Background: Nosocomial Infection is a localized or systemic infection acquired at any health care facility including hospitals by a patient admitted for any reason other than the pathology present during admission. Including an infection acquired in a healthcare facility that manifest 48 hours after the patient's admission or discharge. Objective: Themain aim of this study is toassess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practice of ICU health personnel with regards to the spread of nosocomial infections. Methodology: A cross-sectional and facility based study was conducted from March to November 2016 at King Khalid hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. By adopting convenience technique, 50 subjects had been recruited to participate in this study. Results: 62% of respondentswere female. The mean age was 29 years. Concerning educational status, 54% of the participants have Bsc. professionally most of them (48%) were nurses. 60% of the participants have less than three year working experience in ICU.86% of them highlighted that hands must be washed with soap and water or even rubbed with alcohol before contacting with patients. Additionally, the result reveals that employees who had master degree or above displayed higher mean knowledge scores as compared to the other two groups (diploma or less & bachelor) (0.7147 & 4.6656) respectively. High significant statistical differences were found between the three academic groups in relation to sharp devices, personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns &masks), care of intravenous infusion therapy, central line care and urinary catheter care (F=4.594, F=7.982, F=5.539, F=4.471, F=15.310, F=4.345) respectively at p < 0.05. Recommendation & conclusion: Health workers in ICU (King Khalid hospital) showed adequate knowledge and faire attitude regarding universal precautions
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION) AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WAH CANTT
Journal Club presentation in Nursing ResearchDhara Vyas
Journal presentation in Nursing Research,
Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic
Covid-19
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
samples
Analysis
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
VAP is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Lack of knowledge on VAP is highly influenced on incidence of VAP. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding VAP among the staff nurses working in the intensive care unit. Methods: Non-experimental cross sectional research design was used with 50 samples at selected hospital. The tool used for the study to collect the data was demographic variables and structured multiple choice questionnaires regarding VAP. Data was collected by self-administered method. Results: Out of 50 samples, 38 (76%) had adequate knowledge, seven (14%) had moderately adequate knowledge and five (10%) had inadequate knowledge and there was no significant association with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that there was no cent percent adequate knowledge on VAP. Organize regular and periodical continuing nursing education or on the job training on ventilator associated pneumonia for Staff nurses working in the intensive care unit to impart knowledge.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION) AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WAH CANTT
Journal Club presentation in Nursing ResearchDhara Vyas
Journal presentation in Nursing Research,
Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic
Covid-19
Abstract
Introduction
Methodology
samples
Analysis
Occupational exposure to blood & body fluids among the nursing staff in a ter...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
VAP is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Lack of knowledge on VAP is highly influenced on incidence of VAP. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge regarding VAP among the staff nurses working in the intensive care unit. Methods: Non-experimental cross sectional research design was used with 50 samples at selected hospital. The tool used for the study to collect the data was demographic variables and structured multiple choice questionnaires regarding VAP. Data was collected by self-administered method. Results: Out of 50 samples, 38 (76%) had adequate knowledge, seven (14%) had moderately adequate knowledge and five (10%) had inadequate knowledge and there was no significant association with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that there was no cent percent adequate knowledge on VAP. Organize regular and periodical continuing nursing education or on the job training on ventilator associated pneumonia for Staff nurses working in the intensive care unit to impart knowledge.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
11th International Conference on Healthcare, Nursing and Disease Management (HNDM), 21-22 Sept, 2016, London
Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus | London SW7 2AZd
Email: info@iaphlsr.com
http://www.iaphlsr.com
A Study Regarding Knowledge of Anti Biotic Resistance among Engineering Stude...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modaliti...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION Airway management includes a set of maneuvers and medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. Due to obstruction in the airway the life of the individual is in danger so use of airway management modalities will help to save the individual’s life. These modalities ensures an open pathway which provide breath to the lungs through the atmospheric air and mechanical support to secure life. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge on airway management among Nursing student. The main objectives of study were to assess the knowledge on airway management modalities and to associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. A Quantitative research approach with Descriptive research design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding airway management modalities. A sample of 60nursing students were selected by convenient sampling technique. structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the sample . Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objective of the study RESULT The result of the study shows that out of 60 samples 13 21.66 having good knowledge 45 75.3 having average knowledge and 2 3.33 having poor knowledge regarding airway management modalities. with regard to mean and standard deviation of knowledge shows 17.3 and 3.92 respectively. CONCLUSION The study concludes that, the knowledge level of students regarding airway management modalities associated airway management is average, the study suggest that proper teaching and adequate training on airway management will be helpful for the students to gain knowledge. Mr. Pradip Kumar Mishra | Mr. Raghavendran M "A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modalities among Nursing Student at Selected Nursing, College Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45205.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45205/a-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-airway-management-modalities-among-nursing-student-at-selected-nursing-college-kanpur/mr-pradip-kumar-mishra
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Mobile Phone Hygiene among Healthc...Premier Publishers
AIM: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers regarding mobile phone hygiene in Riyadh Elm University. METHODS: A total of 153 respondents completed the questionnaire. A 26 variable questionnaire was employed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mobile phone hygiene amongst health care workers after obtaining consent and institutional permission. RESULTS: A response rate of 92.8% resulted in 153 questionnaires to be assessed. The study results showed that 62.5% of the respondents used mobile phones regularly, for professional or personal use and 82.4% of them considered mobile phones as a source of nosocomial infection. 90.2% of them opined that they would clean their mobile phones regularly following the COVID 19 (Coronavirus) infection. CONCLUSION: Easily available disinfectant materials must be employed in health care settings to disinfect mobile phone. Educational interventional programs must be advocated to ensure proper phone hygiene.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among ...home
Majority of the medical students were familiar with the CAM methods widely used in Turkey, while
most of them had positive attitudes towards CAM as well as willingness to receive training on the subject, and they
were likely to recommend CAM methods to their patients in their future professional lives. With its gradual scientific
development and increasing popularity, there appears a need for a coordinated policy in integrating CAM into the
medical curriculum, by taking expectations of and feedback from medical students into consideration in setting
educational standards
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing S...ijtsrd
Topic A study to assess the Knowledge, And Practice of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in different department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh. Background of the study Health care associated infections persist as amajor problem in health care settings especially Intensive Care Units. Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective method for the prevention of these healthcare associated infections. So, assess the reported hand hygiene practices and observing is very much important to find out gaps, plan remedial measure to reduce HAIs. Hand hygiene practice is still burdened by inadequate compliance, whether in the professional sphere by health professionals or in the non professional sphere by lay population Aims of the study A. To assess the hand hygiene practices among nurses B. To assess the reason for non compliance. Material and method This study was conducted in different department of Fatima hospital. It was an observational, study50 different professional categories nurses were taken for observational study, 50 for assess the reported hand hygiene practices. Questionnaire and observation tool were used for data collection. Result The study revealed that there is a corelation between the knowledge and the practices of hand hygiene among the nurses. The overall observed compliance was 58 50 nurses included in observation study, 308 number of opportunities are given only 180opportunities of hand hygiene being performed . The BSc nurses shows higher compliance rate 93.4 . The GNM nurses show 64 and the ANM show low rate 60 . The reported hand hygiene compliance among Questionnaire given to50 Nurses they were may or may not be included in observation study . Conclusion There were two studies conducted by the investigator. The observational study and reported study. The observational study shows that the overall hand hygiene compliance was58 and the reported study give more than 93.4 of compliance among different categories of nurses. The investigator found that the overall observed hand hygiene compliance among nurses was 58.4 , from that BSC Nurses have performed better. They reported the reason for noncompliance was that they were too busy 64 . Sister Ancy Varghese | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs. Ramanpreet Kaur "A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in Different Department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47804.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47804/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-of-hand-hygiene-among-nursing-staff-in-different-department-of-the-hospitals-in-uttar-pradesh/sister-ancy-varghese
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
11th International Conference on Healthcare, Nursing and Disease Management (HNDM), 21-22 Sept, 2016, London
Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus | London SW7 2AZd
Email: info@iaphlsr.com
http://www.iaphlsr.com
A Study Regarding Knowledge of Anti Biotic Resistance among Engineering Stude...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modaliti...ijtsrd
INTRODUCTION Airway management includes a set of maneuvers and medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction. Due to obstruction in the airway the life of the individual is in danger so use of airway management modalities will help to save the individual’s life. These modalities ensures an open pathway which provide breath to the lungs through the atmospheric air and mechanical support to secure life. The study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge on airway management among Nursing student. The main objectives of study were to assess the knowledge on airway management modalities and to associate the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. A Quantitative research approach with Descriptive research design was used to evaluate the knowledge regarding airway management modalities. A sample of 60nursing students were selected by convenient sampling technique. structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the sample . Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objective of the study RESULT The result of the study shows that out of 60 samples 13 21.66 having good knowledge 45 75.3 having average knowledge and 2 3.33 having poor knowledge regarding airway management modalities. with regard to mean and standard deviation of knowledge shows 17.3 and 3.92 respectively. CONCLUSION The study concludes that, the knowledge level of students regarding airway management modalities associated airway management is average, the study suggest that proper teaching and adequate training on airway management will be helpful for the students to gain knowledge. Mr. Pradip Kumar Mishra | Mr. Raghavendran M "A Study to Assess the Level of Knowledge Regarding Airway Management Modalities among Nursing Student at Selected Nursing, College Kanpur" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45205.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45205/a-study-to-assess-the-level-of-knowledge-regarding-airway-management-modalities-among-nursing-student-at-selected-nursing-college-kanpur/mr-pradip-kumar-mishra
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice towards Mobile Phone Hygiene among Healthc...Premier Publishers
AIM: To analyze the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers regarding mobile phone hygiene in Riyadh Elm University. METHODS: A total of 153 respondents completed the questionnaire. A 26 variable questionnaire was employed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding mobile phone hygiene amongst health care workers after obtaining consent and institutional permission. RESULTS: A response rate of 92.8% resulted in 153 questionnaires to be assessed. The study results showed that 62.5% of the respondents used mobile phones regularly, for professional or personal use and 82.4% of them considered mobile phones as a source of nosocomial infection. 90.2% of them opined that they would clean their mobile phones regularly following the COVID 19 (Coronavirus) infection. CONCLUSION: Easily available disinfectant materials must be employed in health care settings to disinfect mobile phone. Educational interventional programs must be advocated to ensure proper phone hygiene.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing 1st Ye...YogeshIJTSRD
A quantitative descriptive study was undertaken to assess the level of Anxiety towards exposure to hospital environment among B.Sc. Nursing 1st year student at Apex College of Nursing, Varanasi, India. 100 students were selected through convenience sampling technique and data was collected by using beck anxiety inventory scale. Nursing 1st Year Students Regarding Exposure to Hospital Environment in Selected College of Nursing at Varanasi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45024.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45024/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-level-of-anxiety-among-bsc-nursing-1st-year-students-regarding-exposure-to-hospital-environment-in-selected-college-of-nursing-at-varanasi-india/ms-anushi
Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among ...home
Majority of the medical students were familiar with the CAM methods widely used in Turkey, while
most of them had positive attitudes towards CAM as well as willingness to receive training on the subject, and they
were likely to recommend CAM methods to their patients in their future professional lives. With its gradual scientific
development and increasing popularity, there appears a need for a coordinated policy in integrating CAM into the
medical curriculum, by taking expectations of and feedback from medical students into consideration in setting
educational standards
Knowledge and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine among ...
Similar to Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU Health Workers Regarding The Spread of Nosocomial Infections (King Khalid Hospital –Najran)
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing S...ijtsrd
Topic A study to assess the Knowledge, And Practice of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in different department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh. Background of the study Health care associated infections persist as amajor problem in health care settings especially Intensive Care Units. Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective method for the prevention of these healthcare associated infections. So, assess the reported hand hygiene practices and observing is very much important to find out gaps, plan remedial measure to reduce HAIs. Hand hygiene practice is still burdened by inadequate compliance, whether in the professional sphere by health professionals or in the non professional sphere by lay population Aims of the study A. To assess the hand hygiene practices among nurses B. To assess the reason for non compliance. Material and method This study was conducted in different department of Fatima hospital. It was an observational, study50 different professional categories nurses were taken for observational study, 50 for assess the reported hand hygiene practices. Questionnaire and observation tool were used for data collection. Result The study revealed that there is a corelation between the knowledge and the practices of hand hygiene among the nurses. The overall observed compliance was 58 50 nurses included in observation study, 308 number of opportunities are given only 180opportunities of hand hygiene being performed . The BSc nurses shows higher compliance rate 93.4 . The GNM nurses show 64 and the ANM show low rate 60 . The reported hand hygiene compliance among Questionnaire given to50 Nurses they were may or may not be included in observation study . Conclusion There were two studies conducted by the investigator. The observational study and reported study. The observational study shows that the overall hand hygiene compliance was58 and the reported study give more than 93.4 of compliance among different categories of nurses. The investigator found that the overall observed hand hygiene compliance among nurses was 58.4 , from that BSC Nurses have performed better. They reported the reason for noncompliance was that they were too busy 64 . Sister Ancy Varghese | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs. Ramanpreet Kaur "A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in Different Department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47804.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47804/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-of-hand-hygiene-among-nursing-staff-in-different-department-of-the-hospitals-in-uttar-pradesh/sister-ancy-varghese
Running head hand hygiene compliance1hand hygiene compliance8.docxwlynn1
Running head: hand hygiene compliance1
hand hygiene compliance8Hand Hygiene Education Implementation and Nurses Compliance in Reducing Nosocomial Infections
Grand Canyon University NRS-490
March 31, 2019
Background
Hygiene is a very crucial factor in prevention of infection in any health care facility. Also, compliance of handwashing ensures patients safety, aids in the treatment and recovery of hospitalized patients. Hand hygiene is important action performed by healthcare works to prevent transmission of healthcare associated infection (Smiddy, O’Connell & Creedon, 2015). Health care professionals such as doctors, nurses, physical therapist and laboratory technicians, take the responsibility of providing efficient, effective and quality care that will improve the health of their patients.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the change proposal project components the author has been working on throughout the course. The goal of health care works rendering a quality, effective and efficient care to their patient in the health care setting will be difficult to achieve if the rate handwashing adherence is below expectation. Unclean healthcare environments harbor germs that can cause disease, thereby placing the patient at risk of developing infection instead of recovering from their present health condition. Healthcare providers inability to comply with hand hygiene is one the main reason patient develop hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Healthcare employees have the lives of patient in their hands therefore, hand hygiene should not by any means be neglected or dominated out in any healthcare facility.
Approximately 250 health care specialists in a Metro Detroit facility happened to be watched and assessed directly; prior to the start of the exercise, participants were selected based on their hand washing comprehension and compliance. Partakers expresses that they observed improvement on handwashing practices and that most nurses complied to hand washing guidelines evidenced by some significant reductions in the rate of transmission of HAIs within the healthcare facility. HAIs are the infections a patient acquire during the period of hospitalization. The result of the research showed a huge decrease in the spread of nosocomial infections due to progress of hand hygiene training and nurses’ compliance to handwashing protocols. These infections mostly manifest during or after 48 hours of admission or thirty days after discharge from the hospital or health-care facility. The author of this research study sees HAIs as a dangerous disease with many complications. Because inadequate handwashing practices by healthcare workers are the main cause of spread of hospital acquire infections, it is important to educate staff members on proper hand hygiene, implement plan to encourage hand hygiene compliance in the healthcare settings. Blood-stream, ulcers / surgical wounds, CAUTI and respiratory infections are the most common types of HA.
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa Distric...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.
Keywords: Infection, health workers, hand washing, Manafwa District
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa Distric...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.
Keywords: Infection, health workers, hand washing, Manafwa District
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES AMONG SURGEONS REGARDING CROSS INFECTION CONTROL PROC...Anil Haripriya
The study revealed good knowledge of infection control procedures but there were problems in practices of
sterilization. Most of them did not separate the needle from the syringe prior to disposal therefore needle
prick injuries were common. So more intensive and regular training programs to surgeons must be included
in the plans of quality control in all hospital and regular inspection from the ministry of health guarantees
good infection control practices
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Knolisandrai1k
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
From Cues to Nudge: A Knowledge-Based Framework
for Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Arash Shaban-Nejad1,2 & Hiroshi Mamiya2 & Alexandre Riazanov3 & Alan J. Forster4 &
Christopher J. O. Baker2,5 & Robyn Tamblyn2 & David L. Buckeridge2
Received: 3 June 2015 /Accepted: 30 September 2015 /Published online: 4 November 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract We propose an integrated semantic web framework
consisting of formal ontologies, web services, a reasoner and a
rule engine that together recommend appropriate level of
patient-care based on the defined semantic rules and guide-
lines. The classification of healthcare-associated infections
within the HAIKU (Hospital Acquired Infections – Knowl-
edge in Use) framework enables hospitals to consistently fol-
low the standards along with their routine clinical practice and
diagnosis coding to improve quality of care and patient safety.
The HAI ontology (HAIO) groups over thousands of codes
into a consistent hierarchy of concepts, along with relation-
ships and axioms to capture knowledge on hospital-associated
infections and complications with focus on the big four types,
surgical site infections (SSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI); hospital-acquired pneumonia, and blood
stream infection. By employing statistical inferencing in our
study we use a set of heuristics to define the rule axioms to
improve the SSI case detection. We also demonstrate how the
occurrence of an SSI is identified using semantic e-triggers.
The e-triggers will be used to improve our risk assessment of
post-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) for patients un-
dergoing certain type of surgeries (e.g., coronary artery bypass
graft surgery (CABG)).
Keywords Ontologies . Knowledge modeling .
Healthcare-associated infections . Surveillance . Semantic
framework . Surgical site infections
Introduction
Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) affect millions of
patients around the world, killing hundreds of thousands
and imposing, directly or indirectly, a significant socio-
economic burden on healthcare systems [1]. According
to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) [2], hospital-
acquired infections in the U.S., where the point preva-
lence of HAIs among hospitalized patients is 4 %, result
in an estimated 1.7 million infections, which lead to as
many as 99,000 deaths and cost up to $45 billion annually
[3, 4]. Similar or higher rates of HAI occur in other coun-
tries as well with an estimated 10.5 % of patients in Ca-
nadian hospitals having an HAI [5]. Clinical assessment
and laboratory testing are generally used to detect and
confirm an infection, identify its origin, and determine
appropriate infection control methods to stop the infection
from spreading within a healthcare institution. Failure to
monitor, and detect HAI in timely manner can delay di-
agnosis, leading to complications (e.g., sepsis), and
allowing an epid ...
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENTFrom Cues to Nudge A Kno.docxdeanmtaylor1545
SYSTEMS-LEVEL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
From Cues to Nudge: A Knowledge-Based Framework
for Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Arash Shaban-Nejad1,2 & Hiroshi Mamiya2 & Alexandre Riazanov3 & Alan J. Forster4 &
Christopher J. O. Baker2,5 & Robyn Tamblyn2 & David L. Buckeridge2
Received: 3 June 2015 /Accepted: 30 September 2015 /Published online: 4 November 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract We propose an integrated semantic web framework
consisting of formal ontologies, web services, a reasoner and a
rule engine that together recommend appropriate level of
patient-care based on the defined semantic rules and guide-
lines. The classification of healthcare-associated infections
within the HAIKU (Hospital Acquired Infections – Knowl-
edge in Use) framework enables hospitals to consistently fol-
low the standards along with their routine clinical practice and
diagnosis coding to improve quality of care and patient safety.
The HAI ontology (HAIO) groups over thousands of codes
into a consistent hierarchy of concepts, along with relation-
ships and axioms to capture knowledge on hospital-associated
infections and complications with focus on the big four types,
surgical site infections (SSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract
infection (CAUTI); hospital-acquired pneumonia, and blood
stream infection. By employing statistical inferencing in our
study we use a set of heuristics to define the rule axioms to
improve the SSI case detection. We also demonstrate how the
occurrence of an SSI is identified using semantic e-triggers.
The e-triggers will be used to improve our risk assessment of
post-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) for patients un-
dergoing certain type of surgeries (e.g., coronary artery bypass
graft surgery (CABG)).
Keywords Ontologies . Knowledge modeling .
Healthcare-associated infections . Surveillance . Semantic
framework . Surgical site infections
Introduction
Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs) affect millions of
patients around the world, killing hundreds of thousands
and imposing, directly or indirectly, a significant socio-
economic burden on healthcare systems [1]. According
to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) [2], hospital-
acquired infections in the U.S., where the point preva-
lence of HAIs among hospitalized patients is 4 %, result
in an estimated 1.7 million infections, which lead to as
many as 99,000 deaths and cost up to $45 billion annually
[3, 4]. Similar or higher rates of HAI occur in other coun-
tries as well with an estimated 10.5 % of patients in Ca-
nadian hospitals having an HAI [5]. Clinical assessment
and laboratory testing are generally used to detect and
confirm an infection, identify its origin, and determine
appropriate infection control methods to stop the infection
from spreading within a healthcare institution. Failure to
monitor, and detect HAI in timely manner can delay di-
agnosis, leading to complications (e.g., sepsis), and
allowing an epid.
Running head RESEARCH PAPER1RESEARCH PAPER15.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1
RESEARCH PAPER 15
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 2
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention in Blessings Healthcare Facility 4
The Problem 5
Significance of the problem 6
Purpose of this study 7
Research Questions 8
Masters Essentials aligned with the topic 8
Design 10
Literature Review 10
Methodology and the design of the study 13
Sampling Methods 14
Necessary tools 14
Any logarithm or flow map developed 15
Healthcare Facility 15
Implementation 15
Stage 1: Assessment of the current practices (One Week) 16
Stage 2: Identification of the factors leading to high cases of healthcare-acquired infection (5 days) 17
Stage 3: Pre-Training (Two Weeks) 17
Stage 4: Training (5 weeks) 17
Stage 5: an ongoing process of assessing the situation 18
Materials, activities and the cost 20
Results 21
Socio-demographics features of the research population 21
Knowledge concerning the infection prevention 23
Aspects related to the knowledge of the healthcare professionals regarding the issue of preventing healthcare-acquired infections 27
Limitation of the study 28
References 30
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Healthcare acquired infection/nosocomial infection/hospital acquired infections are becoming a major international challenge in many healthcare facilities especially in the low or middle income nations. It is anticipated that around 10 percent of patients in the healthcare facilities from developing nations are developing healthcare acquired infections and this subsequently leads to negative impacts on healthcare outcomes. It also leads to increase hospital stay, economic burden, morbidity cases, and increase in the mortality incidences. Some of the common healthcare acquired infections include Hepatitis B and C virus, HIV infections, and even Tuberculosis which are often transmitted by healthcare workers who are not observing the practice related to the infection prevention measures.
According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are about 1.7 million patients who have been hospitalized as a result of acquiring infection within the facilities while undergoing treatment for other healthcare concerns. Many studies reveal that simple infection control procedures like cleaning of the hands using alcohol-based hand rub is helping in the prevention of the spread of the disease. The increase in the infection rate caused by the healthcare acquired infection is due to the poor practices of infection prevention and control, lack of knowledge or failure to implement knowledge related to the process of preventing and controlling nosocomial illnesses, and other associated f.
PRACTICE OF FIVE MOMENTS OF HAND HYGIENE AMONGTHE NURSES IN SELECTED HOSPITAL...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :A Quantitative Research approach with a Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in
the study. 100 Nurses from Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, UAE who met the sampling criteria were
selected. Written consent was taken. A structured questionnaire to elicit the demographic profile, as well as a
modified Self-reported hand hygiene practice scale, was used online to assess the practice of five moments of
hand hygiene.The majority of the nurses 94-99 % of them had moderate to adequate hand hygiene practice
during the five moments of hand hygiene of which 99% before touching the patients, 95 % before carrying out
clean and aseptic procedures, and after body fluid exposure, 96 % after touching patient unit and 94 % after
touching patient surroundings. Overall, 90 % of the nurses had good hand hygiene practice. No significant
association was found between hand hygiene practices among the nurses with their demographic variables.
KEYWORDS: Five moments, Hand Hygiene, Infection, Nurses.
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.Walden UniversiMaximaSheffield592
Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections.
Walden University
Dr. Linda Johanson
Francis Mercado
1
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
The clinical issue or problem identified for my study is the central line bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
Central line bloodstream infections(CLABSI) is a health condition that affects many people.
It occurs when pathogens such as bacteria and other germs invade the patients central line after which they get into the bloodstream.
CLABSI related infections are often serious but they can be successfully managed through appropriate treatment approaches.
Femoral central venous catheters and internal jugular along with subclavian central lines have high risk of getting infected.
As per the survey conducted in 2019 about the central line bloodstream infections, it was found that the infection ratio for the said infections was 0.8 per 1000 central line days. This means that over 250000 people across the world bloodstream infections occur yearly and most of them are associated with the presence of intravascular devices.
2
Identification and description of the clinical issue.
Cont.………
Risk factors for Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)
presence of gastrostomy tube.
ICU placement of central venous catheter.
Immunosuppression.
Antibiotic therapy(Steffens et al., 2019,).
Poor nutrition;
Multiple invasive procedures.
nonoperative cardiovascular disease.
Central line bloodstream infection is associated with numerous predisposing risk factors. From healthcare stats, it can be said that central line catheters are the common causes of health callings linked to CLABSI. However there are many other risk factors that predispose patients to contracting or developing central line bloodstream infections. Contamination may occur within the central line and this may cause central line related illness. Such contamination include; non interact dressing, contaminated infusion, central venous access devices as well as patient's skin flora.
3
How to develop PICOT question for CLABSI
By analyzing the major components of PICOT, that is P-population, patients, or problem at hand, I-interventions required to solve the issue, C- control or alternative interventions to be compared, O-outcome or the objective to be achieved and T-time framework required to achieve desired outcome(Steffens et al., 2019).
This will help formulate questions such as;
Who and what is the issues that need to be addressed?
What is the proposed intervention and actions to remedy the issue?
What is desired outcome?
How much time is required to realized anticipated results?
To come up with PICOT statement of question on the clinical issues that I had chosen I had to analyze all the components of PICOT to identify their meanings so as to develop a questions that meets PICOT guidelines. The analysis of the PICOT components will help develop questions about the what are kind of population or patients affec ...
A Study on Awareness of Needle sticks injury in students undergoing paramedic...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Running head INFECTION PREVENTION1INFECTION PREVENTION.docxjeanettehully
Running head: INFECTION PREVENTION 1
INFECTION PREVENTION 15
Phase # 2 Infection Prevention
Literature Review
Healthcare acquired infections constitute a major public health issue and it is affecting millions of people on a yearly basis. The approximation from the recent studies is showing more than 5 percent of the hospitalized patients are exposed to nosocomial infections. Many studies further show that the surgical site infections are the common infections associated with nosocomial infections and it is contributing to about 30 percent of all healthcare acquired infections cases.
Study by Ayed et al (2015) shows that healthcare providers are continuously exposed to pathogens which are sometimes severe and lethal. Nurses specifically are more exposed to different infections during the course of providing healthcare services to the patients. This study indicates that it is therefore crucial for nurses to possess sound knowledge as well as strict adherence to the infection control practices. Updating the acquaintance and the practices of nurses through involvement in ongoing in-service educational programs and putting more focus on the role of the current evidence-based practices of infection prevention in the continuous training is important. Provision of the training to the newly recruited nurses regarding the infection control frequently as well as replicating the study through observation checklist is necessary in assessing the level of practice (Imad, Ayed, Faeda, & Lubna, 2015).
Study by Desta et al (2018) reveals that working experience is a stronger predictor of the knowledge in relation to the prevention of the infection. In this study, the goal was to the relationship between the acquaintance, practice and connected aspects of infection prevention among healthcare employees. Education level is a key determinant to the level of experience when it comes to the control or the prevention of infections. According to this study, it is clear that healthcare providers with advanced experience as well as advanced age are significantly linked with the knowledge. This is basically based on the fact that as healthcare providers are getting older, they are more likely to have advance knowledge due to their experiences as well as having worked with their seniors (Desta, Ayenew, Sitotaw, Tegegne, Dires, & Getie, 2018).
Teshager et al (2015) also studies the knowledge, practices, and the related aspects towards the reduction or prevention of the surgical site infections among nurses who were employed in Amhara Regional State Referral healthcare facilities, in the Northwest Ethiopia. This study looked at some of the factors linked with the knowledge of the nurses regarding the preventi ...
Similar to Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU Health Workers Regarding The Spread of Nosocomial Infections (King Khalid Hospital –Najran) (20)
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Steganography is considered to be not only the science but also the art of hiding secret messages into other innocuous and non-secret media of different types. History of steganography started with the history of civilization and algorithms of data hiding have been constantly developed with the rise of mankind's knowledge. Some of steganographic algorithms are so close connected to the use of digital media, computers and information technology, that those algorithms do not have analogy in non-digital world. It is possible to see the use of hard disk drives (HDD), solid state discs (SSD) and file systems for the purpose of steganography, or steganography in TCP/IP networks as the example. In this paper we are concentrating on such algorithm and we are examining the possibility of the use of dynamics of conversation realized with the use of instant messaging services, which are very popular standalone services or are part of widely used social networks like Facebook. The paper discusses the possibility of hidden message encoding by the use of different parameters of conversation dynamics and introduces new algorithm and its program implementation. The last part of the paper summarizes results of its experimental use.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: We consider the construction of block hybrid method for the solution of general second order ODEs. Derivation of the method was based on the use of hermite polynomial as basis function. The main method and its additional equations are obtained from the same continuous formulation via interpolation and collocation procedures. The method is then applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrator, this approach eliminates requirement for starting values, and it also reduces computational effort. The stability properties of the method is discussed and the stability region shown. Two numerical experiments were given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper offers an integrative proposal for Business Administrationcurricular programs. For that purpose, we have carried out a survey with teachers from upper Business Administration courses so as to select a group of key competences for the contemporary Administrator, which has allowed us to elaborate an integrative proposal of curricular program for the Business Administration scholars in Brazil. As a qualitative research, it consists of a multiple case study with empirical approach and a triangular analysis based on Moraes (2014).Its main objective has been to analyze the curricular programs from five higher education institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two other foreign institutions in South America. At first, we have asked ourselves the following question: How to adapt the Business Administration curricular program to the contemporary needs as far as the vocational training competences of Administrators are concerned?In order to answer it, we have analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) and the Political-Educational Projects of Business Administration Courses (PPC/CSA). After that, we have compared the Curricular Components (CC) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under analysis. After performing the triangular textual analysis of the DCN, PPC/CSA and CC of all HEIs under study, we have carried out a survey with 35 teachers from Business Administration upper courses through a computerized online questionnaire.We have sent a Survey Monkey link for a total of 40 teachers, however, only 35 answered it (87.5%); we have considered 100% valid answers. Previously, based on the doctrine of competences and curriculum according to the most renowned authors – suchas Vygostsky, Freire, Sacristán, Piaget, Saviani, Bloom, Libâneo (curriculum); Fleury & Fleury, Zarifian, Perrenoud, Lisboa (competences), among others – wehave concluded that implementing the integrative proposal will providemore well-prepared graduates from the Business Administration course right to the competitive and globalized labor market.
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
Alternative dispute resolution and civil litigation barriers to access to jus...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Civil law is the predominate system of law in the world. Civil law as a legal system is often compared with common law. The main difference that is usually drawn between the two system is that common law drawn abstract rules from specific cases, whereas civil law with abstract rules which judges must then apply to the various cases before them. Civil law has its roots in Roman law, Common law and the Enlightenment, alongside influence from other religious laws such as Islamic Law. The legal system in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law which set out the main principles that guide the law. On the other hand, Criminal Law as offences and prescribes punishment for them. It not only precludes or prevents crimes but also punish the offender. It is necessary for the maintenance of law, order and peace within state. In criminal cases, it is the state which initiates proceeding against the offender. Laws relating to the Civil Proceeding as the Code of Civil Procedure 1908; the Civil Courts Act 1887; the Suit Valuation Act 1887; the Limitation Act 1908; the Registration Act 1908; & the Specific Relief Act 1877.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
2. Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU health workers Regarding…
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Nahid Khalil Elfaki, Phd1
9 | Page
transmission of infectious agents. Hand-washing (HW) is the most effective way of preventing the spread of
infectious diseases. But despite a Joint Commission requirement that Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention handhygiene guidelines be implemented in hospitals, compliance among health care workers remains
low. The most dominant species of resident microbiota is Staphylococcus epidermidis. Transient microbiota are
microorganisms present, under certain conditions, in any of the locations where resident microbiota are found.
Some of these microorganisms colonize the superficial layers of the skin. They are more amenable to removal
by routine hand hygiene and such microorganisms are often acquired by healthcare workers during direct
contact with patients or contaminated environmental surfaces, within the patient's surroundings.6
The reasons for low compliance to hand hygiene have not been defined in developing countries
probably due to limited studies on hand hygiene.7
Nosocomial infections are prevalent nationally and
internationally and occur in patients of all age groups. Factors thatcontribute to non compliance to HW among
health care workers are: lack of awareness and knowledge among health care workers as regard the importance,
techniques, methods and quality of hand hygiene.9
Moreover human factors that lead to low compliance to hand
hygiene are busyness, forgetfulness, low staff to patient ratio and attitudes among staff towards bio-safety.10
II. JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
Nosocomial infections have been recognized as a problem affecting the quality of healthcare and
aprincipal source of adverse healthcare outcomes. It has been documented in theliterature that within the realm
of patient safety, these infections have serious impact. Increasedhospital stay days, increased costs of healthcare,
economic hardship to patients and their familiesand even deaths, are among the many negative outcomes.These
findings are indicative of the enormous economicburden associated with nosocomial infections. Studies that
have examined the impact of nosocomial infections caused by antibioticresistantpathogens at asingle center in
United States and 281 laboratories that served 791hospitals in Europe, showed that infections caused by
antibiotic resistant pathogens wereassociated with increased mortality rates, increased lengths of hospital stay
and higher healthcarecosts compared to the nosocomial infections caused by pathogens susceptible to
antibiotics.12,13
III. MATERIAL AND METHODS
This is a cross-sectional and facility based study that was conducted from March to November
2016atKing Khalid hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. By adopting a convenience sampling technique, 50
subjects had been recruited to participate in the current study. The principle method for data collection was
structured questionnaire, interview and observational check-list. The questionnaire was composed of sections.
Section one for demographic data, while section two containing questionsfor assessing the level of knowledge,
while section three for assessing the attitude, additionally, section four to evaluate the practices of the subjects.
A pilot study was conducted for checking the appropriateness of wording and responses.
IV. STATISTICAL METHOD
Data was coded and elaborated by statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 20 (IBM,
SPSS, Chicago, Illinois USA). Descriptive statistics were calculated for every measured variable. The P-value
for statistical significance was set at (0.05), so any value less than (P<0.05) was interpreted as statistically
significant.
V. RESULTS
50 study subjects responded with response rate of 98.6%. In this study, majority of respondents, 62%
were female. The mean age of the respondents was 29 years with minimum age of 19 and maximum 48 years.
Concerning educational status majority of the participants (54%) has Bsc. Professionally most of the
respondents (48%) were nurses. Majority of the study participants, (60%) had less than three year working
experience in ICU as shown in table 1.
Table 1: Socio demographic characteristics of the study population in ICU (n=50)
Variable Characteristics Frequency %
Age 18–29 26 52%
30–39 18 36%
>40 6 12%
Sex Male 19 38%
Female 31 62%
Marital status Single 14 28%
Married 32 64%
Divorced and Widowed 4 8%
Profession Physician 15 30%
3. Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU health workers Regarding…
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Nahid Khalil Elfaki, Phd1
10 | Page
Nurse 24 48%
Cleaners 8 11.3
Others 3 10.1
Educational status Diploma or less 18 36%
Bsc 27 54%
Master degree and above 5 10%
Service year in health
facility
<3 years 30 60%
3 -6 years 11 22%
>6 years 9 18%
Table 2: Represents the number and percentage of personnel's responses regarding attitude towards infection
control in relation to hand hygiene.
Table 2 represents the personnel's responses regarding attitude towards infection control in relation to
hand hygiene subscale. As reflected in this table there is a positive attitude of nurses towards infection
control in relation to hand hygiene. It is clear that high percentage of the studied sample that represent (86%)
highlighted that hands always must be washed with soap and water or even rubbed with alcohol before
contacting with immune compromised patients. This table also shows that (82%) of the studied sample reported
that washing hands with alcohol is so crucial and important before simple surgery or caring for wounds or PT
with a normal immune system. Moreover (80%) of the subjects believe that hands should be washed before
starting work on the ward. Furthermore (70%) of the selected sample insisted that soiled hands must be washed
with water and soap. Additionally (72%) of thestudied sample stated that it is the duty of every hospital's
employees to keeptheir hands free of bacteria as possible. On the other hand (82%) of the surveyed sample
argue that hands must be washed or even rubbed with alcohol after handling soiled linen. While (80%) believe
that nails should be cutshortly, cleaned and well-cared for. Furthermore, (86%) of the studied sample insisted
that employees inwards shoulduse disposable tissue papers for blowing their noses as illustrated in this table .
Table 3 Reflects the number and percentage of sample's responses regarding attitude towards infection control
in relation to personal hygiene and personal equipment. (n=50)
TotalNoYesVariables
%N%N%N
1005014%786%431- For every patient who has to be nursed with
gloves, the employee has to change the gloves .
100506%394%472- Non-sterile gloves must be worn in case of contact
with non-intact skin.
1005018%982%413-I Non-sterile gloves must be worn for each direct
patient contact.
1005020%1080%404-Sterile gloves must be worn during insertion of
urinary catheter.
1005024%1276%385- Sterile gloves must be worn in case of contact
with mucous membranes.
1005024%1276%386-Handling of soiled and clean linen must be
separated
1005030%1570%357-Disposable aprons should be worn when there is a
TotalNoYesVariables
%N%N%N
100%5014%786%43
1- Before contact with immune compromised
patients, hands must always be washed
with soap and water or rubbed with alcohol.
100%5018%982%41
2- Washing hands with alcohol is, for PT with a
normal immune system, only necessary before
simple surgery and caring for wounds.
100%5020%1080%403- Hands should be washed before starting
work on the ward.
100%5030%1570%354- I Visibly soiled hands must be washed with
water and soap.
100%5028%1472%36
5- It is the duty of every hospital employee to
keep their hands as free of bacteria as possible.
100%5018%982%416- After handling of soiled linen, hands must be
washed or rubbed with alcohol.
100%5020%1080%407- Nails should be cut short, clean and well-cared
for.
100%5014%786%438- On wards employees should use disposable
tissues for blowing their nose.
4. Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU health workers Regarding…
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Nahid Khalil Elfaki, Phd1
11 | Page
risk that clothing or uniform may become exposed
to blood, body fluids, secretions, with the exception
of sweat.
1005042%2158%298- I Personnel are allowed to eat or drink when
caring for patients.
Table (3) represents the health workers' responses regarding attitude towards infection control in
relation to personal hygiene and personal equipment subscale it is obvious in this table there is a positive
attitude of nurses towards infection control in rational to personal hygiene. The result of first studied tool
concluded that (86%) of the surveyed sample stated that for every patient who has to be nursed with gloves, the
employee has to change the gloves. Moreover a very high percentage of the sample that represents (94%)
reported that non-sterile gloves can be worn in case of contacting with non-intact skin. On the other hand (82%)
argued that non-sterile gloves can be worn for each direct patient care. This table also concluded that (80%) of
the studied subjects agreed to wear sterile gloves during insertion of urinary catheter. Additionally(76%) of the
selected subjects highlighted the importance of wearing sterile gloves too when getting in contact with mucous
membranes. Furthermore a recognized percentage of the studiedsample (76%) pointed that handling of soiled
and clean linen must be separately. The seventh tool inthis tableis about the usage of disposable aprons that
should be worn whenever there is a possible risk that clothing or uniform may become exposed to blood, body
fluids, or secretions, with the exception of sweat at a rate of (70%). Finally, and very interesting that slightly
above half (58%) of the studied sample agreed that Personnel are allowed to eat or drink when caring for
patients.
Figure 1:
Table 4: represents Mean knowledge and mean practices scores in relation to their qualification
Qualification No. Knowledge scores Practices scores
Mean SD F Sig. Mean SD F Sig.
Diploma or
less
18 0.6045 0.18037
4.531 0.012
4.5000 0.65771
0.727 0.484
Bsc 27 0.6533 0.16486 4.5542 0.56404
Master or
higher
5 0.7147 0.16885 4.6656 0.36740
(n=50)
Table 4: shows comparison of the studied sample mean knowledge and mean practices scores in
relation to their qualification. It reveals that Employees who had master degree or above displayed higher mean
knowledge scores as compared to the other two groups (diploma or less & bachelor) (0.7147 & 4.6656)
respectively. Significant statisticaldifferences were found in the mean knowledge scores only ( F= 4.531) at p <
0.05 (.012).
To use sharp
containers
In case of accident
report to authorities
Recapped used
needles
92%96%90%
8%4%10%
infection contro practicesl in relation to blood born diseases
(n=50)
Yes No
5. Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU health workers Regarding…
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Nahid Khalil Elfaki, Phd1
12 | Page
Table 5: One way ANOVA for Comparison of the Studied Sample Mean Performance Scores in Relation to
their Qualification (n=50)
Variables Master or higher Bcs Diploma or less Anova
P- value
Hand Hygiene. 8.0±1.5 7.3±2.7 7.3±1.3 F=2.034 (.137)
Sharp Devices 7.2±0.7 6.7±1.5 6.5±0.7 F=4.594 (.013)*
Linen Management. 3.8±0.5 3.0±1.5 3.6±0.7 F=5.367 (.007)
Waste Disposal 1.6±0.3 1.5±0.5 1.5±0.3 F=2.655 (.007)
Personal Protective
Equipment
10.0±1.0 9.1±2.3 8.7±1.0 F=7.982 (.001)**
Personal hygiene 3.3±0.5 2.9±0.7 2.9±0.7 F=5.539 (.006)**
Care of IV infusion therapy 7.0±0.7 6.2±1.9 6.3±0.8 F=4.471 (.015)*
Care of suction of
respiratory tract
6.2±0.8 5.8±1.6 5.8±0.7 F=1.391 (.255)
Wound care 4.2±0.6 3.8±1.6 3.8±0.7 F=2.856 (.064)
Central line care 5.5±0.8 4.0±1.6 4.4±0.8 F=15.31 (.000)*
Urinary catheter & chest
tubes care
4.4±0.5 4.3±0.8 4.0±0.5 F=3.001 (.056)
** Significant at p. < 0.005 * Significant at p. < 0.05
Table (5) shows comparison of the studied sample mean performance scores in relation to their
qualifications. Itclarifies that employees whohad master degree or higher displayed higher mean performance
scores as compared to the other two groups(Bsc& diploma or lower). High significant statistical differences
were found between the three groups in relationto sharp devices, personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns
&masks), care of intravenous infusion therapy, central linecare and urinary catheter care (F=4.594, F=7.982,
F=5.539, F=4.471, F=15.310, F=4.345) respectively at p < 0.05.
VI. Discussion
This study showed that knowledge and awareness of universal precautions among some health care
professionals working at ICU was variable. The majority (53.9%) of the health care workers had faire
knowledge of universal precautions while just over one-quarter had no knowledge.The results of this study
concur with those of Abou El-Eneinand El Mahdy,who reported that 94.9% of medical doctors in Thailand had
knowledge of standard precautions. Surprisingly, only approximately one-tenth of the porters had knowledge of
universal precautions.14
The satisfactory knowledge that was noticed in the current study regarding: standard precautions;
transmission of blood borne diseases; and methods used to prevent infection such as rules of eating and drinking
in the intensive care unit; and immunization against disease among majority of the studied sample. These
findings are in agreement with that of Karabayet al who reported acceptable knowledge level regarding modes
of transmitting diseases.15
However, Whitby et al. illustrated that, the minority of their studied nurses and laboratory technicians
had unsatisfactory knowledge about mode of transmitting blood born diseases and their signs and
symptoms.16
That is why BasuurahandMadani, revealed that frequent updating of nurses knowledge coupled
with regular surveillance, help to give the most recent and best care to the patients. This from the researcher’s
point of view could direct the attention toward continuing education of critical care health workers about
methods of utilizing infection control standard precautions especially where the studied sample had various
educational background and had years of experience of less than 10 years, so require periodical update of their
knowledge.17
Concerning assessment of health workers’ performance regarding infection control standard
precautions, the current study demonstrates that, more than half of the studied sample had satisfactory
performance level. As well, the majority had satisfactory performance regarding personal hygiene through:
removing their jewelries during handling/caring for patients; keeping finger nails short and clean; andwearing
clean and tidy unit uniforms. What nurses do in the current study could be based on what explained by
Chistiaenset al., regarding wearing rings, where they increase the total bacterial colonization of the hands and
reduce the success of alcohol-based hand disinfection.18
In relation to wastes and sharp disposal, ICU health personnel used sharp container for needles and
sharp devices, used red bags for infamous and pathologic waste and black bags for general wastes.In this
regards,Lam et alreported that most needle-stick injuries occurred during syringe recapping or bending after
use. As well, needle sticks were found to be correlated with nurses daily working hours.19
That is why WHO,
strongly recommended that all health care workers with infections should report their needle-stick incidents for
further evaluation and management.20
6. Exploring Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of ICU health workers Regarding…
*Corresponding Author: Dr. Nahid Khalil Elfaki, Phd1
13 | Page
VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that health workers in ICU (at King Khalid
hospital) showed an adequate knowledge and a fair level of awareness among medical doctors, nurses and other
health personnel towards universal precautions. These findings suggest that training of health care workers to
increase their knowledge about blood-borne pathogens and universal precautions could improve their use of
universal precautions. The increasing availability of personal protective equipment and compliance with
standard precautions in hospitals in Jamaica should reduce health care workers’ risk of blood-borne pathogen
exposure.
The health care workers have to build a positive attitude that hand hygiene is an important part of their
work in preventing the risk of cross transmission of potentially harmful multi drug resistant nosocomial
pathogens.
The current study recommends the following:
• Updating knowledge and performance of ICU health workers through continuing in-service educational
programs.
• Emphasizing the importance of following latest evidence-based practices of infection control in continuing
education / training programs.
• Strict observation of personnel’ performance/ utilization of infection control standard precautions and
correction of poor practices by the infection control team are required.
• Providing training programs for newly joined ICU staff about infection control standard precautions and at
regular intervals.
• Availability of all facilities and equipments required for applying infection control standard precautions.
REFERENCES
[1]. Al-Tonbary, Y., Soliman, O., Sarhan, M., et al. Nosocomial infections and fever of unknown origin in
pediatrichematology/oncology unit: a retrospective annual study. World J pediatr; 2011; 7(1): 61-64.
[2]. Machado-Carvalhais HP, Martins TCPM, Ramos-Jorge ML, Magela-Machado D, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Management of
occupational blood-borne exposure in a dental teaching environment. J Dent Educ 2007;71(12):1348–55.
[3]. Wendt C, Knautz D, Von Baum H. Differences in hand hygiene behavior related to the contamination risk of healthcare activities
in different groups of healthcare workers. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 2004;25(1) :203-6.
[4]. Askarian M, McLaws ML, Meylan M. (2007). Knowledge, attitude and practices related to standard precautions ofsurgeons and
physicians in university- affiliated hospitals of Shiraz, Iran. Int J Infect Dis; 2007; 11: 213-9.
[5]. Amazian K. ,Rossello J., Castella A., et al (2010). Prevalence of nosocomial infections in 27 hospitals in the Mediterranean
region. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal;16 (10):1070-1078.
[6]. Beghdadli B, Belhadj Z, Chabane W, Ghomari O, Kandouci AB, Fanello S. “Standard precautions” practices among nurses in a
university hospital in Western Algeria. SantePublique 2008;20:445-53.
[7]. Alwutaib A.H., Abdulghafour Y.A., Alfadhli A.K., Makboul G., El-Shazly M.K.: Knowledge and attitude of thephysicians and
nurses regarding blood borne infections in primary health care, Kuwait. Greener Journal of MedicalSciences.,2012; 2(4): 107-
114.
[8]. Allibone, L.: Principles for inserting and managing chest drains. Nurs Times, 2005; 101(42): 45-50.
[9]. Bouallègue O, Naija W, Said H, Nouria A, Jaidane N, Dhidah L, and Boujaafar N.: Incidence of ICU acquired nososcomial
infections in University Hospital of Sahloul (Sousse-Tunisia). Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2013; 2(11):P233.
[10]. Abd el- Razik, S and Abd el- Rahman, S, needle-stick injury and it’s relation to infection control training program among nursing
staff member in Minia university hospital, ENJ (Egyption Nursing Journal), 2011; ( 1):1146-147.
[11]. Ahmed S.M., Hassan S.A., &Abd Allah E.S.: Compliance with Universal Precautions Among Nurses and Laboratory
Technicians in Mansoura International Specialized Hospital. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine , 2008; 30(3): 151– 164.
[12]. Robert Gaynes, Chesley Richards, et al. Feeding Back Surveillance Data To Prevent Hospital-Acquired Infections, National
Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Hospitals Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA Vol. 7, No.2, March–April 2001. (Retrieved June, 2016) from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no2/pdfs/gaynes.pdf
[13]. Nobile C, Diac E, Mantuori P, Villari P. Healthcare personnel and hand decontamination in intensive care units: knowledge,
attitudes, and behaviour in Italy. J Hosp Infect 2002;51:226-32.
[14]. Abou El-Enein NY, El Mahdy HM.: Standard precautions: a KAP study among nurses in the dialysis unit in auniversity hospital
in Alexandria, Egypt. A Department of health Administration and Behavioral Science, High Institute ofPublic Health,
AlexandriaUniversity Renal dialysis Unit, Students University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. J Egypt PublicHealth Assoc. 2011;
86(1-2):3-10.
[15]. Karabay O, Sencan I, Sahin I, Alpteker H, Ozcan A, Oksuz S. Compliance and efficacy of hand rubbing during in- hospital
practice. Med PrincPract 2005;14:313-7.
[16]. Whitby M, McLaws ML, Slater K, Tong E, Johnson B. Three successful interventions in health care workers that improve
compliance with hand hygiene: is sustained replication possible? Am J Infect Control 2008; 36:349-55.
[17]. Basuurah MM, Madani TA. Hand washing and gloving practice among health care workers in medical and surgical wards in a
tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Scand J Infect Dis 2006;38:620-4.
[18]. Chistiaens G, Barbier C, Mutsers J, Warnotte J, De Mol P, Bouffioux C. Hand hygiene: first measure to control nosocomial
infection. Rev Med Liege 2006;61:31-6.
[19]. Lam BC, Lee J, Lau Y. Hand hygiene practices in a neonatal intensive care unit: a multimodal intervention and impact on
nosocomial infection. Pediatrics 2004; 565–571.
[20]. William R. Jarvis, Infection Control and Changing Health-Care Delivery Systems. (Retrieved July, 2016) from:
[21]. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol7no2/pdfs/jarvis.pdf.