18.8 73 36.1 54 26.
7
23 11.4
Stethoscope 3 1.5 29 14.4 68 33.7 63 31.
2
39 19.3
Thermometer 1 0.5 14 6.9 31 15.3 48 23. 108 53.5

13. Practice of handwashing before
handling vital signs equipment
Yes No
f % f %
Blood Pressure Apparatus 176 87.1 26 12.9
Stethoscope 174 86.1 28 13.9
Thermometer 183 90.6 19 9.4
While compliance rate on handwashing was found to be above 50
percent of the samples on related studies among nursing students in
Saudi and Norway, there are still those who fail to perform handwashing
consistently (Cruz & Bashtawi, 2016; Colet, Cruz, Alotaibi, Colet & Islam, 2017;
Sundal, Aune, Storvig, Aasland, Fieldsaeter & Torjuul, 2017).

14. r
p-
value
Interpretati
on
Self-report and
observation infection
control practice
. 562 .000 Significant
Correlation between self-report and observed
extent of infection practice of vital signs
equipment
This finding supports Albert Bandura’s Social Learning
Theory (1977). It can be said that when nursing students
observe their fellow classmates disinfect their vital signs
equipment, they tend to take the initiative in also
disinfecting their own vital signs equipment.

15. r
p-
value
Interpretati
on
Attitude and infection
control practice
. 328 .000 Significant
Correlation between infection control attitude
and practice of vital signs equipment
The result of this study supports the Health Belief Model
(Rosenstock, 1974) in explaining how personal beliefs or
attitudes influence certain behavior like practice of infection
control towards vital signs equipment.

16. Reasons for Non-disnfection of Vital Signs Care
Equipment f % Ran
k
Forgetfulness 156 77.2 1
Laziness to do the disinfection process 117 57.9 2
No time to perform disinfection 89 44.1 3
Unreported consequences of non-compliance to
disinfection
63 31.2 4
Ignorance to disinfection practices 58 28.7 5
Indifferent attitude towards disinfection practices 53 26.2 6
Clinical Instructor not monitoring infection control
practice
49 24.3 7
Lack of research on disinfection practice 41 20.3 8
Absence of documentary guidelines on disinfection
practices
30 14.9 9
Ignorance on the part of the patients 28 13.9 10
Absence of continuous education on disinfection
practices
26 12.9 11
Lack of awareness about disinfection practices 25 12.4 12
Clinical instructors not requiring students to do so 24 11.9 13
18 8.9 14
Cruz & Bashtawi, 2016; Colet, Cruz, Alotaibi, Colet & Islam, 2017; Sundal, Aune, Storvig, Aasland, Fieldsaeter &
Torjuul, 2017

17. LAPSES on
excellent or
optimal infection
control practice, a
PATIENT SAFETY
ISSUE
ATTITUDE
influences
PRACTICESINTRINSIC and
EXTRINSIC
factors
contribute to
noncompliance
to good
infection control
practice
Conclusions

18. Give constant reminders and
reinforcement
Model good behaviors of disinfection
Cultivating a supportive environment
that adheres to strict infection control
practice
Develop clear guidelines and policies
Create awareness on good infection
control practice
Recommendations

19. World
Health
Organizatio
n