Atoms and subatomic particles
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This document discusses the structure of atoms and subatomic particles. It explains that atoms were once thought to be indivisible but are actually made up of subatomic particles, including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Each element is defined by its atomic number, or number of protons, while the mass number refers to the total number of protons and neutrons. Key subatomic particles are electrons, which have a negative charge; protons, which have a positive charge; and neutrons, which have no charge.
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- Tracers - Radio
Getting inside the atom part 2
The document discusses the structure of atomic nuclei. It notes that atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons. The number of protons determines the element and its properties. Neutrons have no charge while protons have a positive charge. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. The mass number of an isotope is the total number of protons and neutrons.
Com 2 '7 az 112
The document provides information about the periodic table and properties of atoms and ions. It defines key terms like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, ions, and gives examples of writing chemical symbols and identifying properties of different elements and ions based on their number of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Sanyam ohra
Atoms are the smallest particles that elements are made of and cannot be further broken down while still retaining their chemical properties. Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge. Molecules are the smallest particles of an element or compound that can exist and retain the chemical properties of that element or compound. They are made of two or more atoms and their molecular formula gives the composition in terms of the number and type of atoms present.
Grade 9, U1-L9-Atomic structure
This document discusses the structure of atoms and their subatomic particles. It explains that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while electrons surround the nucleus in energy levels. The number of protons determines the element and is known as the atomic number. The total number of protons and neutrons is the mass number. Standard atomic notation uses the mass number as a superscript on the left of the element symbol and the atomic number as a subscript.
Chem 111 Chapter 2: Ions atoms and molecules
General chemistry I chapter 2: Learn about Ions, Atoms, and Molecules. The building blocks of matter. Pace yourself and stay ahead of the game!
Atomic structure(1)
This document provides information about atomic structure and chemical changes for National 5 Chemistry. It includes definitions of key terms like atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and relative atomic mass. It explains how to convert between atomic number, mass number, and the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. It also distinguishes between atoms and ions using nuclide notation and by comparing the number of protons and electrons. Students are instructed to practice these skills by completing questions from the textbook.
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Subatomic Particle. proton number atomic number etc
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Breezes
The document discusses various atmospheric phenomena such as air temperature, pressure, and heating. It explains how thermometers are used to measure air temperature and how air is heated by the sun, conduction, and convection. It also discusses specific heat and how cement gets hotter than soil. Additionally, it summarizes sea and land breezes caused by uneven heating of land and sea. Other topics covered include monsoons, trade winds, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), ozone formation and depletion, and the greenhouse effect.
Responsible parenthood
The document discusses the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 in the Philippines, which guarantees universal access to contraception, fertility control, sex education, and maternal care. It mandates the government to promote all effective and legal family planning methods. The bill also requires reproductive health education in schools and guarantees reproductive healthcare for female employees. It aims to promote responsible parenthood through a multi-dimensional approach integrated into anti-poverty programs.
The atmosphere
The document discusses the layers of Earth's atmosphere. It is divided into five main layers from lowest to highest:
1) The troposphere, extending up to 9-16 km, contains weather patterns and decreases in temperature with altitude.
2) The stratosphere, up to 50 km high, contains the ozone layer and has a temperature that initially increases with altitude.
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Gravity
The document discusses the force of gravity and its effects. It explains that gravity is a downward pulling force that attracts all objects on Earth toward its center. It causes things thrown up to fall back down, and makes downward movement faster than upward movement. Gravity is responsible for many phenomena we observe, such as leaves falling from trees, objects slipping from our hands, and kites falling when the wind stops blowing. It establishes our weight and keeps us and everything on Earth from floating off into space.
Maternal health concerns
This document discusses maternal health concerns before, during, and after pregnancy. Before pregnancy, women should see their doctor to discuss any existing health problems and how treatment may need to be adjusted. During pregnancy, women may experience a range of symptoms from mild discomforts to severe illnesses. Common health conditions experienced during pregnancy include anemia, UTIs, gestational diabetes, and hypertension. After pregnancy, women can experience postpartum depression caused by hormonal changes after childbirth. Proper prenatal and postnatal care is important for both mother and baby's health.
Energy
Most activities involve energy in different forms. Sound, light, heat, and chemical/mechanical energies are used from waking up until moving around. Forces like gravity, wind, water, electricity, and magnetism can push or pull objects to cause motion. Motion is the change in position of an object due to force. Forces can make objects move, change their speed and direction of movement, stretch or compress, or cause up and down motion through balanced or unbalanced opposing forces.
Heat energy
The document discusses heat energy and its effects on the human body. It explains that exposure to the sun's heat energy can cause sweating, thirst, reddening of the skin, and smelling musky. It then provides tips for protecting against excessive heat, such as avoiding direct sun exposure especially from 10am-2pm, drinking plenty of water, wearing loose cotton clothes, and staying alert for signs of heat illness like dizziness or fainting.
Friction
Forces can cause objects at rest to move or change an object's motion. There are two main types of forces - contact forces that require touching and non-contact forces like gravity. Friction is a contact force that resists the movement of objects in contact with each other. The document discusses the different types of friction like static, sliding, and rolling friction and how friction affects motion. It also describes ways to reduce friction using lubricants and wheels and ways to increase friction using rough surfaces. Safety measures around friction to prevent accidents are mentioned.
Dating, courtship, and marriage
This document discusses the topics of dating, courtship, and marriage. It defines infatuation and love, and notes that dating is a form of courtship where couples engage in social activities together. There are different types of dates like standard, double, and group dates. Dating is important as it allows couples to develop affection, strengthen their relationship, get to know each other's character, and have fun. Courtship precedes engagement and allows couples time to understand one another. Engagement is a period where couples ensure they are ready for lifelong companionship before marrying, which is a permanent union between a man and woman. Factors like maturity, commitment, and character are important to consider when choosing a lifetime partner for a
Periodic table
The document summarizes the key people involved in the discovery and development of the periodic table of elements. It discusses Johann Dobereiner who discovered triads of elements, de Chancourtois who arranged elements in a helix, Newlands who proposed periodicity based on atomic mass, and Mendeleev who created one of the first recognizable periodic tables. It also mentions the contributions of Meyer, Ramsay, Moseley, and Seaborg in refining the table and adding new elements. The periodic table organizes elements based on electron configuration in their outermost shells and exhibits trends in properties from atomic radius to metallic character across the table.
Kinematic equations
The document discusses kinematic equations that describe uniformly accelerated motion. It provides the equations for final velocity, displacement, and initial and final velocities as functions of acceleration, time, and initial velocity or displacement. Examples are included to demonstrate solving for final velocity and displacement given values for acceleration, time, and initial velocity. The kinematic equations can be used to analyze motion under constant acceleration.
Velocity
Velocity is defined as the rate of change of an object's position over time, taking into account both speed and direction, and can be calculated using the formula that average velocity equals displacement over time. The document provides examples of calculating average velocity and discusses how velocity differs from speed by incorporating direction. It also defines acceleration as the change in velocity over a time interval and provides examples of calculating acceleration from changes in speed or direction over time.
Teenage concerns
This document discusses several key issues regarding teenage sexual health. It notes that adolescence is a formative time when habits are learned. Some of the most important issues are physical body changes during puberty, increased interest in sex due to hormones, and the need for comprehensive sex education about risks and consequences. Teenagers are exposed to sexual topics from many sources and need guidance on their values. The document outlines additional challenges such as dating pressure, risks of teenage pregnancy, importance of abstinence or safe sex education, and sexually transmitted diseases.
Sound energy
Sound is energy produced by vibrations traveling through matter such as air. Vibrations cause the surrounding air to produce sound waves that transmit the sound outward from its source. When these waves reach the ears, the brain processes the messages as sound. Sound travels faster through solids than liquids or gases due to the density of the medium. It also travels much slower than light, explaining why thunder is heard after lightning is seen. Protection from loud noises that can damage hearing includes avoiding very close or prolonged exposure to sounds and wearing ear protection during noisy activities.
Velocity
Velocity is defined as the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time and includes both magnitude (speed) and direction. It can be calculated using the formula: Average velocity = Displacement / Time. In the example, a girl travels 8 km in 15 minutes (0.25 hours) to get to school, so her average velocity is 32 km/h. Acceleration is the change in velocity over a time interval and is calculated as: Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time Interval. It is a measure of how quickly an object's velocity changes. Both speed and direction must change for an object to be accelerating.
Mangrove swamps
Mangroves are woody plants that grow in coastal saline waters and muddy soils between land and sea in tropical and subtropical regions. They have complex root systems adapted for survival in wet, oxygen-poor conditions. Mangrove swamps support rich biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services like coastal protection, sediment stabilization, and nursery habitats for marine life. However, mangroves are threatened by habitat loss from aquaculture, development, pollution, and overharvesting of resources. Conservation efforts aim to protect remaining mangrove areas and restore degraded ecosystems.
Electron configuration
This document discusses the electron distribution in orbitals and sublevels across the first four principal energy levels. It provides the number of orbitals and electrons in each sublevel (s, p, d, f) as well as the total electrons per principal energy level. The first level contains 2 electrons in the s orbital. Each subsequent level adds new sublevels with increasing numbers of orbitals and electrons as you move further from the atomic nucleus.
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Atoms and subatomic particles
- 3. Atom โข is the fundamental unit of element. โข Is atom indivisible? โข NO!
- 4. Structure of Atom Positively charged No charges Negatively charged
- 5. Subatomic particles Charge Mass (g) ~size (m) Coulumb Charge unit electron -1.6022 x 10-19 -1 9.10939 x 10-28 Not known exactly (~1 x 10-18) proton +1.6022 x 10-19 +1 1.67262 x 10-24 1 x 10-15 neutron 0 0 1.67493 x 10-24 1 x 10-15
- 6. โข Elements differ in the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons. โข Identity of an element is based on the number of protons equates to the atomic number. EXAMPLE: Atomic number = number of protons For neutral atom: Number of protons = number of electrons Number of electrons = 11
- 7. Elements are generally represented by a nuclide symbol: โข Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons โข Number of neutrons = mass number โ atomic number N = A - Z
- 8. What is the difference between mass number and atomic number? ELEMENTS Na K Mg Al N Mass number 23 24 14 Atomic Mass Identify the atomic mass and mass number of the following elements:
- 9. ELEMENTS Na K Mg Al N Mass number 23 39 24 27 14 Atomic Mass 22.9898 39.0983 24.305 26.9815 14.0067