Abstract—In India, communicable diseases account for nearly half of its disease burden. Nursing staff plays a major role in the health care delivery system; therefore their role in prevention of infectious diseases by taking care of universal precautions is very important. So this study was conducted aimed to know the status of universal precaution practices of nursing personnel of a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan. 100 nursing professionals were interrogated and supervised for practice and as per a semi- structured schedule. It was concluded from this study that all nursing personals were washing hands after toilet and hands were washed properly but they were reluctant regarding every time washing hands before starting work, washing with antiseptic after contacting contaminated gauze, linen etc. Apron was weared by 89% but none was wearing mask while dealing with patients. And only 40% were wearing gloves while handling patient but none was changing gloves before handling new patient. It was also concluded that all the nursing personals were using sterile syringes and new syringe was taken every time for new patients which was destroyed after use but only 43% were wearing glove while taking out needle/syringes from its wrapper and only 29% nursing personals were recapping syringes after use. Proper disposal of syringes, soiled infected gauze, needles, I.V. Drip set and gloves was done by almost all nursing personals
Background: Nurse practitioners play a vital role in wound care and management because of the prevalence of wounds in the community and hospital setting. Aims and objectives: The purpose was to identify current knowledge and practices of nurses with respect to wound management. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was designed, nineteen nurses in wound care wards in Bingham University teaching hospital were recruited into this study. This was achieved with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire for a two-week period. Results: Three groups of nurses responded to this survey (73.7% males; 31.6% aged 31-40 years). Registered nurses dominated (68.4%), majority of them worked in male ward (36.8%) and private ward (36.8%). Almost on full-time (94.7%), more than half were diploma holders (57.9%) with 1 to 5 years of experience (47.4%). Majority (84.2%) were involved in wound treatment and management, there were significant association between years of experience and wound classification, wound treatment, treatment failure and treatment failure factors. Conclusion: Wound care practices require accurate knowledge and assessment skills, a better understanding of wound management provides comprehensible, rapid patient wound care and minimizes patient mortality as well as reduces health services financial costs.
Knowledge and Practice of Documentation among Nurses in Ahmadu Bello Universi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in M...SubmissionResearchpa
From the perspective of activity theory, it can be argued that the major challenge in relation to implementing interprofessional education (IPE) could be embraced as contradictions that may lead to change. Patients have complex health needs and typically require insight from more than one discipline to address issues regarding their health status (Lumague et al. 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that institutions engaged in health professional education and training consider implementing IPE in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs (WHO, 2010). The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of IPECP for health care professionals, faculty members, and students. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork, adapted from the methods of Curran et al. (2007). Each scale asked respondents to rate their attitudes toward statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=neutral; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree). The initial factor extractions were performed by means of principal components analysis. To define the model structure more clearly, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in Table 2, the Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.902, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi-Square index was 2246.5 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha for the 14 items was 0.731, revealing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified Attitude toward health care team scores (ATHCTS) questionnaire was categorized into four factors: “Quality of care,” “Team efficiency,” “Patient-centered care,” and “Negative factors.” Conclusion: Findings suggest that the positive attitude of health care professionals, faculty members and students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training by Azjargal Baatar, Sumberzul Nyamjav and Oyuntsetseg Sandag 2020. Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in Mongolia. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Aug. 2020), 48-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.536 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536/512 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
Background: Nurse practitioners play a vital role in wound care and management because of the prevalence of wounds in the community and hospital setting. Aims and objectives: The purpose was to identify current knowledge and practices of nurses with respect to wound management. Method: A qualitative descriptive research was designed, nineteen nurses in wound care wards in Bingham University teaching hospital were recruited into this study. This was achieved with the aid of a self-administered questionnaire for a two-week period. Results: Three groups of nurses responded to this survey (73.7% males; 31.6% aged 31-40 years). Registered nurses dominated (68.4%), majority of them worked in male ward (36.8%) and private ward (36.8%). Almost on full-time (94.7%), more than half were diploma holders (57.9%) with 1 to 5 years of experience (47.4%). Majority (84.2%) were involved in wound treatment and management, there were significant association between years of experience and wound classification, wound treatment, treatment failure and treatment failure factors. Conclusion: Wound care practices require accurate knowledge and assessment skills, a better understanding of wound management provides comprehensible, rapid patient wound care and minimizes patient mortality as well as reduces health services financial costs.
Knowledge and Practice of Documentation among Nurses in Ahmadu Bello Universi...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in M...SubmissionResearchpa
From the perspective of activity theory, it can be argued that the major challenge in relation to implementing interprofessional education (IPE) could be embraced as contradictions that may lead to change. Patients have complex health needs and typically require insight from more than one discipline to address issues regarding their health status (Lumague et al. 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that institutions engaged in health professional education and training consider implementing IPE in both undergraduate and postgraduate programs (WHO, 2010). The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of IPECP for health care professionals, faculty members, and students. Methods: The survey instrument contained four scales to evaluate faculty attitudes toward IPE and teamwork, adapted from the methods of Curran et al. (2007). Each scale asked respondents to rate their attitudes toward statements on a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=neutral; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree). The initial factor extractions were performed by means of principal components analysis. To define the model structure more clearly, an exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation was conducted. The level of significance was p<.0001 for all tests. Results: As shown in Table 2, the Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin index was 0.902, indicating sampling adequacy, and the Bartlett Sphericity Chi-Square index was 2246.5 (p <0.0001). Cronbach’s alpha for the 14 items was 0.731, revealing a high rate of internal consistency. The modified Attitude toward health care team scores (ATHCTS) questionnaire was categorized into four factors: “Quality of care,” “Team efficiency,” “Patient-centered care,” and “Negative factors.” Conclusion: Findings suggest that the positive attitude of health care professionals, faculty members and students towards IPE indicates the need for IPE training by Azjargal Baatar, Sumberzul Nyamjav and Oyuntsetseg Sandag 2020. Attitudes toward interprofessional education and collaborative practices in Mongolia. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Aug. 2020), 48-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.536 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536/512 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/536
Opinions of Nursing Students towards Simulation Efficiency in Nursing Educationinventionjournals
The students who are studying in Necmettin Erbakan University Nursing Department at nursing education was conducted to determine their views on the effectiveness of simulation. The sample of the study, department nursing studying in second class, who agreed to participate in the study and Medical Nursing participating in the simulation application forms in the course of 48 students. 29.2% of the students in the courses of visual materials, %56,2% visual materials, %89,6% that gives you the opportunity to practice in the course of theuse of materials can increase the success stated. Of the students who participated in the study89.9% of the simulation suggested that it is useful for the nursing profession. Simulation for affairt hat is useful for the nursing professionis safed, controlled environment simulation with the opinions of the technical andintellectual skills to teach the mthe questions on the activity, a significant relation betweens tatistical aspects. (x 2 = 20.43, p < 0.05). Have a positiveopinion of themajority of the students towards the use of simulation in nursing education and at the same time visual, auditory, and gives you the opportunity to practice the permanence of learning because it is a material that is expectedto increase.
The use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes in pig production in Bac Ninh...ILRI
Presented by Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa, Nam Dinh University of Nursing the One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Coordinating Workshop, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7–8 October 2019.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
Mentoring, Nursing Students’ Opinions; a Pilot Studyinventionjournals
This study was conducted in order to receive the opinions of the nursing students that their clinical training carried out using one-to-one mentoring model. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 43 first-grade students of the nursing department of a university. The opinions of the students about mentoring were asked by applying a form consisting of 37 questions developed by the researchers at the end of the spring semester of 2014. Age average of the students participating in the study was :19.2±1.1. When students were asked about their opinions on mentoring model, it was determined that the practice of mentoring positively changed the perspectives of the students concerning the profession of nursing after they started receiving education (90.7 %), they wanted mentor nurses and instructors to work together in the clinic (53.3 %) and they preferred one-to-one mentoring model (55.8 %). Opinions of the students were received on the problems they encounter in clinical practices, the sources of these problems and how to increase the efficiency of clinical training. Results of our study reveal that one-to-one mentoring model has a positive impact on learning experiences of the students. Increasing the efficiency of mentoring system will increase the success of the clinical training.
Abstract— Picture of public district hospitals is usually is as underused, inefficient and providing poor quality care. So this study was aimed to assess patient load at district level hospital. For the study purpose a district hospital of Eastern-northern Rajasthan was selected and this study was conducted in year 2014 at R.K. Joshi District hospital Dausa (Rajasthan) India. Information about general activities like outdoor, indoor, operations, investigations etc were collected. Other activities like reproductive and child health activities, family welfare activities, immunization activities, Zanani Suraksha Yozana activities etc were also collected. It was found in this study that total 454596 outdoor cases and 31706 indoor cases of various diseases were attended in this year. Bed occupancy rate was 334.64 with average hospital stay 3.2 days. Total 151127 laboratory tests were done in hospital. Total 3003 minor and 474 major operations were performed. In this year 251 Laparoscopic Sterilization, 5 Tubectomies and 4 Vasectomies were done along with other family welfare activities. Total 5312 institutional deliveries were performed and these women were benefited by ZSY.
Abstract— Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. A case of 40 year old man having tense tender abdomen with obliterated liver dullness and shifting dullness was presented in emergency, it was further investigated on X rays, where pneumoperitoneum was found. This case was then decided to go for Laparatomy after routine investigations to further explore. On exploratory laparatomy, diffuse peritonitis with brown coloured fluid was observed. A 10 x 5 x 7 cm mass was found having an opening communicating with the gut lumen was present around 10 cm from the ligament of treitz. However, no adjacent structures, liver or parietal peritoneum seemed to be involved. Gross examination of the specimen revealed an outward bulging mass, which was centrally necrotic and contained hemorrhagic-necrotic material. On histo-pathological examination, features suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with mixed spindle and epitheoid pattern was seen. Mitoses were slightly increased (<5 /> HPFs) leading to the conclusion of LOW GRADE GIST with tumor free margins of gut (R0 resection). So it was a case of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which is a rare medical presentation. So it was decided to report this case as a rare case presentation.
Tuberculosis affected mankind for over 5000 yrs and continue to be a major public health problem. So to generate hypothesis about tuberculosis this study was conducted to study the profile of tuberculosis cases attending at DTC Jaipur. A record based cross-sectional study of tuberculosis patients attended at District Tuberculosis Centre, Jaipur were taken. Chi-square test was used to find out association. It was found in this study that Cure Rate significantly varied with type of case, age and sex of case. It was observed highest in cat.III and below 20 yrs of age. Defaulters were max. in Relapse retreated cases and in elderly (>60 yrs.) cases whereas it was not affected significantly with age . Failure Rate was highest in category I cases and significantly varied with age and sex. About 3/4th of total deaths were observed in Failure and Relapse retreated cases. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) showed not significant variation with sex. So it can be concluded with this study that maximally affected age group with tuberculosis is either children or 40-60 years with male predominance. Category III cases are more easier to cured and Category II cases are most difficult to cured. Cure rate was lesser in 40-60 years of age group and males. Defaulters and CFR were more in category II, 40-60 year of age group and males. And Failure Rate was more in category I, 40-60 year of age group and males
The use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes in pig production in Bac Ninh...ILRI
Presented by Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa, Nam Dinh University of Nursing the One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Coordinating Workshop, Hanoi, Vietnam, 7–8 October 2019.
Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid 19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of demonstration on knowledge regarding covid 19 training among final year nursing students of dr. achal singh yadav institute of nursing and paramedical sciences, lucknow. a quanatitave research approach with quasi experimental research design was used to select 37 final year nursing students. self structured knowledge questionnaire was used for assessing the knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the subjects. spss version 25 was used for analyzing the data. result revealed that in pretest no sample had adequate knowledge as compare to post test 32 students had adequate knowledge regarding covid 19 training. the paired t test shows that obtained p value was 0.008 which is less than p value 0.05 reveal that demonstration was effective to bring changes in knowledge regarding covid 19 training among the participants and chisqaure test reveal that there is no significant association with pretest knowledge on covid 19 training and demographic variables of participant except course of study. Jubin Varghese | Bhoopendra Singh Yadav | Saniya Susan Issac "Efficacy of Demonstration on Covid-19 Training on Knowledge Among Final Year Nursing Students of Dr. Achal Singh Yadav Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Lucknow" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41257.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/41257/efficacy-of-demonstration-on-covid19-training-on-knowledge-among-final-year-nursing-students-of-dr-achal-singh-yadav-institute-of-nursing-and-paramedical-sciences-lucknow/jubin-varghese
Mentoring, Nursing Students’ Opinions; a Pilot Studyinventionjournals
This study was conducted in order to receive the opinions of the nursing students that their clinical training carried out using one-to-one mentoring model. The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 43 first-grade students of the nursing department of a university. The opinions of the students about mentoring were asked by applying a form consisting of 37 questions developed by the researchers at the end of the spring semester of 2014. Age average of the students participating in the study was :19.2±1.1. When students were asked about their opinions on mentoring model, it was determined that the practice of mentoring positively changed the perspectives of the students concerning the profession of nursing after they started receiving education (90.7 %), they wanted mentor nurses and instructors to work together in the clinic (53.3 %) and they preferred one-to-one mentoring model (55.8 %). Opinions of the students were received on the problems they encounter in clinical practices, the sources of these problems and how to increase the efficiency of clinical training. Results of our study reveal that one-to-one mentoring model has a positive impact on learning experiences of the students. Increasing the efficiency of mentoring system will increase the success of the clinical training.
Abstract— Picture of public district hospitals is usually is as underused, inefficient and providing poor quality care. So this study was aimed to assess patient load at district level hospital. For the study purpose a district hospital of Eastern-northern Rajasthan was selected and this study was conducted in year 2014 at R.K. Joshi District hospital Dausa (Rajasthan) India. Information about general activities like outdoor, indoor, operations, investigations etc were collected. Other activities like reproductive and child health activities, family welfare activities, immunization activities, Zanani Suraksha Yozana activities etc were also collected. It was found in this study that total 454596 outdoor cases and 31706 indoor cases of various diseases were attended in this year. Bed occupancy rate was 334.64 with average hospital stay 3.2 days. Total 151127 laboratory tests were done in hospital. Total 3003 minor and 474 major operations were performed. In this year 251 Laparoscopic Sterilization, 5 Tubectomies and 4 Vasectomies were done along with other family welfare activities. Total 5312 institutional deliveries were performed and these women were benefited by ZSY.
Abstract— Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system. A case of 40 year old man having tense tender abdomen with obliterated liver dullness and shifting dullness was presented in emergency, it was further investigated on X rays, where pneumoperitoneum was found. This case was then decided to go for Laparatomy after routine investigations to further explore. On exploratory laparatomy, diffuse peritonitis with brown coloured fluid was observed. A 10 x 5 x 7 cm mass was found having an opening communicating with the gut lumen was present around 10 cm from the ligament of treitz. However, no adjacent structures, liver or parietal peritoneum seemed to be involved. Gross examination of the specimen revealed an outward bulging mass, which was centrally necrotic and contained hemorrhagic-necrotic material. On histo-pathological examination, features suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with mixed spindle and epitheoid pattern was seen. Mitoses were slightly increased (<5 /> HPFs) leading to the conclusion of LOW GRADE GIST with tumor free margins of gut (R0 resection). So it was a case of Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), which is a rare medical presentation. So it was decided to report this case as a rare case presentation.
Tuberculosis affected mankind for over 5000 yrs and continue to be a major public health problem. So to generate hypothesis about tuberculosis this study was conducted to study the profile of tuberculosis cases attending at DTC Jaipur. A record based cross-sectional study of tuberculosis patients attended at District Tuberculosis Centre, Jaipur were taken. Chi-square test was used to find out association. It was found in this study that Cure Rate significantly varied with type of case, age and sex of case. It was observed highest in cat.III and below 20 yrs of age. Defaulters were max. in Relapse retreated cases and in elderly (>60 yrs.) cases whereas it was not affected significantly with age . Failure Rate was highest in category I cases and significantly varied with age and sex. About 3/4th of total deaths were observed in Failure and Relapse retreated cases. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) showed not significant variation with sex. So it can be concluded with this study that maximally affected age group with tuberculosis is either children or 40-60 years with male predominance. Category III cases are more easier to cured and Category II cases are most difficult to cured. Cure rate was lesser in 40-60 years of age group and males. Defaulters and CFR were more in category II, 40-60 year of age group and males. And Failure Rate was more in category I, 40-60 year of age group and males
Post-operative Wound Infection in Cases operated in a Tertiary Level Hospital Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Wound infection is the second commonest nosocomial infection and most troublesome disorder of wound healing. This study was carried out on 100 post-operative cases of Surgical Unit 1st of General Surgery Department of Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India in years 2014.
After interview of these, swab from post-operative wound was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity test in Microbiology. Results were inferred by Chi-square test and unpaired‘t’ test. Among all operative cases 21% were found infected. Cases, who were operated in emergency have significantly more post-operative wound infection. Mean age and mean postoperative stay of cases with post-operative infected wound was significantly higher than in cases without post-operative infected wound. But mean pre-operative stay, mean duration of operation and type of operation was not associated with post-operative wound infection. Pre-operative antibiotics lowered the occurrence of post-operative wound infection. Maximum proportion of causative agent found in post-operative infected wound was Staphylococci (90.48%) followed with Streptococci, E. Coli, Klebsella and Pseudomonas.
Abstract—Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by premature aging involving the skin, bones, heart, and blood vessels. We report a five year old female child with clinical manifestations characteristic of this syndrome. This child had a senile look with large cranium, frontal bossing, sparse light brown hair and dilated visible veins over the scalp. Other features were prominent eyes, beaked nose, micrognathia, sclerodermatous changes in both feet and legs, laxed and atrophic skin over dorsum of both hands and mottled pigmentation over trunk. Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels was characteristic of the syndrome. This case is reported for its rarity and uncommon relationship with hypothyroidism.
—Melasma is a third most commonly cited skin disorders was pigmentary problem diagnosed most often, other two are post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. So this study was conducted on 500 cases of Melasma attending at skin OPD of Charak Bhawan, a hospital attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) with the aim to study its clinical pattern. Severity of Melasma was assessed by MASI. It was observed from this study that centro-facial distribution was found most prevelent (52.2%) pattern of Melasma followed by Malar pattern. Although mean MASI scores was found 12.47±5.093 but majority (53.2%) of cases were of sever grade followed by moderate and mild grade of Melasma. Malar area was most affected area (99.8%) followed by forehead area and chin area. Variation of area affected with Melasma was found significant (p<0.001). It was also observed that darkness as well as homogenecity was significantly more at malar region than that of forehead and chin. So it was also be concluded from this study that Melasma cases who are attending at Skin OPD are having melasma lesion on malar region and of sever grade. Reasons for this observation is o be explored with further research.
Abstract— Elderly population is increasing due to demographic shift in favor of geriatric population. This age group is susceptible for many acute and chronic health problems which may lead to limitation daily activities of life. Study of acute and chronic health problems with limitation daily activities of life of this population is required to frame comprehensive policies to make ageing a comfortable experience. So this cross-sectional period prevalence study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study episodes of acute health problems within last one month and limitation daily activities of life within last years of this population of elderly population. Study population consist of 1620 elderly with M:F ratio 0.95. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. It can be concluded from 41.6% of elderly were having difficulty in performing activity of daily living and this difficulty was found more in females that males and in older ages. It was also revealed that 44.37 of elderly had one or more episodes of acute illness in last one month. These number of episodes of acute illness in last one month was found more in males and in older age groups.
Abstract—Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main reason for cervical carcinoma. The viral E7 oncogene induces increasing expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p16 INK4a in dysplastic cells. This can be used to identify dysplastic cells in histological slides. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of p16INK4a expression and to evaluate the diagnostic value of p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) investigation in different types of lesions in the uterine cervix. The study was performed on 112 samples of cervical biopsy. All samples were selected from the records of Pathology services in University Hospital-Pleven, Bulgaria. The samples were collected in four separate groups: reactive non dysplastic changes (n=26); different degrees of intraepithelial dysplasia (n=38); invasive squamous cell carcinoma (n=32); endocervical lesions with glandular origin – microglandular hyperplasia, Adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma (n=16). In all samples immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to p16INK4a was performed. Results. In the cases with dysplastic lesions and invasive carcinomas was found strong correlation between the level of expression of p16INK4a and the level of cervical neoplasia (p<0.01). All 26 cases (100%) of non-dysplastic cervical lesions are negative for p16INK4a. The most cases of CIN III group (14cases-87.5%) showed strong cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of p16INK4a in the whole depth of the epithelium. Strong mainly nuclear overexpression was found in all invasive cervical adenocarcinomas. Conclusions. P16INK4a overexpression is associated to high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical carcinomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation can be useful biomarker in identifying HR-HPV- infected low-grade lesions.
Abstract—This study was aimed to present a case report of a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma which is a rare case. This case was a 30 years non smoker male with the chief complaint of growth of gum tissue, moderately large in the mandibular posterior region. On intraoral examination, a peduncalated growth of 17 x 12 x 6 mm on marginal and attached gingiva with respect to tooth number 47 considerably hard in consistency and movable was seen. The lesion was erythmatous having a smooth non ulcerated surface. It was asymptomatic with no sign of pain. Intra oral periapical radiograph was taken which revealed slight erosion of crest of bone which was later confirmed during surgical excision. The possible reason of crestal bone erosion may be constant pressure of the growth. Differential diagnosis of irritation fibroma, pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma was considered. However, clinical appearance and consistency was of a hard fibrous growth, which therefore led to a provisional diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
Abstract— Spiritual or compassionate care involves serving the whole person i.e. physical, emotional, social, spiritual etc dimensions of health. Spirituality has now been identified globally as an important aspect for providing answers to many questions related to health and happiness. The World Health Organization is also looking beyond physical, mental and social dimensions of the health i.e. the spiritual health and its impact on the overall health and happiness of an individual. Spiritual commitment tends to enhance recovery from illness and surgery also. Spiritually is transpired both in order to comfort the dying and to broaden one's own understanding of life at its ending. Spiritual beliefs can help patients cope with disease and face death. So it should be necessarily be add-on in critical stage of disease. Nowadays in some of medical schools in developed countries has included as a curreculam of patient care. Now it is the time that all Medical Colleges should include educating their students about spiritual health care in comprehensive patient care. Medical Council of India should also take some action in this direction.
Abstract— Medical Council of India has laid down the norms and guidelines for integrated teaching to enhance the students approach for learning in a comprehensive manner. A comparative interventional study was carried out on II MBBS students of SMS medical College, Jaipur to compare the effect of traditional teaching and integrated teaching method. After taking pre-test students were divided into two groups, one group underwent traditional teaching and other group is given integrated teaching on Bronchial Asthma. Post-test was taken after finishing the topic. Mean change in score improved in both the group were compared by unpaiered “t’ Test. Perception of students and faculty about new method was also found out. It was found in this study that mean change of score of students from pre-test to post-test in the study group was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in control group (3.43±1.88 v/s 0.65±1.81). More than 90 % students liked and retained the subject better with the new teaching methodology only 9.3% felt it more time consuming. Majority of faculty had liked this method.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Clients Visiting Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic and India counts for 10% of the global HIV burden and 65% of that in the South and South-East Asia. This study of clients of ICTC was carried out to know the association of HIV positivity with socio-demographic variables. Total 2412 clients have visited at ICTC of SMS Medical College, Jaipur, either voluntarily or referred by various department of this institute in ICTC in 1st quarter of 2009. They Overall HIV positivity was found 12.35% with a significant difference in voluntary and referred clients i.e. 83.59% v/s 8.36%. It was also found that HIV positivity is more in reproductive age group than extremes of ages, more in females than males, more in person who were married but presently single because of separation of spouse, divorce form spouse or death of spouse than the unmarried or married living with their spouses.
Abstract— Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive condition with a hereditary predisposition which is further induced by unhealthy lifestyle. It is a silent killer with cardiovascular complications being most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with T2DM.
Objective: To find out association of socio demographic and clinical parameters of diabetes type 2 with hypertension and dyslipidemia among Diabetes Mellitus type 2 cases aged 18 to 70 years. Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study was conducted on 272 type 2 DM patients attending Department of Medicine in a secondary care referral hospital after taking consent.
Results: Hypertension was present in 192 (70.59%) and dyslipidemia was present in 93 (34.19%) of type 2 diabetes patients. Age, family income, presence of family history, duration of illness, type of treatment, consumption of alcohol , BMI, Hba1c level were found to be associated significantly with both hypertension and dyslipidemia in type 2 DM patients.
Abstract: Geriatric population is increasing as life expectancy is increasing. This population is susceptible for many health problems which have a significant impact on their quality of life. So this cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study the heart diseases and its associated factors in geriatric population. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. Only 285 (17.59%) elderly who were not having and type of morbidity otherwise a sizable count i.e. 573 (35.36%) were having even 4 or more type of co morbidity. Out of total 1620 elderly 544 (33.58%) were having Hypertension and 88 (5.43%) of elderly were having other heart diseases. It was found that all other heart diseases were having hypertension. Obesity was maximal co-morbidly with heart disease followed by Diabetes. Heart diseases were found significantly more in males. Likewise it was also observed that elderly who were doing exercise were having significantly less heart diseases. Hypertension was observed significantly more in elderly who were smoking followed by elderly who were taking alcohol and chewing tobacco. But proportion of heart diseases (other than hypertension) found significantly more in elderly who were taking alcohol than who were smoking.
Abstract—Colorectal cancer is leading cancer-related public health problem. This study was conducted to determine the effect of High-Dose-Rate intraluminal brachytherapy (HDR-BT) with or without interstitial brachytherapy during neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer. This randomized contrial was conducted on 28 patients attended with locally advanced rectal cancer (T3, T4 or N+) treated initially with concurrent capecitabine (800 mg/m2 twice daily for 5 days per week) and pelvic external beam radiation therapy (45Gy in 25 Fractions) after one week MRI for all patients; received intraluminal HDR-BT with 4Gy x 2 Fractions with one week interval for those had gross residual disease within 1cm of rectal wall and receiveed intraluminal and interstitial brachytherapy with 4Gy x 2 Fractions with one week interval for those had gross residual disease far from 1cm of rectal wall. All patients underwent surgery within 4-8 week after completion of neoadjuvant therapy. In the control group which were not randomized, twenty-eight patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation (45Gy in 25 Fraction with concurrent capecitabine 800mg/m2 twice daily for 5 days per week) followed by surgery. It was found that in HDR-BT group pathologic complete response (pCR), pathologic partial response (pPR) and pathologic response rates (pCR+pPR) based on AJCC TNM staging for colorectal cancer were %35.7, %35.7, and %71.4 respectively. The pCR, pPR, and pRR were %25, %17, and %42 in the control group respectively. pCR, pPR, and pRR were improved with HDR-BT. However, only response rate improvement was statistically significant (p=0.031). There was no a statistically significant difference in the complications between the two groups (p > 0.05). So it can be concluded that HDR intraluminal with or without interstitial brachytherapy may be an effective method of dose escalation technique in neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer with higher response rate and manageable side effects.
Effectiveness of the nursing educational program upon nurse's knowledge and p...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science is ambitious to disseminate information and experience in education, practice and investigation between medicine, nursing and all the sciences involved in health care. Nursing & Health Sciences focuses on the international exchange of knowledge in nursing and health sciences. The journal publishes peer-reviewed papers on original research, education and clinical practice.
By encouraging scholars from around the world to share their knowledge and expertise, the journal aims to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the lived experience of nursing and health sciences and the opportunity to enrich their own area of practice. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, special and general articles, case management etc.
Hand Hygiene: Impact of Educational Training and Awareness Programmeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Study on Coping Strategies and Factors Associated with Stress, Among Nurses W...ijtsrd
Nursing professionals working in Intensive Care Units are challenged with high level of stress evolving due to critical condition of patients as well as urgency in decision making at life threatening situations. This makes Intensive Care Units more stressful place for working. Stress affects the emotional status which results into negative feelings hindering the care provided to patients. Study aimed to assess Coping strategies and factors associated with stress among staff nurses. Results showed the major coping strategies were used by the nurses including positive reappraisal, accepting responsibility and escape avoidance. Confronting coping was least used by the nurses. Factors like positive support and healthy work environment made level of stress less among nurses working in intensive units. Sunil Kumar Sondhi | Tarika Sharma | Dr. Anjana Williams "Study on Coping Strategies and Factors Associated with Stress, Among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Unit, New Delhi, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21551.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/21551/study-on-coping-strategies-and-factors-associated-with-stress-among-nurses-working-in-intensive-care-unit-new-delhi-india/sunil-kumar-sondhi
To Study the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Staffs at several levels on...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa Distric...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.
Keywords: Infection, health workers, hand washing, Manafwa District
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa Distric...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged.
Keywords: Infection, health workers, hand washing, Manafwa District
Performance Evaluation of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge in Biomedi...iosrjce
Poor waste management policy, practice poses a huge risk to the health of the public, patient, and
professional. This all contribute to environmental degradation. In the present paper, an attempt is made to
determine the awareness about Biomedical Waste Management (B.M.W.M.)policy – practices. The main focus is
to assess the attitude of staff nurses towards it and to develop a B.M.W.M. plan for health care environmental
setting with special focus on selected hospitals. The improvement in the different knowledge areas of B.M.W.M.
has been observed after the post test session
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing S...ijtsrd
Topic A study to assess the Knowledge, And Practice of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in different department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh. Background of the study Health care associated infections persist as amajor problem in health care settings especially Intensive Care Units. Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective method for the prevention of these healthcare associated infections. So, assess the reported hand hygiene practices and observing is very much important to find out gaps, plan remedial measure to reduce HAIs. Hand hygiene practice is still burdened by inadequate compliance, whether in the professional sphere by health professionals or in the non professional sphere by lay population Aims of the study A. To assess the hand hygiene practices among nurses B. To assess the reason for non compliance. Material and method This study was conducted in different department of Fatima hospital. It was an observational, study50 different professional categories nurses were taken for observational study, 50 for assess the reported hand hygiene practices. Questionnaire and observation tool were used for data collection. Result The study revealed that there is a corelation between the knowledge and the practices of hand hygiene among the nurses. The overall observed compliance was 58 50 nurses included in observation study, 308 number of opportunities are given only 180opportunities of hand hygiene being performed . The BSc nurses shows higher compliance rate 93.4 . The GNM nurses show 64 and the ANM show low rate 60 . The reported hand hygiene compliance among Questionnaire given to50 Nurses they were may or may not be included in observation study . Conclusion There were two studies conducted by the investigator. The observational study and reported study. The observational study shows that the overall hand hygiene compliance was58 and the reported study give more than 93.4 of compliance among different categories of nurses. The investigator found that the overall observed hand hygiene compliance among nurses was 58.4 , from that BSC Nurses have performed better. They reported the reason for noncompliance was that they were too busy 64 . Sister Ancy Varghese | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs. Ramanpreet Kaur "A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices of Hand Hygiene among Nursing Staff in Different Department of the Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47804.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47804/a-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-of-hand-hygiene-among-nursing-staff-in-different-department-of-the-hospitals-in-uttar-pradesh/sister-ancy-varghese
Study Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Biomedical Waste Managem...lsij journal
Background: Biomedical waste is known as the second dangerous waste in the world that needs to be properly managed. Inadequate and improper technique may cause serious health hazard and environmental pollution. The study aimed to determine the status of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding biomedical waste management among healthcare personnel of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Gazipur Sadar Hospital of Bangladesh. Total 91 randomly selected healthcare personnel including 22 doctors, 45 nurses, 10 attenders and 14 housekeeping staffs were interviewed. Results: The results showed that poor knowledge level among healthcare personnel excluding doctors. Besides, no black colour coding bin was found in the hospital. Regarding practices and attitude related with waste management, housekeeping staffs ignored the standard operating procedures. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that poor levels of knowledge, practices and attitude regarding biomedical waste management in Gazipur, Bangladesh. Lack of adequate knowledge impedes the waste management.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE REGARDING HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS (NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION) AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF WAH CANTT
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx
Standard precautions Status of Nursing Personnel’s of Tertiary Level Care Hospital of Rajasthan: A Descriptive Analysis
1. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-9, September- 2016]
Page | 21
Standard precautions Status of Nursing Personnel’s of Tertiary
Level Care Hospital of Rajasthan: A Descriptive Analysis
Chetan1
, Kriti Gera2
, Diya3
, Bhavya Mathur4
, Dr. Dilip Raj4§
1,2,3
Final Year MBBS Students, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
§
Email of Corresponding Author: diliprajhadia@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India
Abstract—In India, communicable diseases account for nearly half of its disease burden. Nursing staff
plays a major role in the health care delivery system; therefore their role in prevention of infectious
diseases by taking care of universal precautions is very important. So this study was conducted aimed to
know the status of universal precaution practices of nursing personnel of a tertiary care hospital of
Rajasthan. 100 nursing professionals were interrogated and supervised for practice and as per a semi-
structured schedule. It was concluded from this study that all nursing personals were washing hands
after toilet and hands were washed properly but they were reluctant regarding every time washing
hands before starting work, washing with antiseptic after contacting contaminated gauze, linen etc.
Apron was weared by 89% but none was wearing mask while dealing with patients. And only 40% were
wearing gloves while handling patient but none was changing gloves before handling new patient. It
was also concluded that all the nursing personals were using sterile syringes and new syringe was taken
every time for new patients which was destroyed after use but only 43% were wearing glove while
taking out needle/syringes from its wrapper and only 29% nursing personals were recapping syringes
after use. Proper disposal of syringes, soiled infected gauze, needles, I.V. Drip set and gloves was done
by almost all nursing personals
Key words- Nursing Personnel. Universal Precautions, Practice
I. INTRODUCTION
Infectious disease is a great challenge to the development of modern medicine in recent years. In India,
communicable diseases account for nearly half of its disease burden1
. It becomes much more difficult
due to crowded hospitals, high patient load per HCW, limited knowledge of the risks, inadequate
personal protective equipment (PPE) and limited knowledge and utilization of Post Exposure
Prophylaxis (PEP).2
It was supported by the fact that in a recent Indian study conducted on 203 health
care professionals in Pune (India) reported that 85% of nurses did not apply the universal safety
protocol2
. It is also reported that improper hand hygiene by healthcare workers (HCWs) is responsible
for about 40% of nosocomial infections.3
In 2002, the CDC published revised guidelines for hand hygiene.4
A major change in these guidelines
was the recommendation to use alcohol based hand rubs for decontamination of hands between each
patient contact (of non-soiling type) and the use of liquid soap and water for cleaning visibly
contaminated or soiled hands. A systematic review of handwashing by the Thames Valley University as
part of the evaluation of processes and indicators in infection control (EPIC) study5
, concluded that
there was a good evidence that direct patient contact resulted in hand contamination by pathogens. The
EPIC study also showed the superiority of 70 per cent alcohol/ alcohol based antiseptic hand rubs. 5,6
.
With the growing burden of HAIs, limited options of effective antimicrobials evidence supporting the
role of hand hygiene in reduction of HAIs, the WHO has launched a global hand hygiene campaign. In
2. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-9, September- 2016]
Page | 22
2005, it introduced the first Global Patient Safety Challenge “Clean Care is Safer Care (CCiSC)”, as
part of its world alliance for patient safety.7,8
The first Global Handwashing Day was observed on
October 15, 2008.
Proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing the
prevalence of HAIs and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. 4,9-14
Standard precautions (SP) are measures that should be applied by health care workers when treating all
patients, regardless of their infection status. SP include the use of hand hygiene, the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE) (e.g., gloves, masks, safety glasses and aprons), the application of caution in
handling and disposal of sharps, and engagement in actions to minimize risk in the workplace. 15,16
SP
are supposed to be adopted by all health care workers.
Nursing staff plays a major role in the health care delivery system in prevention of infectious diseases17
;
so this study was conducted on nursing personals aimed to assess the status of adherent to Standard
precaution in a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan.
II. METHODOLOGY
This observational descriptive study was conducted on 100 nursing personals posted in various
department of Sawai Man Singh (SMS) Hospital, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India.
For the study sample size was calculated 100 health care personnel at 95% confidence limit and 20%
relative allowable error assuming a correct practice in 50% of nursing personnel.
For proper representation nursing personnel of tertiary care hospital, 10 nursing personnel were selected
randomly from each of ten identified major departments, i.e. Medicine, Surgery, ENT, Ophthalmology,
Gynecology, Pediatrics, Plastic surgery, Cardio-thoracic, Neurosurgery and Urology. Those departments
having their operation theater (OT), 5 nursing personnel were randomly selected from wards and 5
nursing personnel were selected from OT otherwise in all departments 10 nursing personnel were
selected randomly from wards.
Semi-structured schedule was having two parts. Part (1) includes personnel’s information regarding
socio-demographic data, professional experience etc. Part (2) includes items for supervising practice of
nurses on various universal precaution and hospital waste management. protocol6
.
Data thus collected were compiled in Microsoft Excel in the form of master chart. These data were
analyzed and inferred with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007.
III. RESULTS
Study population for this study was with mean age 39.81 ±10.06 years with slight male preponderance
(52% v/s 48%). Age range was observed 24 years to 59 years with majority in age group of 31-45 years.
(Table 1)
Majority i.e. 73% of surveyed nursing personals were Hindus followed by Christian, Muslim and Sikh.
Likewise majority i.e. 60% were from general caste followed by OBC, ST and SC. And when socio-
economic status was inquired, majority i.e. 43% were found from SES Class V (Table 1).
3. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-9, September- 2016]
Page | 23
Table No. 1
Socio-demographic Profile of Study Population (N = 100)
Socio-demographic Variable
Cases
No. Percentage
Age wise distribution of cases
upto30 Years 24 24
31-45 Years 42 42
>45 Years 33 33
Sex wise distribution of cases
Female 48 48
Male 52 52
Religion
Hindu 73 73
Muslim 9 9
Sikh 3 3
Christian 15 15
Caste
GEN 60 60
OBC 27 27
SC 2 2
ST 11 11
Socio-economic Status
Class I 26 26
Class II 5 5
Class III 7 7
Class IV 19 19
Class V 43 43
Age range=24 years to 59 years with mean age 39.81 yrs
Surveyed nursing personnel in this study were having mean training number 1.51 ranging from 1 to 15,
mean years from last training 14.51 ranging from 0.5 to 36 years and mean professional years 16.11
years ranging from 0.5 years to 36 years. (Figure 1)
Figure 1
When practice regarding hand washing was observed it was 100% for washing hands after toilet and
hands were washed properly by all nursing personals but they were reluctant regarding every time
washing hands before starting work, washing with antiseptic after contacting contaminated gauze, linen
etc. Nails were also clean of 94% of nursing personals. (Table 2)
Training
Numbers
Time lag to latest
Training
Profession Years
1.51
14.51 16.11
Professional variables (Mean) of study
Population (in Years)
4. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-9, September- 2016]
Page | 24
When practice regarding personal hygiene and personal protective equipment was observed that
although 89% were wearing Apron but none was wearing mask while dealing with patients. And only
40% were wearing gloves while handling patient but none was changing gloves before handling new
patient. Almost all (99%) were either eating or drinking normally while handling patients. (Table 2)
When practice regarding sharp instruments was concerned it was observed that all the nursing personals
were using sterile syringes and new syringe was taken every time for new patients which was destroyed
after use by 100% nursing personals. But only 43% were wearing glove while taking out
needle/syringes from its wrapper and only 29% nursing personals were recapping syringes after use.
(Table 2)
When practice regarding hospital waste management was observed it was found that disposing of
syringes were proper by 97% of nursing personals followed by proper disposal of soiled infected gauze,
needles, I.V. Drip set and gloves. (Table 2)
Table No. 2
Universal Precautions status of Study Population (N = 100)
Universal Precautions Variables PRACTICING
Hand hygiene: No. %
Hands wash before starting work? 99 99
Washed hands properly? 100 100
Washed hands after using toilet? 100 100
Washed hands with antiseptic after handling of contaminated
gauze, linen etc.?
74 74
Nails clean? 94 94
Personal hygiene and personal protective equipment: No. %
Worn ‘Apron’ before start working? 89 89
Worn ‘Mask’ before start working? 0 0
Worn ‘Gloves’ before handling patient? 40 40
Changed your ‘Gloves’ before handling new patient? 0 0
Eat or drink when caring for patients? 99 99
Sharp management: No. %
Taken sterile syringes? 100 100
Worn gloves before taking out needle/syringes from its
wrapper?
43 43
Recapping of syringe? 29 29
Destroyed needle after use? 100 100
Separate sterilized syringes for every patient? 100 100
Hospital Waste Management: No. %
disposing the used syringes? 97 97
disposing the used needles? 89 89
disposing the used Gloves? 64 64
disposing the soiled infected gauze? 91 91
disposing the used I.V. Drip sets? 81 81
IV. DISCUSSION
In this study nursing personals were washing hands after toilet and hands were washed properly by all
nursing personals but they were reluctant regarding every time washing hands before starting work,
washing with antiseptic after contacting contaminated gauze, linen etc. Nails were also clean of 94% of
nursing personals. Almost similar observations were made by other authors. 18,19
A study conducted at
Ludhiana reported hand washing practice in 85% with Soap & water but l Lower compliance with
5. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH) ISSN: [2395-6291] [Vol-2, Issue-9, September- 2016]
Page | 25
alcohol hand wash (41.3%) among nurses working in ICU settings of tertiary care hospital.18
Even
another conducted in US also found the almost similar observations i.e. overall hand hygiene
compliance rate of 38.4% with aqueous and 79.4% with alcohol.19
It was also observed in this study that 89% were wearing Apron but none was wearing mask while
dealing with patients. And only 40% were wearing gloves while handling patient but none was changing
gloves before handling new patient. It was observed that all the nursing personals were using sterile
syringes and new syringe was taken every time for new patients which was destroyed after use. But only
43% were wearing glove while taking out needle/syringes from its wrapper and only 29% nursing
personals were recapping syringes after use. In another study only 12% of the participants always used
double gloving, 2% (3/158) always used protective eyewear, and 10% (15/158) always practiced not
recapping used needles.20
The WHO guidelines mention three levels of control is prevention of hospital-acquired infections: The
first is administrative controls, which are measures taken to ensure that the entire system is working
effectively. The second is environmental and engineering controls, including cleaning of the
environment, spatial separation and the ventilation of spaces. The third is to further decrease the risk of
transmission and includes personal protection, which is the provision of the proper personal protective
equipment (PPE)21
, which was taken care by only 45.6% of nurses in present study. Similar
observations were made by Maqbool A et al22
who reported practice of using gloves regularly in 27%
only.22
Concerning sharp instrument management, only 74.4 were practicing proper Management. It was also
observed that 29% of nurses were not recapping the needles after use. Almost similar observations were
made by Kotwal et al23
.
V. CONCLUSION
It was concluded from this study that all nursing personals were washing hands after toilet and hands
were washed properly but they were reluctant regarding every time washing hands before starting work,
washing with antiseptic after contacting contaminated gauze, linen etc.
It was also concluded that Apron was weared by almost all but none was wearing mask while dealing
with patients. And only 40% were wearing gloves while handling patient but none was changing gloves
before handling new patient
It was also concluded that all the nursing personals were using sterile syringes and new syringe was
taken every time for new patients which was destroyed after use but only 43% were wearing glove while
taking out needle/syringes from its wrapper and only 29% nursing personals were recapping syringes
after use. Proper disposal of syringes soiled infected gauze, needles, I.V. Drip set and gloves was done
by almost all nursing personals.
CONFLICT
None declared till date.
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