Atropine is a tropane alkaloid derived from various plants in the Solanaceae family, recognized for its diverse medical applications and essential role in the WHO's essential drugs list. It acts as a competitive antagonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and is utilized in ophthalmology, cardiac resuscitation, and treating organophosphate poisoning. The document also outlines the chemistry, synthesis, and isolation processes for atropine.

1. ATROPINE
NATURAL PRODUCTS
By – P.Bonehoeffer & m.ifham
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2. CONTENTS
• INRODUCTION
• NATURAL SOURCES
• STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
• CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY
• APPLICATIONS
• LABORAORY SYNTHESIS
• BIO SYNTHESIS
• ISOLATION
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3. INTRODUCTION
• “Atropine” is a tropane alkaloid extracted from
Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna),
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium),
Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum) and other
plants of the family Solanaceae.
• It is a Secondary metabolite of these plants and
serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects.
• Competitive antagonist for the muscarinic
acetylcholine receptor.
• Classified as an anti cholinergic drug.10/30/2018 3

4. • Atropine is a core medicine in the World
Health Organization's (WHO) "Essential
Drugs List", which is a list of minimum
medical needs for a basic health care system.
• Other names of Atropine…..
* dl-hyoscyamine
* (±)-hyoscyamine,
* Tropic acid ester with tropine
* Tropine (±)tropate
* dl-tropyl tropate
* (±) tropyl tropate
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5. Natural sources
• Atropine is found in many
members of the Solanaceae
family.
• The most commonly-found
sources are
Atropa belladonna,
Datura inoxia, D.metel
and D. stramonium.
• Other sources include
members of the
Brugmansia and
Hyoscyamus genera.
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6. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
• Systematic (IUPAC) name
(8 - methyl - 8 - azabicyclo [ 3.2.1 ] oct - 3 - yl ) 3 -
hydroxyl - 2 - phenyl propanoate
• Molecular formula
C17H23NO3
• Molar mass
289.38 g mol-1
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7. Physical properties
• Solubility: Low solubility in water, 1
gram Atropine dissolves per 2 ml of
alcohol.
• Physical state: White crystals or white
crystalline powder, odorless and has a
sharp bitter taste.
• Melting Point: 114-116 oC
• Boiling Point: 393 oC
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8. CHEMISTRY AND
PHARMACOLOGY
• Atropine is a racemic mixture of
D-hyoscyamine and L-hyoscyamine , with
most of its physiological effects due to
L-hyoscyamine .
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9. • Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
• It is an antimuscarinic agent.
• The most common atropine compound used in
medicine is “Atropine sulfate”
( C17H23NO3 )2 · H2SO4 ·H2O
• Full chemical name
1α H , 5α H –Tropan – 3 - α ol (±) – tropate (ester) , sulfate mono hydrate
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10. APPLICATIONS
• Old uses: Women used to put Atropine, then
known as Belladonna, into their eyes in an
attempt to make their pupils larger.
• Current uses:
• Used as a depressant for the stimulation
of unconscious internal processes.
• A heart stimulant.
• Opposes action of the Vagus Nerve.
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11. Drug applications
1. Ophthalmic use
Atropine is used as a cyclo plegic, to
temporarily paralyze the accommodation
reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils.
2. Resuscitation
Injections of atropine are used in the treatment
of bradycardia (an extremely low heart rate),
asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
in cardiac arrest.
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12. 3. Secretions and broncho constriction
Atropine's actions on the parasympathetic
nervous system inhibits salivary, sweat, and
mucus glands. This can be useful in treating
hyperhidrosis, and can prevent the death rattle
of dying patients.
4. Treatment for organo phosphate poisoning
Atropine is given as a treatment for
SLUDGE (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination,
Diaphoresis, Gastrointestinal motility,Emesis)
symptoms caused by organophosphate
poisoning .
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13. LABORATORY SYNTHESIS
• Atropine synthesis involves 2 major steps
1. Synthesis of Tropine
2. Synthesis of Tropic Acid
and last step is there combination to form
ultimately Atropine
The first step is Synthesis of Tropine
The immediate compound are Succinaldehyde,
methylamine and Acetone to form Tropinone,
this Tropinone upon reduction yields Tropine.
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14. • The second step is synthesis of Tropic Acid is
carried out via Phenyl Acetic Acid and Propyl
magnesium Chloride in the presence of ether
and intermediate product formation, followed
by subsequent treatment with H2SO4 yields
tropic acid.
The last step in this synthesis is combination of
both products i.e, Tropine + Tropic Acid to
yield Atropine by adding HCl.
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16. 10/30/2018 16

17. BIO SYNTHESIS
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18. ISOLATION
• Atropine is racemic form of l-hyoscyamine.
The latter can be racemised by heating with
ethanol alkaline solution
• Procedure
(1)Dry 500 g seeds of plant (D.stramoinum).
(2) Boil the seeds in water for 1-1.5 hours in a
beaker.
(3) Strain the extract through a fine pored mess.
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19. (4) Add 4 ml of con. Sulphuric acid into the
liquid and leave for half an hour.
(5) Take out the clear layer of liquor with the
help of a pipette.
(6) Filter to obtain a transparent sherry-coloured
solution.
(7) Add ammonium carbonate to the solution till
saturation.
(8) Find colour change of the solution to black
from sherry.
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20. (9) Leave to obtain crystals of atropine in
15-30 minutes.
(10) Take out the upper supernatant with the
help of a Pasteur pipette.
(11) Dry the crystals on a filter paper and
dissolve dried crystals into boiling alcohol.
(12) Evaporate alcohol and obtain pure
crystals of atropine.
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21. REFERENCES
• Abdullah A. Al-Badr and Farid J. Muhtadi, “ATROPINE ",
King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (1998)
• A. Fasth, J. Sollenberg, B. Sorbo; "Production and
characterisation of antibodies t o Atropine", Acta Pharm.uec.
12, 311 (1975).
• T.Ismail., "ALKALOIDS & ALKALOIDS PLANTS" , Adana
university and joint research centre.
• R. Nath Singh, J.Kumar, D.Prasad, S.Prasad, " Extraction of
two medicinally active compounds fromplant sources “
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22. THANK YOU
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